What is the allocated power of electricity and how to increase it

Modern household appliances require electricity to operate, but the number of electrical appliances connected simultaneously is limited by the allocated power. If you have an apartment or property with gas, there is often no need for a large amount of electrical energy. If there is no gas and you need to increase the limit, you can increase the established rate for your apartment. This can be done by contacting the operating organization. If you do not increase the established electricity rate, you will not be able to achieve the desired comfort in your home. Next, we will talk about how to find out and increase the permitted electricity capacity for an apartment and a private house.

What is allocated electrical power?

The allocated power (or permitted power) is the maximum permissible one-time load in kW on the consumer's network (apartment, private house or cottage), which cannot be exceeded.

The rules for connecting private houses and apartments to the electrical network are set out in SP 31-110-2003 “Design and installation of electrical installations of residential and public buildings” and RM-2696-01 “Temporary instructions for calculating electrical loads of residential buildings.” According to these documents, each apartment or private house should be allocated from 5 to 7 kW if a gas stove is installed, and from 8 to 11 kW with an electric stove installed. In addition, the allocated power must be specified in the electricity supply contract.

For comparison, during the Soviet era in apartments, as a rule, the established electricity rate was only 1.5-3 kW, but the increase in the number of household electrical appliances and their power consumption gradually required an increase in this parameter.

Private houses and dachas located in horticultural, gardening and dacha non-profit partnerships, as a rule, are allocated electricity within the limits of the connected power specified in the technological connection act, which is no more than 15 kW in a three-phase network (5 kW for each phase) or no more than 5.5 kW in a single-phase network. This norm is established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 334 “On introducing amendments to certain acts of the Government of the Russian Federation on improving the procedure for technological connection of consumers to electric networks.”

What it is

During capital construction during the USSR, for example in Khrushchev buildings, i.e. In most of the residential premises that are still in use today, even at the design stage, the allocated power was 1.5 kW per apartment. Later, the established electricity rate increased to 3 kW, as it became necessary to increase it due to the increased “gluttony” of consumers. Practice shows that 10-16 Ampere plugs were usually installed in electrical panels and meters, so that the maximum current consumed by an apartment was limited to a total electrical power of 3 kW for apartments with a gas stove. For apartments where an electric stove is installed, 7 kW is allocated. In new buildings, the allocated power can reach up to 15 kW. This scatter is due to the fact that during the construction of old houses (60s, 70s) there simply were not such powerful consumers and as many household appliances as there are now.

The allocated power is the maximum amount of electricity consumed at one point in time.

In addition, in order to enter the established limit, sometimes you need to enter not just 1 phase, as often happens, but as many as 3 phases. This is necessary for connecting modern household appliances, such as powerful electric boilers and electric stoves. This is especially true in commercial premises and industries of any scale, where a lot of electricity is needed (up to 30 kW and above).

Example . To heat a country house that is not equipped with gas equipment, solid fuel and electric boilers are installed, the latter are safer and more convenient. For heating a house with an area of ​​100 sq.m. you need a boiler with a power of about 7-10 kW, an electric stove consumes another 3-5 kW. In total, it is necessary to increase the established electricity limit to a minimum of 15 kW and supply electricity in three phases.

To find out the allocated power for a private house or apartment, you need to contact the operating organization (in Moscow and the region - this is Mosenergosbyt OJSC). The help contains information about the allocated and average power consumption. It will be needed if you are preparing documents for an increase; this will be discussed in detail below.

Dedicated power and input machine

In accordance with the value of the allocated power, a corresponding input circuit breaker (or circuit breaker) is installed in the electrical panel, where the external power cable of the electrical network is supplied, which is located immediately after the electric meter.

The device is a box with a switch designed to protect the entire electrical wiring of the house from overload and short circuit currents, as well as a general disconnection of its power supply from the external line. As a rule, after the introductory circuit breaker, additional circuit breakers are installed for various types of loads.

Input circuit breakers can be single-pole, two-pole (used in single-phase electrical networks) and three-pole (used in a three-phase network and allow each phase to be disconnected). For example, with an authorized power of 5.5 kW, a 25 A input circuit breaker (C25) will be installed in the electrical panel. On the Internet you can easily find tables that indicate the permitted power of each circuit breaker model.

How much kilowatt per private household is required by law?

Carports for a country house can be made by yourself. Ready-made awnings for cars have not only a long service life, but also an improved control system. Using sensors, the central chip of the canopy independently regulates the amount of rotation, opening, and extension. According to the type of roof, products are divided into types: horizontal, inclined, flat, arched, arched. Classic horizontal roof for a car –

Flat metal grinding is one of the most popular types of metal surface treatment. This technology is used for grinding internal (external) products of flat, cylindrical, and screw shapes. During the work, the peripheral or end part of the grinding wheel can be used. The process itself consists of several types of work performed in a certain sequence. Key Features Surface grinding is required to achieve high precision

How to determine what the allocated electricity capacity is in your home?

There are several ways to determine the exact allocated power that a private house or summer cottage has.

1) View the rating of the input machine

The easiest way to determine the allocated power of electricity to a house is by the value of the operating current for which the input circuit breaker installed in the electrical panel is designed. To do this you will need to perform a simple calculation. For example, on the body of the input machine the operating current is indicated as 32 A. It is necessary to use the following formula: P max = U x I, where:

• U – rated mains voltage (220 or 230 V – will depend on what mains voltage is supplied to the house);

I – indicator of the operating current of the input circuit breaker in amperes.

The problem with this method is that the rating of the input machine does not always coincide with the official allocated power.

For example, this occurs when an external line has been upgraded with an increase in its power, and also if the electrical wiring has not been changed for a long time or its installation was performed poorly.

If the allocated power of electricity significantly exceeds the capabilities of the input circuit breaker, then it would be advisable to replace it and bring all electrical wiring in the house into compliance.

2) Contact the operating organization

The allocated power per home can also be found in the electricity supply contract. If it is missing, then you must contact the operating organization, which must issue a certificate of actual power consumption and installed power. In Moscow and the Moscow region, this is done by Mosenergosbyt OJSC. The company provides the service for a fee, its cost is on average 2 thousand rubles.

