Choosing a PVC pipe for electrical wiring: which is better and why, table of sizes and diameters, installation details

Metal tube in electrical engineering

Metal pipes for electrical wiring are used quite often. In many cases, this is the only possible option for laying the wire. But sometimes such protection is used unnecessarily or incorrectly. Therefore, we decided to explain the conditions and scope of application of metal and non-metal pipes for electrical wiring.

Scope of use

Open laying of cables and wires on the surface of walls and ceilings, behind false walls and inside plasterboard partitions and behind suspended ceilings in accordance with regulatory documents is not allowed. In such cases, electrical wiring should be additionally insulated and protected from mechanical damage, exposure to aggressive environments, ultraviolet radiation, and precipitation. The most versatile and practical way to insulate and protect wires is to use pipes. The variety of their types helps you choose the necessary pipe for any situation that arises during the construction and renovation of your home.

But the favorite of all types of pipes for electrical wiring are PVC products - durable, non-conductive, non-flammable, aesthetic, and easy to install.

Scope of application of PVC pipes:

• Installation of electrical wiring indoors and outdoors, underground.
• Installation of telephone lines.
• Installation of telecommunication cables, fiber optic communications.
• Installation of alarm systems, including fire alarm systems.
• Installation of all kinds of local communication systems, computer networks, etc.

Conclusion

As you can see, electrical pipes for indoor and outdoor electrical wiring come in a wide range of different types of pipes.

©Elesant.ru

More articles

• The importance of calculating cable cross-section
• Recessed ceiling LED lights
• Cable channels of open wiring in residential and office premises
• NUM cable, description, application
• Flexible power cable KG: description, characteristics, purpose
• What cable trays are used in electrical installations?
• Terminal blocks for DIN rail: classification, photo
• Distribution box: description, types and types of distribution (junction) boxes
• Mounting boxes for electrical installation: classification and types
• Electrical trays: description, use, regulatory documents

Characteristics of electrical PVC pipes

Polyvinyl chloride as a material for pipes used for laying wires is an almost ideal material:

• PVC does not conduct electricity.
• Does not spark, does not support combustion - protected wires can be laid over structures made of flammable materials.
• If necessary, the wires can be sealed inside the pipe.
• Pipes can be straight and strong, or flexible and corrugated.
• To install pipe systems, many fittings, boxes, components, connections, and brackets are produced - there is no need to reinvent the wheel during installation.
• Pipes are light in weight, easy to cut, and easy to install.

Important nuances of grounding

Protective grounding performs a safety function in the event of human contact with electric current.

Its impact is manifested as follows:

• at 0.6-1.5 thousand µA the effect of electricity on the human body is felt;
• at 2-4 thousand μA, fingers tremble;
• at 5-7 thousand μA, the hands cramp;
• at 10-15 thousand µA without outside help it is almost impossible to release the hand with the conductor;
• at 20-25 thousand μA, severe pain appears, breathing is difficult, and it is impossible to take your hands off the wire;
• at 50-80 thousand μA, paralysis of the respiratory system occurs, and disruptions in the functioning of the heart are observed.

Currently, when performing electrical wiring, it is imperative to use a device designed for protective shutdown. It is triggered almost instantly in the event of an unauthorized current leak. There are several types of grounding systems - TT; IT; TN-S; TN-C;TN-CS.

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:

• Durability - the first products have already worked for more than 50 years and are approaching 60 (although the service life of the wires is half as long).
• Low cost.
• Non-flammability is especially important for electrical networks; PVC also has self-extinguishing property.
• Easy installation - easy to cut, there are many types of connecting elements; there is no need for complex expensive equipment for installation.
• No corrosion.
• Strength and at the same time high impact strength - pipes resist mechanical damage well; Products are not fragile and can be restored after deformation.
• Frost resistance - withstands freezing and thawing and returns to its original shape.
• Flexibility - plastic is easy to bend when heated even with your hands, corrugation generally bends easily;
• Harmless to humans and animals.
• Chemical inertness, resistance to acids and alkalis;
• Smooth walls make it easier to tighten wires;
• No need for regular maintenance (cleaning, anti-corrosion, environmental friendliness - fairly harmless production, easy disposal.
• Aesthetic qualities.
• Easy care - the stainless steel surface is easy to wash and remove dirt.
• Light weight and lack of fragility facilitate transportation and storage.
• Polyvinyl chloride is UV resistant.

Flaws:

• Low heat resistance of polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride - their operating temperatures are practically limited to 60 ° C. However, such temperatures practically never occur when laying wires in a residential building (only near heating systems).
• Fragility in the cold.
• The strength of plastic is still lower than that of metal.

