The ASB cable is a “heavy” aluminum cable, equipped with several layers of protection and designed for operation in high voltage networks - from 1 to 10 kV. A distinctive feature of this class of cable products is the scope of application - this type of cable is specially designed for installation in the ground, without installing additional protective structures. Its multi-shell structure reliably protects current-carrying conductors from rodent teeth, accidental damage as a result of agricultural and/or repair work, and so on.
Decoding
The order of decoding the abbreviation ASB 3x150:
- A – aluminum is used as a material for conductive conductors,
- C – the conductors are made in a lead sheath,
- B – the cable is additionally protected with steel tapes,
- 3 – number of cores,
- 120 – core cross-section, mm².
ASB 3x120
The core insulation is made in different colors, digital marking is also possible.
Review of ASB cable manufacturers
Among the manufacturers of ASB cable and wire products, it is worth noting enterprises whose products are of high quality and comply with all GOST requirements:
- Kamkabel LLC (Kama cable), located in Perm;
- Sevkabel LLC in St. Petersburg;
- JSC Kolchuginsky, Vladimir region, Kolchugino;
- JSC "Moskabel", Moscow;
- CJSC Kavkazkabel TM.
The production of ASB cable is carried out using modern high-tech equipment.
There are more than 100 factories in Russia that manufacture cable and wire products, so there is always a choice of the right product.
Design
The cable design requires the following elements:
- aluminum conductors of round or sector cross-section, made in the form of solid wire or multi-wire;
- an insulating coating consisting of paper impregnated with a special composition;
- pillows for which bitumen, crepe paper or polyethylene terephthalate fibers are used;
- armored protection made of steel tapes;
- outer cover made of bitumen or glass yarn.
Depending on the type, an additional coating layer of bitumen tape may be used.
The most common mistakes when using ASB cable
- Unwinding a cable from a drum lying on its side. Such unwinding is unacceptable according to all current standards. The fact is that when the product is thrown off with rings, it twists, and when trying to align, longitudinal tension may occur, which is strictly prohibited for a cable.
- When laying open, to overcome obstacles, the product is suspended in the air at a short distance. This is also a gross violation of technology, because the significant weight of the product will certainly lead to its sagging, which means stretching, and when using ASB, this is unacceptable.
- Exceeding the load on the cable (the core cross-section has a smaller area than required) through the connection of additional consumers. Such a violation can lead to significant heating of the phase conductors, as a result of which the properties of the insulating material will be impaired and further operation of the product will become unsafe.
In conclusion, I would like to note that work on unwinding, installation and switching of power cables should be carried out by specialists who have the appropriate education, skills and permission to carry out these activities. Compliance with operating rules will help extend the service life of the cable, which has a significant service life and is designed for more than 30 years.
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Purpose and application
The ASB cable, given its properties, is mainly used for transmitting electricity in stationary electrical equipment with an operating voltage ranging from 1.6 to 10 kV. It can also be used to transmit direct current.
In most cases, this type of power cable is used for underground communications. Laying is carried out under conditions of low or medium corrosive activity of the soil and the absence of stray currents in the area where the wire is located. For operation in aggressive environments, a type of product with additional protection is used, the marking of which contains the additional designation 2l.
How to use the cable
It involves use for the purpose of transmitting and distributing electricity under standard operating conditions, the types are characterized in accordance with GOST 15150. ASB conductors can be 3 and 4 cores.
- They are laid in the ground, in the presence of conditions of low corrosion and without tensile forces during further operation;
- They are mainly used in works when constructing routes that are inclined and horizontal in nature.
Due to its reliable characteristics, as well as the fact that it is heavy and practically does not bend, it is used for constructing high-voltage networks by laying trenches.
In some cases it is placed in mines and collector systems. But this use is not entirely relevant, since special brands of conductors are intended for these purposes.
This wire is often used in soil characterized by low or medium-low corrosion. The peculiarity of the soil is revealed in relation to the metals that are used in the manufacture of the cable. The main indicator is the region, as well as the amount of ions in the composition of active elements present in the earth.
When constructing routes, it is recommended to pay attention to the presence of loads in the soil that are laid along. This is based on the low resistance of ASB to rupture.
The conductor is suitable for use in soils with increased chemical activity. It should be borne in mind that climatic conditions are varied, so soil characteristics may change over time.
- Installation of ASB power conductors is recommended to be carried out inside objects, on walls and by laying them on tracks and in the ground.