If a private house is serviced by a management company, then it is the company that is obliged to issue the owner a certificate of allocated power or permission to connect to the house’s electrical networks and an act of delimitation of balance sheet ownership and operational responsibility.

In SNT, the data on allocated power for each site is owned by the chairman of the partnership, who must inform its users about this.

3) Study the energy supply agreement

You can find out the allocated power in the contract for power supply of an individual residential building (household) between Mosenergosbyt OJSC and the owner. Information about this is usually indicated in the “Subject of the Agreement” section with the following wording: the maximum power of a household is determined based on the parameters of the technological connection of the subscriber’s power receiving devices to electrical networks and is 5 kW.

Electrical power standard for a private house - Handyman's Guide

The main indicator calculated in a private home electrical project is the total power consumption. Having ordered an electrical project, the owner of a private house will definitely receive a power consumption figure that will be indicated in it.

But it is often useful to understand the estimated power consumption even before ordering a project, at the “kilowatt” purchasing stage. A preliminary calculation will help you decide on the amount of power to purchase (if there are various offers), as well as intelligently approach your needs in terms of energy consumption.

Sometimes it is more profitable to abandon some energy consumers than to pay for extra kilowatts.

The basis for calculating the total power consumption of a private home, performed during the electrical design, is the load of the final consumers of electricity. It is the data on the approximate electricity consumption of lighting elements, power equipment and household appliances used in your home that will make it possible to independently “estimate” the required kilowatts.

To independently calculate the required electrical power for your home, we provide the table “List of Electricity Consumers (approximate)” (Table No. 1).

The data presented in the table is based on our experience in designing power supply and lighting systems for private homes.

Being approximate, the given values ​​of power consumption quite accurately reflect their real values, since they are taken from the technical data sheets for the corresponding equipment.

Table 1. List of electricity consumers (indicative)

In addition to the data given in Table 1, the calculation will also require a demand coefficient, the value of which is clearly defined by regulatory documents and is shown in Table No. 2.

Table 2. Demand factors (according to standards)

┌────────────────────┬─────┬─────┬──────┬─────┬─────┬─────┬─────────────┐

│Declared power,│up to 14│ 20 │ 30 │ 40 │ 50 │ 60 │ 70 and more │

│ kW │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

├────────────────────┼─────┼─────┼──────┼─────┼─────┼─────┼─────────────┤

│Demand coefficient │ 0.8 │0.65 │ 0.6 │0.55 │ 0.5 │0.48 │ 0.45 │

└────────────────────┴─────┴─────┴──────┴─────┴─────┴─────┴─────────────┘

Example: if the sum of your consumers is 32.8 kW, then according to table No. 1 the demand coefficient will be equal to 0.6. Multiplying 32.8 kW by 0.6, we get an approximate value of power consumption (per house) of 19.68 kW.

You can later use the resulting estimate of the power consumption of your home to adjust the value of the purchased power, or your needs, if the allocated power is less than the obtained value.

Electricity standards for a private home - Master of both hands

After purchasing a home on the secondary real estate market, first of all, new owners, as a rule, change the wiring.

In the process, it turns out that replacing the input circuit breaker is not so simple.

If to install a model of the same type it is enough to call the electricians of the company providing the services, then to connect an AV with a large rated current, you need to submit an application so that the allocated electrical power is increased. Detailed information on this issue is provided below.

Calculation of the total power consumption of the load in the house

Calculation of the total power consumed by the load is necessary to find out whether there will be enough power to supply existing electrical appliances with electricity and connect new consumers in the future.

The power consumed by the entire load is calculated as the sum of the power consumption of all devices turned on at the same time. To do this, you need to find out the maximum active power of each consumer, taking into account its starting currents. It is indicated on the “nameplate” or in the data sheet of the device and is measured in W.

You can also find the designation of power consumption in volt-amperes (VA). But this is not the same meaning. Active power is measured in watts (denoted by the letter “P”), and in volt-amperes - total power (denoted by the letter “S”). To calculate the maximum load, you will need exactly the value in W. To convert VA to W, you need to use an online calculator or the formula: P = S x cos(φ), where cos(φ) is the power factor (if it is unknown, then the average value is usually taken, which is equal to 0.8).

After calculating the total load power consumption, it is necessary to add a reserve that takes into account a possible increase in the number of consumers in the future. As a rule, another 20-30% of the maximum load is added.

Settlements with RSO

Separate accounting of the energy supplied to each of the operating households is carried out. Such volumes are indicated separately when purchasing resources. The parties are obliged to exchange any information provided for in current legislation. The main thing is that the price of resources is calculated taking into account current tariffs.

Video about how much electricity household appliances consume:

Share this post

Discussion: there is 1 comment

1. Valentina says: 01/11/2020 at 20:59
   Mom is a labor veteran, and she is provided with electricity benefits exactly from the norm, that is, they pay compensation from the amount that she would have paid according to the norm, but she pays less than the norm according to the meter. This results in good savings, so the standards are already being applied in some cases. Regarding the fact that expenses above the norm are paid at a more expensive rate, I think it is correct. We need to save, and maybe in this way people will become more thrifty.

   Answer

Selection of the “Calm” voltage stabilizer model for home protection

So, having data on the allocated power, you can easily select a suitable voltage stabilizer model to protect the entire electrical system in the house.

When choosing a stabilizer model for centralized connection of electrical appliances, you need to pay attention to its technical capabilities. For example, it is important that the device has terminal blocks through which it can be easily connected to the mains.

The design should also be taken into account. If the stabilizer will be installed next to the electrical panel, then it must be able to be wall mounted. The noise level is important when installing the device in a residential area.

Selection according to the nominal value of the introductory machine

Stabilizer for single-phase network

For example, a 220 V network with a permissible output power of 5.5 kW is installed in a house with a 25 A input circuit breaker installed. In this case, wall-mounted IS7000 voltage stabilizer models with an output power of 7000 VA / 5000 W or IS1106RT for floor or rack installation are ideal with output power 6 kVA / 5.4 kW.