Advantages of PVC pipes over metal ones

The most significant drawback of common steel pipes is their susceptibility to corrosion. Pipes made of copper and stainless steel do not rust, but their price for installing wiring under normal conditions is simply unacceptable. Yes, steel pipes are more expensive than PVC pipes.

The second advantage of PVC is its light weight and easy installation - PVC is easy to cut, weighs less, and is easier to attach to walls and ceilings.

The third advantage is that PVC does not conduct electricity. Fourth, PVC systems do not require grounding.

Regulatory documents

Characteristics of copper decorative pipe and additional elements for electrical wiring

The technology of electrical installation work is regulated by a unified set of building codes and regulations, which are mandatory for any organization, production or department.

The following provisions serve as regulatory documents:

1. PUE (edition No. 7) - rules for the design of electrical installations for new and reconstructed buildings with equipment operating at voltages up to 500 kW.
2. SNiP (2.08.01–89, 2.09.04–87) – regulations that prescribe general provisions, design standards, installation and work acceptance rules.
3. PTB (153–34.0–03.150) – safety rules when carrying out electrical installation and debugging work.

The production of steel electrical pipes is regulated by GOST No. 10704–91, 10706–76 and the international standard CEI EN No. 50086–1. GOST contains a complete list of characteristics and technical requirements for the product.

The technical and operational characteristics of rigid smooth PVC pipes are regulated by the interstate standard adopted in 2014 - GOST 32126.1–2013. The old GOST 50827–95 is no longer valid.

Requirements for PVC pipes for wiring

PVC pipes used for laying electrical networks must have the following qualities:

• Sufficient strength.
• Durability.
• Extinction upon fire.
• Chemical inertness.

GOST standards

In the production of polyvinyl chloride pipes, the following GOST standards are used:

• GOST 32415-2013 Pressure pipes made of thermoplastics and connecting parts for them for water supply and heating systems. General technical conditions.
• GOST R 54475-2011 Polymer pipes with a structured wall and fittings for them for external sewage systems. Technical conditions.

Special standards for PVC pipes used for laying electrical systems have not been developed.

Types and range of polyvinyl chloride pipes (and not only)

In practice, PVC pipes for laying electrical networks are divided into two types: smooth and corrugated. In addition, it should be noted that steel and copper pipes and products made from other types of plastic: low-density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene are used for electrical installation work. High-density polyethylene is not usually used: it is more expensive, too flexible for smooth pipes and too hard and inflexible compared to corrugated pipes.

Smooth

Smooth pipes have a constant cross-section along their length and wall thickness. Thick walls provide the greatest strength among PVC pipes. For electrical installation work, pipes with an outer diameter of 10 to 50 mm, very rarely 63 mm, are used. But installing such structures is not always convenient, and flexible corrugated hoses are often used.

Smooth-walled products are supplied in lengths from 4 to 12 m with a multiplicity of 0.25 m. Typically, lengths of 3, 6, 12 m are found. Length 12 m is usually for diameters 50 and 63 mm.

PVC products are usually painted gray. For their installation, all kinds of distribution boxes, couplings, angles, tees, clips are used, and for large diameters - metal clamps. Couplings are usually used in rooms with high humidity.

Corrugated

A corrugated pipe is a flexible pipe that has a structurally variable cross-section along its length and a textured surface. Thanks to this, it bends easily, but retains its strength under numerous cycles of compression, stretching and bending. The starting material (sheet) is bent at a certain equal distance; the pipe manufacturing technology is a little more complicated. This processing of the source material helps to increase the strength of the material and increases the resistance to deformation during bending. Plastic corrugations can be single-layer or double-layer, reinforced with steel wire.

Corrugated hoses for electrical installation work are made of steel and plastics, copper, rubber and some other materials.

The division of corrugated hoses into types depending on strength is given in the table:

Table 1

Plastic corrugations are usually painted in different colors: PVC in gray, polyethylene in black, polypropylene in blue. Double-layer corrugation for laying in the ground is often painted red or red-orange. There are no strict requirements for painting corrugations, but there is an international standard for painting plastic corrugations depending on the purpose of the cable or wire. White products are used for computer networks, green - for telephones, red - for outdoor installation. Gray and black (and brown) corrugations are intended for general purpose wires.

When carrying out work in an unfamiliar building, these international painting standards should be kept in mind, but it should be borne in mind that the electricians during installation may not have followed generally accepted rules, but simply “cobbled together from what was available.”