- It is quite versatile; this feature allows you to carry out work when direct heat sources are close to you or in conditions of soil freezing.
- A necessary condition for the process is the presence, directly during installation, of an air temperature not lower than 0C.
Classification and price
In addition to the main variety, ASBl and ASB2l cables are produced, which provide additional protection for use in aggressive environments.
Also read: Cable Specifications – NYM
The cable differs in the following design features:
- number of cores – from 1 to 4;
- cross-sectional area, ranging from 35 to 240 sq. mm.
Depending on the specified features, the cost of a linear meter of this product ranges from 500 to 900 rubles and more. Also, the price depends on the policy of the company selling the products.
Specifications
This type of cable product is characterized by a high degree of reliability in the event of various emergency situations. So, the main performance characteristics of ASB wires are as follows:
- standard operating voltage is 1/6/10 thousand volts, depending on the cross-section and purpose of the cable;
- current - alternating with a frequency of 50 Hz or constant;
- operating operating temperature - from –50 to +50 degrees Celsius;
- heating limit during operation is +80 degrees for cables of 1 and 6 thousand volts, and +70 for products of 10 thousand volts;
- maximum emergency heating is 90 degrees Celsius;
- in short circuit mode, the ASB type power cable “holds” +200 degrees for 4 minutes;
- The resistance of the ASB cable (conductors) is 29.11 Ohms for single-wire and 29.4 Ohms for multi-wire conductors per 1 km of route. The data is relevant for an ambient temperature of +20 degrees;
- the insulation resistance is 100 MΩ per 1 kilometer for a wire rated at 1 kV, and 200 MΩ/km for products designed to transmit 6 and 10 thousand volts;
- bending radius - 25 of its own diameters for a single-wire type, and 15 for a multi-wire type.
With all this, laying cables in the ground without preheating is permissible only at an ambient temperature of at least 0 Celsius. The estimated service life is 30 years, the warranty is 5 years from the date of installation, but installation should occur no more than a year from the date of purchase.
The construction length varies from 350 to 450 m depending on the section. The minimum weight of the ASB cable is 1947 kg/km (data for a three-core wire with a cross-section of 35 mm).
Advantages and disadvantages of wire
ASB has the following advantages:
- reliable protection from mechanical influences, thanks to armor;
- cheaper manufacturing cost compared to copper products;
- high conductivity;
- possibility of underground installation;
- wide choice, depending on operating conditions.
The disadvantages include large weight and insufficient flexibility, and therefore the wire is not suitable for use in overhead routes.
Information on choosing an ASB cable
When choosing cable and wire products, the main attention is paid to the rated voltage of the power line and the permissible current load for which the conductors are designed. Based on these indicators, the cross-section of the cable cores is selected . A table is used for this:
| Cross-sectional area of cores, mm² | Permissible maximum current load for underground wiring, A | Permissible maximum current load when wiring in open air, A |
| At 1000 V | ||
| 35-240 | 121-359 | 117-402 |
| At 6000 V | ||
| 50-240 | 134-351 | 132-389 |
| At 1000 V | ||
| 95-240 | 192-314 | 194-347 |
Practical recommendation: When choosing a cable, it is better to give preference to a product with a larger cross-section of cores than required by operating conditions. This will allow, if necessary, to increase the load applied to it.
GOST ASB
Below are the state standards for CRS, in accordance with which we have collected the technical characteristics presented on this page.
GOST 18410-73
active
“GOST 18410-73 Power cables with impregnated paper insulation. Technical specifications"
from 01/01/1975 to present
See also
GOST 22483-2012
active
“Current-carrying conductors for cables, wires and cords”
from 01/01/2014 to present
“Cable sheaths are lead and aluminum. Technical conditions. »
from 01/01/1975 to present
"Protective cable covers"
from 01/01/1975 to present
"Versions for different climatic regions"
from 01/01/1971 to present
Main manufacturers
When choosing any model of ASBL cable, you should pay special attention to its manufacturer. Since compliance with all parameters declared by the plant will depend on it. Otherwise, the operating organization may be faced with a situation where the line cannot withstand the load connected to it due to weak insulation or insufficient cross-section. The most popular manufacturers of ASBL cable are:
- "Moskabel";
- "Kolchuginsky;
- Beltelekabel;
- "Lyudinovokabel".
By purchasing their products, you can be sure that the parameters correspond to reality. If you use products from other manufacturers, pay attention to the condition of all layers in the section - if there is displacement in the cable on the coil, it is better to refrain from purchasing them.