Stabilizer for three-phase network

Another example. A three-phase network of 380 V for 15 kW was installed in a private house. In this case, each phase accounts for 5 kW. Accordingly, three 25 A single-phase circuit breakers are installed in the electrical panel. In this case, there are several options to protect the entire electrical system of the house.

Selection depending on the total load power

You can also select the necessary voltage stabilizer model for centralized home protection based on the total power consumption of the load that is currently connected or planned in the future.

For example, in a house with a 220 V network, the following single-phase electrical appliances are installed, to which a voltage stabilizer must be connected:

To this amount it is necessary to add a 30 percent margin (6200 x 1.3), since when the mains voltage drops, the output power of the stabilizer will decrease, which can lead to its overload and switching to bypass mode. Therefore, the required output power of the stabilizer will be at least 8000 W.

If you choose from the line of inverter voltage stabilizers of the InStab series, then single-phase models are well suited for this example:

• IS10000 10 kVA/9 kW for wall installation;
• IS10000RT 10 kVA/9 kW for floor or rack mounting.

Tariffs in Moscow for apartments and houses with electric stoves and electric heating systems

How many kilowatts are allocated for an apartment?

You bought an apartment and don’t know how much power is allocated . We decided to increase the comfort in an old apartment, make repairs and add more consumers (warm floors, air conditioners, dryer, oven, etc.), but only 5 kilowatts were allocated in the apartment, how to get more power?

If there is enough power, then you can use the required number of electrical appliances without fear of problems, failures, or the machine being knocked out.

Tariffs in Moscow for apartments and houses in rural areas

Single-tariff metering using a single-rate tariff for the population and equivalent categories of consumers in Moscow for 2022

Two-tariff metering using a tariff differentiated by day zones for the population and equivalent categories of consumers in Moscow for 2022

Multi-tariff metering using a tariff differentiated by day zones for the population and equivalent categories of consumers in Moscow for 2022

The allocated power for the apartment is unknown, how can I find out?

Method 1. View the nominal value of the installed machine near the meter (not the most accurate method)

See what circuit breakers (circuit breakers) are located near the meter. Based on the rating of the machine, you can determine the allocated power and the number of phases.

For example, if we see a single-pole or two-pole circuit breaker, it means there is only one phase. The numbers will tell you the allocated power:

Two-pole circuit breaker with a rating of 32 amperes

• C16 - means 16 amperes, multiply 16A by 230 volts, we get 3680 watts, total 3.6 kilowatts. Typically, such power was allocated in apartments of the 50s, equipped with a gas stove.
• C25 - means 25 amps, multiply 25A by 230 volts, we get 5750 watts, total 5.7 kilowatts.
• C32 - means 32 amps, multiply 32A by 230 volts, we get 7360 watts, total 7.3 kilowatts.
• C50 means 50 amps, multiply 50A by 230 volts, we get 11,500 watts, total 11.5 kilowatts.
• C63 - means 63 amps, multiply 63A by 230 volts, we get 14490 watts, total 14.5 kilowatts.

If the circuit breaker is three or four pole, then the network is three-phase , then you can safely multiply the value calculated above for a single-phase network by 3.

Three-pole circuit breaker with a rating of 25 amperes

For example, a three-phase C25 circuit breaker will withstand a power of 17.1 kilowatts, but this is the maximum power, not the allocated power, and usually for a C25 circuit breaker the allocated power is exactly 15 kilowatts .

As you can see, determining the allocated power using a circuit breaker is not the most accurate method .

Then how to find out the exact number? Agreement with energy sales?

Method 2. View the power specified in the electricity supply contract.

What is an electricity supply agreement?

An electricity supply agreement is a formal agreement with an energy retailer , under which the electricity supply company undertakes to provide electricity to the consumer.

What to do if you don’t have a power supply contract in your hands?

You must contact Energy Sales (the company responsible for providing electricity) at your address and request this agreement.

Sample energy supply agreement

Tariffs in Moscow for apartments and houses with electric stoves without electric heating systems

How to get more power if not enough is allocated?

Many homeowners in apartment buildings are faced with the need to increase power . Typically, such needs arise after installing electric heated floors, a powerful air conditioning system or an electric stove. As a rule, apartments need a power increase of up to 15 kW.

Increasing the power of an electrical installation requires the consumer to perform actions specified by the legislation of the Russian Federation:

• preparation of relevant documentation
• obtaining technical specifications
• electrical project development
• carrying out the appropriate amount of electrical work

List of documents that will be needed to allocate power

• certificate of ownership
• documents that confirm the availability of previously allocated capacity, as well as its current volume;
• act confirming connection to electrical networks;
• acts of delimitation drawn up during the previous annexation;

Sequence of the procedure

1. Submitting a corresponding application to the representative office of the electric grid organization.
2. Concluding an agreement for connecting the missing capacity.
3. Obtaining technical specifications for electricity (technical specifications are developed and issued to the applicant by representatives of the network company).
4. Development and approval of a new electrical project.
5. Carrying out work provided for by technical specifications.
6. Actual power connection , which consists of performing a list of electrical installation works.

Of course, you can resolve issues related to registration of additional capacity yourself. But the services of specialized organizations are guaranteed to save you time and nerves.

Allocation of additional electrical power

To request additional electricity capacity, you must contact the network organization with a request. The algorithm is quite simple:

• To write an application.
• If the decision is positive, the network authority sends technical conditions to the consumer.
• A project is being prepared in accordance with the technical specifications. What needs to be done, replaced, installed for the system to be operational and safe.
• The project is coordinated with the network organization.
• The necessary systems and components are being installed. For example, replacing wiring, input circuit breaker, etc.
• Next, commissioning is required. To check the functionality of the system.
• Specialists draw up a protocol on the work performed.
• The package of documents is sent to the network authority.

On average, the required power rarely exceeds 15 kW. Payment within these limits is carried out according to tariffs for ordinary consumers. Everything above is calculated at the rate for legal entities.

Platonov Igor

1. Find out the permissible power per apartment

you can use a counter, for example, using the formula:

P = U x Imax x 0.8;

where U is the network voltage, I is the network current, 0.8 is the correction factor, P is the permissible power for the apartment.