Be careful! The diameters of corrugated hoses for electrical wiring range from 16 to 50 mm, rarely with a large cross-section.

Metal corrugation for electrical installation work is divided into the following types:

• RZ-Ts, RZ-TsKh, RZ-TsA – made of galvanized steel;
• RZ-SL and RZ-SL-X - made of tinned steel tape (tin plate with tin coating);
• RZ-TsP – with PVC insulation.

The letter “X” in the first two options indicates the presence of a cotton seal, and the “A” indicates an asbestos-cement seal. The "P" in the latter type of corrugation indicates the outer layer of PVC. Also, metal hoses for wires exist with flanges at the ends and welded ends. Plus, there are corrugated hoses in explosion-proof versions and for high pressure. This corrugation is used in industry.

Conventional metal hoses are made from steel tape. It is wound in a spiral; such a sleeve is not airtight. When pressed hard, the tape strips move apart and the hose simply falls apart. The metal hose is suitable for installing electrical networks on a wooden base and outdoors in the open air - its non-flammability and resistance to ultraviolet radiation will come in handy.

For tightness, a metal corrugated hose with an inner tube made of PVC or coated with PVC is produced. In this case, the layer seals the contents of the sleeve well. There are also stainless steel corrugations. Sealed corrugations are used in wet rooms (bathrooms, bathhouses) for safety.

Hard

All smooth-walled pipes are rigid. Hard covers are needed when pouring communications into concrete - walls or screed, sometimes when laying through a wall or when laying wires in industrial premises or warehouses.

Steel

Steel pipes are also used to protect electrical cables and wires. Despite their disadvantages, they are much more durable than plastic. At home, such protection for wires is rarely needed, but when installed in production, in public buildings, in apartment buildings, boxes with reliable protection for cables can come in handy. Steel will cost much more than plastic.

Wiring using stainless steel is very rarely used. It is expensive. If you need a compact case (the minimum outer diameter of stainless steel products is 9.8 mm), or it is very important to protect the wires with a durable stainless case.

Plastic

It is impossible not to mention other types of plastic pipes - polypropylene and low-density polyethylene. Smooth-walled products are often used from polyethylene, and corrugated and ordinary tubes are used from polypropylene. The strength of these plastics is lower than that of PVC; They are not resistant to ultraviolet radiation, so they are usually used for indoor installation work.

Copper

Copper conduits for laying wires are a great idea, but very expensive. The quality and durability of copper products is beyond praise - they can last a hundred years (but wires will not last that long). A wide variety of fittings are available for them; connecting the pipeline will not be a problem. This type of installation has not become widespread due to the high cost of copper and products made from it. In addition, it should be taken into account that the length of wires in any room and the house as a whole is much greater than the heating or water supply systems.

Sometimes copper is used as a decorative element in the design of a room. The range of copper tubes includes very small diameters, and they are sometimes used where compact protection is needed for fine wiring - for example, in lamps, decorative lighting or lighting systems.

Nowadays, decorative open installation of electrical networks from copper pipes and boxes is becoming fashionable. At the height of fashion are artificially aged copper products for retro interiors.

uPVC

Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U, vinyl plastic) does not contain plasticizers and has greater strength than plasticized ones. Actually, pipes are made from unplasticized polyvinyl chloride. It is this type of PVC that is non-flammable and self-extinguishing.

Advantages of metal cable channels

The main advantages of metal channels for electrical wiring are:

• reliability;
• wear resistance;
• practicality;
• variety of solutions;
• stability of parameters;
• UV resistance;
• resistance to low/high temperatures.

The resistance of metal pipes to damage allows them to be laid openly without additional protection

Metal cable channels are able to provide stable protection of wiring from moisture, rodents, mechanical stress and temperature changes. They can be used for a long time, especially if covered with a protective layer. Such pipes do not require special maintenance.

Note! A wide variety of lengths, diameters, visual parameters and other characteristics of metal products makes it easy to select channels for electrical wiring that meet all the wishes of the consumer.

Metal pipes do not change size and shape if the operating rules are observed, they are suitable for both hidden (internal) and open (external) wiring, and can also be used in unheated rooms.

Why do you need corrugation?

Corrugation is a fairly flexible and long tube. Its main advantage is that it can be bent many times without the help of components and with minimal labor costs.

Due to its design, the corrugation is quite compact and at the same time quite resistant to mechanical damage.

Using long tubes allows you to save on connecting elements and even seal the wire inside the corrugation.