In ordinary apartments U=220 volts, the maximum current value depends on the meter and is indicated on it, for example:

The permissible maximum current value is circled in red on the meter, in this case I = 32 amperes.

Substituting the values ​​into the formula, we get 220 x 32 x 0.8 = 5632 watts, that is, 5.632 kW. If the meter allows a maximum current of 40 amperes, then we get 220 x 40 x 0.8 = 7040 watts, that is, 7.04 kW.

You can also apply for a certificate about the power of an object (apartment, cottage, etc.) from the energy provider company. The service is paid, depending on the region. A certificate, for example, from Mosenergosbyt, depending on the type of object, costs 1.3-3.1 thousand rubles.

2. Meters are placed depending on the category of housing stock

. Housing stock of the 2nd category (standard) has two electrification standards:

- from 5 to 7 kilowatts is the norm for a private house or apartment where gas stoves are installed; - from 8 to 11 kW - for objects where there is an electric stove.

The least amount of power falls on a small-sized apartment and a house built under the social housing program.

3. If you are purchasing an electrical appliance

, then you must know how much energy it consumes, so that, taking into account the power of all your devices, you do not end up in a situation where traffic jams occur or the electricity automatically turns off.

Here are the characteristics of some devices.

Household Appliances Power(W)

Electric stove 1100-6000 Hairdryer 450-2000 Iron 600-2000 Heater 1000-2400 Vacuum cleaner 400-2000 TV 100-400 Washing machine 1000-3000 Refrigerator 150-2000 Computer 400-750 Kettle 1000 -3000 Fan 750-1700 Tools Hammer 600-1400 Drill 400-800 Circular saw 750-1600 Hay mower 750-2500 Jigsaw 250-700 Circulating saw 1800-2100 Sander 650-2200 Household equipment Compressor 750-2800 Water pump 500-900 Air conditioner 1000-300 0 Fan 750-1700 Gas boiler 40-1000 Electric boiler control 1000

4.How many kilowatts can the wiring in the apartment withstand?

Under ideal conditions, a standard copper

with a cross section of 2.5 mm2 can withstand a load of 5.9 kW,
made of aluminum
- 4.4 kW.

In working conditions, aluminum conductors of old houses

with a cross-section of 2.5 mm2 can withstand 3.5 kW at a current of 16 A. APPVs of 6 mm2 do not burn out at a load of 5.5 kW and a current of 25 A. Wires with a cross-section of 4 mm2 will withstand 4.4 kW at a current of 25 A.

According to the rules of the PUE, a three-core copper wire with a cross-section of 1.5 mm2 must withstand a maximum permissible load of 5.9 kW. 4 mm2 cable – 8.3 kW with a current of 28 A. Conductor with a cross-section of 6 mm2 with a current of 46 A – 10.1 kW.

5. What are the dangers of excess power?

Excessive power leads to both accidents (wire burnout, fires) and sanctions from the provider company.

- ignoring the notification after 10 days - turning off the power supply to the facility; - connection bypassing the line - charging a fine, recalculating the power according to the maximum indicator from the moment of inspection, connecting to the general network at the expense of the violator; - non-contractual use - fine for lack of agreement, recalculation according to the normal power indicator.

Messages about sanctions will be sent to the client using one of the forms above.

Power control when connecting individuals up to 15 kW

Preface

This is an article about abuse by individuals obtaining at a preferential rate connection to electric networks with a capacity of 15 kW and bypassing this threshold[1]. Since the issue requires clearer regulatory and judicial regulation, I hope it will be forgiven to present some points in a simplified form.

Why the fuss

Let's say you are an energy engineer and 10 gardeners come to you, united in SNT with the intention of peacefully growing salad, feeding your grandchildren fresh berries and frying kebabs. All of them are far from energy as such and want to get a magical connection to electricity, which will make it possible to consume electricity in the required quantity (Part 3 of Article 541 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) and with the proper quality (Part 1 of Article 542 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation). They are willing to pay 550 rubles each for connection (clause 17 of the PTP).

What should you do next as an energy drinker?

First, you must find half a kilometer (clause 17 of the PTP) of cable and about 9 supports, a transformer substation with a capacity of 160 kW (10 people, 15 kW each + a small reserve[2]) that steps down from 10 kV to 0.4 kV. By the way, a transformer substation does not take into account land registration, foundation, delivery, installation, etc. at the moment, according to advertising offers, it costs about 100 thousand rubles, despite the fact that you will receive only 5.5 thousand rubles, which periodically makes you want to increase it by 100500 136 times and the words “fee for connecting to electrical networks “You pronounce it nothing more than “rate for ink”[3].

Secondly, you must understand that a transformer substation and line, even such a small one, after construction and design, requires maintenance and sometimes even major repairs. You need a person who will inspect it, paint it, and probably fill it with something (for example, if you have an oil transformer). In general, it’s almost like a car that seems to be under warranty, but requires maintenance once a year. The larger the equipment, the more complex it is, as a rule, and the more money it requires for its maintenance (but less per unit of useful product with adequate loading). You need to spend money on this every year and include it somewhere in the tariff, which is like Moscow.

Let’s say that you, like a great energy engineer, allocated money from your general investment nest egg and built everything. Then things usually get interesting. For example, a local municipality is expanding, SNT falls into a promising development zone, and cottages begin to grow instead of country houses. Or some enterprising grandson, instead of frying barbecue, starts cooking cars using electric arc welding. Or the chairman of the SNT council sells common areas for plots to another 10 gardeners. Well, in general, anything can happen - electric stoves, water heaters and boilers... [4] We are not like that - life is like that.

By the way, what is the electrical power in our newly purchased transformer? This is a special product. In a simple physical sense, in relation to energy, this is the speed of something. The power of a power plant is its ability to generate a specified amount of electricity in a certain amount of time. The power of a transformer is its ability to “process” a specified amount of electricity from one voltage level (current, etc.) to another.

So, we come to the conclusion that instead of 150 kW of installed substation power, the total demanded power of our SNT begins to be 200, 250, 300 kW... What happens if the power is exceeded? With a slight excess, approximately the same thing happens as in some apartments, if you turn on the water somewhere higher up the pipe while taking a shower - in our case, consumers experience a drop in voltage. If this happens strongly, as a rule, in the electric power industry, either something starts to heat up more than it should, much more than it should, or something breaks.

By the way, due to the physics of the phenomenon, problems begin not only among those who consume 30-50 kW instead of 15 kW, but even mostly among those who adhere to the norm. Then there are usually the standard effects - scandals, intrigues, demands on energy workers to ensure quality and the ability to consume as much as they want...

Here we are faced with a classic conflict. Law-abiding citizens feel bad, and not even because their resource (power) was taken from them, but because in general the quality of what they consume was spoiled. It’s bad for economically active citizens, because they have to pay for increasing power (after all, in the end they’ll have to buy a substation of 250, 320 or more kW), but if you can consume more and not pay, then why pay? It’s bad for power engineers because, knowing about this situation, they can immediately install a 320 kW substation and incur the costs of its maintenance and major repairs, as well as replacement in a couple of decades, while SNT, meanwhile, is not implementing the investment plan, but the costs still go where -something will need to be turned on, since the substation will stand and function, but they will not be allowed.

Thus, we have a problem - poor power supply and unnecessary costs, as well as the cause of this problem - the consumption of power in excess of that allocated and paid for by individual consumers.

Peace enforcement

The simplest, most understandable and fair solution seems to be to not allow those who paid and joined 15 kW to consume more than this value. Currently, technically, it can be implemented by disconnecting the consumer when the specified power value is exceeded. In practice, it is implemented either in the form of separate devices (for example, OM - power limiter) or, for example, in metering devices. A separate holivar issue is its implementation through the use of protection devices, such as circuit breakers[5].

It’s funny that, for example, in Japan, a household consumer usually has an electrical panel installed with one common input circuit breaker, the nominal value of which is used to determine the amount of payment for electricity (i.e., they actually have a two-rate tariff for the population with rates for power and for the amount of electricity consumed according to metering device). So that consumers do not get confused, they are marked with colors, for example, a 10-amp breaker is red; accordingly, on the receipt you can often see the corresponding colored circle and a fixed payment amount. The largest “household” 60A machine will result in a monthly TEPCO bill of ¥ 1,684.8 (approximately RUB 1,086.75 at the time of writing). Also funny are the FAQ items about this, done with traditional Japanese deep politeness, where the question looks like, for example, “One of the small, black circuit breaker switches keeps breaking the circuit. If I increase ampere capacity will it stop doing this?” and, as it were, hints that the consumer already knows the correct solution (although it is correctly recommended to call specialists to eliminate malfunctions).

But we, of course, have our own, especially spiritual path.

In paragraphs And clause 35 of the PPKU definitively enshrines the ban on exceeding the maximum power by household consumers: The consumer does not have the right to use household machines (devices, equipment) whose connection power exceeds the maximum permissible loads calculated by the contractor based on the technical characteristics of in-house [6] engineering systems and brought to consumer information.

In accordance with paragraphs. In clause 25 (1) of the PTP, in the technical conditions for applicants provided for in clauses 12.1 and 14 of these Rules, the following must be indicated: requirements for electrical energy (power) metering devices, relay protection devices and devices that provide control of the maximum power value.

It is interesting that if, for example, the requirements for metering devices are specified in clause 26 of the PTP, clause 138 of the OPFRREE (accuracy class 2.0, corresponding to metrological requirements), the requirements for relay protection devices, for example, in clause 1.5.36 of the PUE (For For the safe installation and replacement of meters in networks with voltages up to 380 V, it must be possible to turn off the meter by switching devices or fuses installed at a distance of no more than 10 m.), then the requirements for devices that provide control of the maximum power value are not generally specified anywhere.

At the same time, it seems like a logical conclusion that the absence of specific requirements should not lead to the conclusion that they do not exist, and the relevant departments understand this.

For example, the FAS notes that the requirement for a maximum power control device (not current) is legitimate. The territorial bodies of the FAS partially accept this position (for example, the Resolution of the Krasnodar OFAS Russia dated October 1, 2019 in case No. 023/04/9.21-1058/2019 On the termination of proceedings in the case of an administrative offense, although Rostov persists). The Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation, as far as one can judge, adheres to a similar position (Appeal ruling of the St. Petersburg City Court dated May 11, 2017 No. 33-7128/2017 in case No. 2-672/2017).

As far as follows from practice, the following requirements have been developed for these devices:

— the maximum power control function must be directly indicated in the passport (this is on the topic of circuit breakers, for which such a function is not provided in the passport);

— without specifying specific brands or names;

- without any distribution of the permissible load across phases (i.e. you can choose 15 kW from at least 1 phase).

At the same time, for some reason in judicial practice there are such logical chains as “there are requirements, but there are no specifications, which means there are no requirements” with the above-mentioned shifting of problems from a sore head to a healthy one (Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the North Caucasus District dated 05.03 .2020 N F08-751/2020 in case N A53-27684/2019) or generally incredible “the network organization must keep records of reserved power, which means it must also monitor the maximum power used by the consumer” (Resolution of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Far Eastern District dated July 15, 2014 N F03-2659/2014 in case No. A73-13795/2013). The position of specialized federal executive authorities also sometimes remains unattended (Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the East Siberian District dated April 10, 2019 N F02-942/2019 in case N A19-18946/2018).

It seems that there is a need for a clear statement by the EC of the RF Armed Forces on this matter.

Punishment

Let us separately consider the issue of consequences. Most of all, of course, is the question of whether consumption can be limited when the maximum power is exceeded.