Modern technologies for finishing rooms with plasterboard and suspended ceilings require laying communications in covers, while at the same time, corrugation is very easy to place behind a false wall or ceiling without extra costs for fittings. The corrugation can be easily fixed to the frame of suspended ceilings and plasterboard sheathing - this significantly saves effort, and the corrugation is simply irreplaceable for such installation.

A corrugated hose is also indispensable when laying wires and cables in the ground - the corrugated hose is not afraid of small soil subsidence, a long tube can be easily sealed and protect the cable from soil moisture.

Tips for choosing pipes for installation in different conditions

The most important parameter taken into account when choosing a method for protecting electrical wiring is the location: indoors on the wall, behind a suspended ceiling, plasterboard false wall; at a height of up to 2 m, at the level of the floor or baseboard, above 2 m; in a damp room, in the open air or in the ground. The second parameter is the required degree of protection, which directly depends on the location of the electrical networks.

For laying wires and cables outdoors, smooth and corrugated steel pipelines are often used. They are somewhat stronger than PVC structures. In addition, although PVC is considered resistant to ultraviolet radiation, PVC corrugation will not last very long under direct sunlight - 15-20 years. PVC pipe will last a little longer. But it all depends on the purpose of laying the wire and the potential service life of the entire structure - if it is a power cable, then it is laid reliably and for a long time, and if it is wiring to a lamp, then in 15-20 years the time will come to update both the lamp and the wiring.

It is advisable to ensure the tightness of laying wires outdoors - both for the safety of wires and insulation, and for the safety of pipes - when water freezes in them, they can break or become deformed. When using metal corrugation, you should choose a corrugation with an inner layer of plastic. It is advisable to coat the joints of pipes and hoses with boxes or fittings with sealant or seal them with sealants.

HDPE and polypropylene are not UV resistant, so they are not used outdoors. Although they will last 2-3 years, they are suitable for temporary installation of electrical networks.

Communications are laid in the ground using HDPE and double-layer PVC corrugation. The gasket in metal is almost a thing of the past due to the tendency of steel to corrosion.

Any type of casing for electrical wiring can be used indoors, taking into account the strength requirements.

To pour into screeds and concrete walls and floors, and to pass through walls, it is necessary to use strong, smooth steel or plastic pipes or reinforced heavy corrugation. Manufacturing and storage areas also require durable, smooth cable ducts. In public buildings, entrances and some other places, it will also be necessary to use smooth, durable pipes, based on considerations of human safety (or vandal resistance).

In wet rooms, a two-layer corrugation is used, which reliably seals the wires.

The thinnest and lightest corrugated hoses are used when laying electrical networks under wall and ceiling cladding, suspended ceilings, and in plasterboard partitions.

When laying open, the location of the wiring should be taken into account - if there is a possibility of damage by objects, bags, arms, legs and other parts of the body, you should choose either smooth pipes or durable corrugated pipes with a thick wall. This danger should be especially taken into account when laying the wire near the floor and above the baseboard, at hip height (0.8-1.2 m)

When purchasing corrugations, you should choose products with a probe (wire) for pulling the cable. The absence of a probe will complicate your work and raises doubts about the quality of the corrugated hose.

It is advisable to buy in large stores and hypermarkets. When purchasing, you should definitely ask for a receipt and a certificate, especially for plastic products. For internal wiring, the plastic must be self-extinguishing! If possible, it is advisable to buy a small piece of pipe and check it - try to set it on fire.

Dimensions and approximate prices

When choosing pipes, it is necessary to choose the correct diameter. For lighting networks, telephone or computer networks, a pipe with a diameter of 16 mm is sufficient. For supplying wires to switches and sockets, a diameter of 20 mm is suitable. For small cables (for example, for connecting powerful equipment in the kitchen), a diameter of 25 mm is suitable. It is better to lay power cables in pipes with a diameter of 25-50 mm.

Prices for PVC corrugation:

• Diameter 16 mm – from 4.7 to 9 rubles. and higher.
• Diameter 20 mm – from 6.5 to 11 rubles. and higher.
• Diameter 25 mm – from 10.8 to 18 rubles. and higher.

Prices for smooth PVC products:

• Diameter 16 mm – from 12 rub. and higher.
• Diameter 20 mm – from 18 rub. and higher.
• Diameter 25 mm – from 35 rub. and higher.

The price varies greatly among different manufacturers.

Corrugated pipes

On sale you can even find varieties of such pipes with very large sections that are laid in concrete or cement screed.

Recommended pipe sizes for various purposes are:

• for installation of switches and sockets – 20 mm;
• for installation of lighting elements – 16 mm;
• laying a line between the boxes and distribution panels - 25 mm;
• for making connections between floors – 40 mm.