In accordance with paragraphs. B clause 2 of the Rules for introducing restrictions as amended by the Government of the Russian Federation No. 624[7], the basis for introducing restrictions is the consumer’s violation of its obligations, expressed in the following actions: violation of the characteristics of the technological connection specified in the documents on technological connection (including exceeding the maximum power of the consumer's power receiving device) caused by the consumer connecting power-consuming equipment to his power-receiving devices and (or) electric power facilities or changing the operating mode of the connected power-consuming equipment by the consumer. Features of the process are reflected in clause 23 of the same rules, and require notification, except for cases where the corresponding restriction on the consumption mode in accordance with paragraph three of this paragraph is introduced immediately upon receipt by the contractor (sub-executor) of notification of the need to introduce a restriction on the consumption mode or immediately upon identification of the relevant circumstances.

In accordance with paragraphs. G. 115 PPKU, the Contractor limits or suspends the provision of utility services without prior notice to the consumer in the event that the consumer uses household machines (devices, equipment), the connection power of which exceeds the maximum permissible loads calculated by the contractor based on the technical characteristics of in-house engineering systems and brought to the attention of consumers - from the moment the violation is detected. In this case, no prior notice to the consumer is provided (as in clause 117).

On the one hand, the existing norms, if interpreted correctly, are sufficient.

On the other hand, in view of the piquancy of the situation and the reasons for the appearance of the above logical chains in the courts, it would be good to state the issue of the operation of automation more clearly in the acts (directly for the very best).

But the funniest thing, of course, is in the pun shown at the very beginning - exceeding the maximum power due to deterioration of power supply parameters and subsequent equipment failure often entails restrictions on the power supply in itself. And this can only be combated by monitoring such excesses, taking them into account in calculations and introducing restrictions.

In conclusion, we can say that the problem of installing maximum power control devices will gradually go away with the replacement of the instrumentation with IMS. pp. D clause 11 of the Rules, approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 19, 2022 No. 890 provides for the transfer of values ​​of the maximum and minimum actual active, reactive and apparent power at the point of delivery as functional requirements, and paragraphs. In clause 9 - complete and (or) partial limitation of the mode of consumption of electrical energy (suspension or restriction of the provision of public services), as well as the resumption of the supply of electrical energy.

[1] Not that the issue is not relevant for other categories, but it is much easier to work with industrial consumers on a targeted basis.

[2] May my colleagues forgive me for the size of this reserve, and for indicating the power in kW, and not kVA.

[3] This means that 550 rubles is enough for ink to write the papers “technical conditions” and “technological connection agreement”.

[4] [4] At this point, by the way, it is interesting to trace the “standard” power per apartment that rises from Soviet times and the struggle of developers with these standards.

[5] Maybe some of the readers still understand their “predecessors”, which, under a heavy load, for example, a short circuit, “knocked out” - automatic threaded fuses or electric ceramic fuses with fuses (plugs). The mechanism of action is generally similar.

[6] The topic of the formulations of PPKU and their application to private households is a separate issue.

[7] Not that before this the maximum power was not a characteristic of the technological connection, but nevertheless.

The concept of permissible electrical power for an apartment and ways to increase it

Based on para. 7 clause 2 of Rule No. 861, the maximum installed electrical power is the largest amount of power that can be allocated by the electricity provider. It is measured in kilowatts, taken into account by common house and apartment appliances, and paid according to the established tariff. But in some cases, the power is not enough, and consumers begin to think about increasing it through legal means.

1. What is “dedicated power” of electricity?
2. What are the dangers of exceeding the permitted power?
3. Rules and regulations
4. How to find out how much power is allocated
5. Calculation of required power
6. How many kilowatts can the wiring in the apartment withstand?
7. How to increase allocated power
8. For individuals
9. For legal entities and companies

How much does 1 kW of electricity cost according to the meter in 2022?

The general regulator of tariffs in the Russian Federation is the state, and in each specific case the rates are set by regional authorities. We hasten to announce that in 2022. The government made a gift to the population and divided the tariff increase into two stages, thereby reducing the financial burden for the population. The first increase will be on January 1, 2019 by 1.7% and from July 1, 2022 the second increase in tariff rates by 2.4%.

It is also important that the social norm has a clear link to the number of residents who are officially registered and live in a given living space. Now subscribers will have to not only calculate the amount of payment for electricity by multiplying the consumed kWh. at the current tariff, but also to calculate, based on the number of registered residents, which part of the electricity is included in the social norm, and which already exceeds it.

What is “dedicated power” of electricity?

The allocated power is the maximum permissible load on the consumer network

The permitted energy power in an apartment is the maximum amount that a consumer can use at a time. The maximum load on the consumer network is always specified in the electricity supply contract.

To fully understand the issue of permissible power, it is worth understanding its types. Today there is power:

• connected - the sum of the power indicators of all electrical equipment connected to the network;
• installed - indicated in the documentation for the equipment and provides for the functioning of the devices in normal mode;
• one-time - determined based on calculations of the power consumption of devices for a specific period of time;
• temporary or permitted - the maximum indicator that the energy supply company provides to the user.

The regulation of relations between electricity providers and consumers was approved by the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation on January 19, 2002.

How much is spent on average in a one-room apartment per day, per month and per year?

To do this, let's make a list of possible power consumers and their approximate operating time:

In a conventional one-room apartment:

• There are three 0.1 kWh light bulbs, one for lighting the room, the second for the kitchen, the third for the bathroom, they alternately work for a total of 5 hours.
• There is a refrigerator that consumes 0.1 kWh and runs around the clock.
• A widescreen LED TV consumes 0.15 kWh and operates for 4 hours during the specified period.
• The electric kettle consumes 2.1 kWh and is turned on six times a day for 5 minutes.

Heating and water heating for hygienic purposes in the house are provided by gas; clothes are washed by hand.

Let's calculate the total amount of energy consumed:

• Average electricity consumption per day. In total, the approximate electricity consumption per day is 4.55 kW.
• Approximate electricity consumption in the apartment per month. About 4.55*30=136.5 kW will be consumed per month.
• Annual electricity consumption. The total annual consumption will be 1660.75 kW.

These data are averaged, each family has its own electrical equipment, its own way of saving or wasting electricity, and at different times of the year the daylight hours are shorter or longer. But a general understanding can be obtained based on such a calculation.

Read more about how electricity consumption is calculated here.

What are the dangers of exceeding the permitted power?