Let us note the most significant advantages of corrugated pipes for home use:

• electrical wiring will be reliably protected from mechanical damage;
• possibility of quick installation without additional elements;
• non-flammability of the material - thanks to this, the risk of fire of wires is eliminated;
• high-quality insulation of electrical wires;
• the flexibility of the pipe allows you to create a line of any configuration, passing along the shortest path.

Rules for installing PVC pipes for electrical wiring with your own hands

Laying out an electrical network begins with a layout of sockets, automatic machines, lamps, switches, and connection points for stationary electrical equipment (stove, boiler, electric oven). All power supply lines must run either vertically or horizontally, at a distance of 20 cm from the ceiling, floor, door, and distribution boxes must be installed at branching points.

Regardless of the wiring installation method (behind a false wall, in grooves), there must be access to the boxes. Connecting wires is allowed only in junction boxes and under no circumstances inside the shell pipe.

When installing pipes for pouring into a screed or concrete wall, you must first securely secure the structure using metal clamps. When installing a pipeline in a groove in a brick wall, you can fix it with quick-setting plaster (alabaster) and then plaster it.

To install the pipe shell outdoors, metal clamps are used; inside the building, plastic clips are used.

During installation, any pipes must fit into the opening of boxes, sockets, switches; gaps between the box and the pipe are not allowed.

In damp rooms, outdoors and in the ground, sealed pipes are used for installing electrical wiring. At the joints of pipes and distribution boxes, special seals are used (you can additionally coat them with sealant, for example, silicone). When laying open communications in dry rooms, the use of seals is not necessary.

If the electrical wiring is installed near the heating system, then when crossing, the distance from the heating should be at least 5 cm, and if the pipes run parallel, then the distance should be at least 10 cm.

You cannot bend pipes with a small turning radius; when bending, you must comply with the standard radius and use a pipe bender or templates. There should be no cracks, folds, or creases at the bend site.

Required tools and materials

Tools required to perform work with corrugated hoses:

• Grinder with cutting disc.
• Hammer.
• Drill and screwdriver.
• Metal scissors.
• Construction knife.

Materials:

• Corrugated sleeve
• Clips or clamps.
• Dowels.
• Distribution boxes, boxes for sockets and switches.
• Electrical tape, scotch tape.
• Sealing gaskets, sealant.
• Perhaps a hard thin wire or a special broach.

Installation technology

The installation technology is quite simple:

• Cut the pipes or corrugation into pieces of the required length; when cutting the corrugation, you must ensure that the probe does not go inside the pipe.
• Securely attach the cable to the probe using tape or tape. The bent tip of the probe must be bitten off, otherwise when the cable is retracted it will damage the inner surface of the corrugation.
• Pull the cable into the tube. If several wires are pulled in, you need to tape them together several times with electrical tape.
• Mark the location of the cable in the casing and the places of fastenings.
• If necessary, punch a hole, secure the tube using clamps, clips, or alabaster. Fasteners must be installed at intervals of at least 50 cm and always near the boxes, at a distance of no more than 20 cm. The system can only be filled after the pipelines have been securely fastened.
• Mount boxes, tees, bends, connect to pipes, seal if necessary (install seals, lubricate with silicone).

Features of corrugated pipe installation

The corrugated pipe has very great flexibility - after installation it will sag slightly; it is necessary to frequently place clips or clamps. Do not tighten the corrugation too much during installation - this weakens its strength. When installing behind plasterboard or other facing materials, you cannot lay the corrugation obliquely - only vertically and horizontally. You can attach the corrugated hose to the frame structures for cladding. Do not lay corrugation through sharp corners on structures - it will quickly become damaged.

Application of metal pipe products

When metal pipes are used for electrical wiring, there may be difficulties associated with pulling the cable through them. This can be solved in several ways. The simplest of them is to insert a steel wire into the channel, attach a cable to its end and then pull it inside.

If the pipe is long, then you can place a ball in it, to which a strong ribbon or thread is tied. To make it easier to move, talc is used. A steel wire is attached to the end of the tape and the air compressor pipe is placed in the hole, after which the device is turned on. The ball moves under pressure along the channel and draws the tape or thread along with it. To cut the product, use a grinder or a hacksaw.

To lay electrical wiring to sockets and switches, choose products with a diameter of 20 millimeters, for lighting fixtures – 16 millimeters, 25 millimeters for connecting distribution or switchboards and boxes, and for interfloor connections – 40 millimeters. The length of the channels, as a rule, ranges from 3 to 5 meters.