Example of a consumer notice

Based on Government Decree of the Russian Federation No. 624, if the maximum load is exceeded, the electric company has the right to limit the consumer’s access to the power grid. The reason is non-compliance with obligations under the electricity supply contract.

In case of accidents or during work on the power line, Energosbyt employees take measurements. In cases where inaccuracies are identified, they send notifications. The user must take measures to eliminate excess power within 10 days. The degree of his responsibility is determined by the violation:

• ignoring the notification after 10 days – turning off the power supply to the facility;
• connection bypassing the line - charging a fine, recalculating the power according to the maximum indicator from the moment of inspection, connecting to the public network at the expense of the violator;
• non-contractual use – fine for lack of agreement, recalculation based on normal power indicator.

The basis for termination of sanctions is documentary evidence of the adoption of measures. However, UOMPE, CCD and PZR devices are installed on the user line.

The act of non-registration is drawn up in the presence of 2 witnesses, with photos and video recording of the process.

Tariffs in Moscow for apartments and houses without electric stoves with electric heating systems

Rules and regulations

Seal on the introductory machine

Electrification of residential, administrative, and industrial facilities is carried out on the basis of the specifications of the provider organization. One of the clauses of the contract specifies how much power will be allocated to the consumer network. The basis for declaring power and forming technical specifications are calculations.

Electrical connection to residential and public buildings is carried out in accordance with SP 31-110-2003 and temporary instructions RM 2696-01. The documents state that the allocated electrical power for houses that consume electricity of the 1st category is not standardized. Objects are connected based on requests.

Housing stock of the 2nd category has two electrification standards:

• from 5 to 7 kilowatts is the norm for a private house or apartment where gas stoves are installed;
• from 8 to 11 kW - for objects where there is an electric stove.

The least amount of power falls on a small-sized apartment and a house built under the social housing program.

Currently, the standards from 2006 are in effect. In buildings before this period, the power output is much lower.

Tariffs in Moscow for apartments and houses with gas stoves

How to find out how much power is allocated

Operating current parameters

You can find out reliably how many kilowatts there are per apartment with a gas or electric stove in this way:

• Contact your energy provider for help. The service is paid, depending on the region. A certificate from Mosenergosbyt, for example, depending on the type of object, costs 1.3-3.1 thousand rubles.
• Find the data in the electricity supply contract or technical specifications.

Independent calculations are made based on the parameters of the input protection device. The user needs to know the operating current and then perform mathematical calculations. For example, the operating current indicator is 32 A. To calculate the maximum load limit, the formula is used: P max = U x I nom x 0.8; where U is the rated network voltage. That is, 230 x 32 x 0.8 ≈ 5.5 kW.

Calculations based on meter readings are not always correct due to the built-in load relay.

Big waste: what causes it and how to reduce it?

As a rule, high energy consumption occurs due to irrational use of utilities. In almost any situation, you can slightly (and sometimes significantly) reduce the meter readings with the help of trivial but reasonable savings.

1. The first thing that will save kilowatts very significantly is the installation of energy-saving lamps. Conventional light bulbs are the main energy consumer after the refrigerator in most families. Therefore, even the high price of purchasing energy-saving light bulbs, especially considering their long service life, is a wise investment.
2. The second method is the simplest control over switched on but not used electricity consumers. Often, many people simply forget to turn off the lights, but the meter continues to work.
3. Using the advantages of a two-tariff electric meter, for example, washing at a “cheaper” time, heating the apartment with a heated floor exclusively at night, etc., will provide significant savings.
4. When purchasing new electrical equipment, you need to look at the energy consumption class and strive for class “A”, which will also reduce energy consumption.
5. If your budget allows, you can purchase “smart home” devices that can turn off and on consumption sources according to a pre-configured program, minimizing the burned kilowatts.

If you have the opportunity to spend a small amount of time - from an hour to a day, depending on the chosen accounting method, calculate the consumption parameters and compare the resulting figure with friends living in a similar apartment, you will be able to roughly understand how high or low your level of electricity consumption is. But in any case, consumption can almost always be reduced by saving your own money.

Calculation of required power

Calculations are made if it is necessary to determine whether the allocated volume is sufficient. The maximum load is calculated as the sum of all devices turned on at the same time. If the registration certificate is lost or the sticker on the equipment is worn out, you should refer to the data in the table.

Having calculated the amount of consumption, you need to indicate a reserve when the load increases. The devices will consume 20-30% more than the calculated value. The sum of the two indicators is the final result. If the estimated power is lower than declared, you can apply for an additional 1-3 kW.

Tariffs in the Moscow region for apartments and houses with gas stoves

How many kilowatts can the wiring in the apartment withstand?

Cable power table depending on cross-section

Under ideal conditions, a standard copper conductor with a cross-section of 2.5 mm2 can withstand a load of 5.9 kW, and an aluminum conductor - 4.4 kW.

Under operating conditions, aluminum conductors of old houses with a cross-section of 2.5 mm2 can withstand 3.5 kW at a current of 16 A. APPVs of 6 mm2 do not burn out at a load of 5.5 kW and a current of 25 A. Wires with a cross-section of 4 mm2 will withstand 4, 4 kW at current 25 A.

According to the rules of the PUE, a three-core copper wire with a cross-section of 1.5 mm2 must withstand a maximum permissible load of 5.9 kW. 4 mm2 cable – 8.3 kW with a current of 28 A. Conductor with a cross-section of 6 mm2 with a current of 46 A – 10.1 kW.

What is the maximum amperage for sockets?

Most often, modern 220V home sockets are designed for a maximum current of 10 or 16 Amps. Some manufacturers claim that their sockets can withstand 25 Amps, but there are very few such models.

Old, Soviet sockets, which are still found in our apartments, are generally designed for only 6 Amperes.

The maximum that you can find in a standard typical apartment is a power outlet for an electric stove or hob, which can withstand current up to 32 Amperes.

These are manufacturer-guaranteed indicators of the current strength that the socket will withstand and not be destroyed. These characteristics are necessarily indicated either on the socket body or on its mechanism.

When choosing electrical installation products, keep in mind that, for example, a 16 Ampere outlet will withstand about 3.5 kilowatts of power, and a 10 Ampere outlet will only handle 2.2 Kilowatts. Below is a table of the maximum power of connected equipment for outlets, depending on the number of amperes for which they are designed.

Most often, all household electrical equipment that is plugged into standard 220V sockets does not exceed 3.5 kW in power; more powerful devices have different connectors for connection or are supplied without an electrical plug, designed to be connected to terminals or to electrical plugs for power sockets .

I advise you to always choose sockets designed for a current of 16 Amps or more - they are more reliable. After all, most often electrical wiring in apartments is laid with copper cable with a core cross-section of 2.5 mm2. and place the machine on 16 Ampere sockets. Therefore, if you choose an outlet rated for 10 Amperes and connect a large load to it, the automatic protection will not work, and the outlet will begin to heat up and melt, which may cause a fire.

If you still have questions about the characteristics of sockets or their choice, be sure to write, I will try to help. In addition, any criticism, additions, opinions are welcome - write.

Our modern society cannot imagine its life without electricity. It is firmly rooted in the daily and industrial life of a person in the twenty-first century.

Electricity is used not only to illuminate streets, residential buildings and other premises. Today, electricity is needed to power the telephone, computer, TV and many other household appliances in our homes, which make the life of a modern person much easier.

Many home owners use electricity for heating, although this is not the cheapest type of heating, it is quite reliable and easy to use.

Like people in the past, modern society cannot exist without electricity. Every year, scientists are developing new technologies that require power. Of course, today electric current is used more widely than before. But after several decades, its consumption will increase several times. So, for example, if 10 years ago 1.5 - 2 kW of electricity was enough for a house or apartment, today this figure has increased to 15 kW, almost 10 times.

Let's try to figure out how many kilowatts a home currently needs.

How to increase allocated power

The power of electricity in an apartment or private house can be increased based on new technical conditions. The document is valid for 2 years. It states:

• new permitted power indicators;
• voltage parameters – 380 or 220 V;
• environmental standards;
• ways to control the consumption and conservation of electricity.

Features of treatment for individuals and legal organizations vary.

For individuals

Fragment of a standard act of delineation of book value

Additional power must be installed in stages:

1. Collection of documents - a certificate or agreement on real estate ownership, a certificate with current power parameters, an agreement with an energy supplier, an act of shared operational responsibility.
2. Implementation of a building electrification scheme.
3. Agreeing with the provider company on the possibility of increasing power.
4. Signing of the project at Energonadzor.
5. Inspection – The power plant is inspected and tested.
6. Drawing up a report and approval for increasing the power load. The first document is prepared by an employee of the energy company, the second by a representative of Energonadzor.

All documents are sent to the supplier company, which makes the final decision.

For legal entities and companies

The sequence of the procedure is similar to the algorithm for private users. Only the documents differ. An ordinary citizen presents a passport, and a legal entity presents constituent papers. They are certified with a wet round seal and the signature of an authorized person.

If the technical connection papers do not contain information about the maximum power parameters or they were lost, the network enterprise has the right to re-register. It is implemented on the basis of a consumer application in the form established by the organization. The electricity supplier, according to Regulation No. 861, should not expand the list of documents and request additional data.

Determination of maximum power when re-issuing technical connection documents

The legislation provides the following mechanism for its determination. 1. The consumer and the network organization can specify the maximum power value by agreement of the parties. Naturally, in this case, the network organization will be interested in underestimating the maximum power for the consumer in order to later make money on technical connections. So, I don't recommend this method.

The most important question when re-issuing documents on technical connection in order to indicate the maximum power is the value of this maximum power, which the network organization must reflect in the re-issued acts of delimitation of balance sheet ownership and operational responsibility of the parties.

In order not to calculate the tangent, you can use the following formula: kW=kVA*X where X is equal to: 0.94 - for connection points with voltage less than 6 kV; 0.93 - for connection points with voltage 6 kV and above; 0.89 - for connection points with voltage 110 kV and above.

2. If the available documents on technical connection indicate the power value in MVA, the maximum power in kW is determined as the product of the value in MVA and the ratio of active and reactive power (tangent). Moreover, if this coefficient corresponds to the technical connection documents, it is taken equal to: 0.35 - for connection points with a voltage of less than 6 kV; 0.4 - for connection points with voltage 6 kV and above; 0.5 - for connection points with voltage 110 kV and above.

How much electricity does an apartment consume on average?

To begin with, it is important to calculate the required amount of power to power a private home. For this purpose, find out the power of household appliances that are most often used. The obtained parameters are summed up, calculated coefficients are applied and the required amount of required power is obtained. It is impossible to carry out electrical installation work in your electrical panel without obtaining the appropriate documents - any steps must be agreed upon with the relevant organizations in the electrical power industry:

This is called Pust - installed power, i.e. sum of kW of all consumers. In this case, more than 5 kW is already needed, which means that the allocated power of 3 kW is simply not enough. To reduce current consumption at the same power, it is worth switching to a 3-phase network. This will make it possible to distribute consumers into three phases. And a powerful load (more than 5 kW) cannot be connected in one phase, this is prohibited by the PUE (and a modern electric stove can consume 9 kW).

We will not dwell in more detail on the preparation of documentation for connecting the power supply; this is a separate topic. Our task is to determine the materials and devices for external installation work, which, although they are an intermediate stage in the connection, are the most important, since they are related to human safety.

• Electrical wiring is installed only in accordance with regulated PUE standards.
• Electricity supply to an apartment or a detached residential building is carried out from networks with a voltage of 220/380 V.
• The maximum permitted power in a private house is calculated by the future resident and has no restrictions unless the local administration has established its own standards.

More serious consequences may arise if, in addition to violating the amount of allocated energy, an accusation of uncontrolled electricity consumption is brought forward. The basis for this will be the removal of seals from the input machine. You can get more detailed information about the consequences of uncontrolled electricity consumption, electricity metering rules, etc. on our website.

You may be interested in:: Benefits and allowances for large families in 2022 in Kaluga