Switch with shutdown timer: how it works and which type is better to choose

Modern technologies make it possible to turn on and off the power supply of various devices without physical effort. Automated power management systems are used in various fields - from household appliances and smart home software and hardware systems to complex industries. A switch with a shutdown timer allows you to automatically stop the supply of current to the device. Next, we will consider the principle of operation of these devices and consider their varieties.

Classification of switches

The market offers models from different manufacturers that differ in functionality. They are divided according to the method of control:

• keyboard type devices. To start their work, the user must click on the button. The shutdown will occur automatically after the end of the time period specified by the owner;
• gadgets with built-in sensors (motion, humidity, etc.). Their purpose is to control equipment indoors (residential and commercial) and outdoors (for example, to organize lighting in a park). They close the electrical circuit when an event is detected in the action field and open it according to a set timeout;
• with a clock mechanism and/or an events calendar. This type is often used in security systems where lighting equipment is required to turn on to create the effect of occupancy or raise an alarm. They are capable of starting/turning off by timer and operating in random mode.

Another classification is based on the degree of power autonomy:

• autonomous devices;
• entirely dependent on the external network.

Typically, smart switches require additional power supply. In the first case, they can operate on batteries, and in the second, only on mains power. At the same time, there are varieties where the program does not get lost after power failures (with non-volatile memory or mechanical timer), and reset settings. Batteries/accumulators of autonomous options can provide up to a day of operation.

Types of switched devices

All models of switches offered by numerous manufacturers differ in appearance, material of manufacture, capabilities and, as a result, price.

Moreover, the cost of one unit of goods is also influenced by brand recognition - Chinese devices stand out favorably against competitors. If you wish, you can choose a multifunctional device at a more than reasonable price.

The control method available to the user is one of the characteristics by which all products can be classified.

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Key type switches

Model equipped with remote control

Switches with adjustable light intensity

Time switch

The use of the latter is not limited to lighting - the devices can be configured to regulate any object that uses electric current for its functioning. These are fans, kettles, boilers and other household appliances. As well as air conditioning, water supply and heating systems.

In addition, devices are divided depending on the type of installation (hidden and external), connection of contacts in the mechanism (screw or plate), withstand voltage, degree of protection from dust and moisture.

Operating principle

All switching devices operate according to a single scheme: at the right moment specified by the owner, they connect the elements of the circuit or open it. In this case, for example, the lights in the room are turned off without the need to manually press a button.

To implement this function, the working mechanism is equipped with an analog or digital timer, time relay, built-in microcontrollers and other necessary parts. Thanks to them, it becomes possible to control light, ventilation and other controlled equipment.

According to the principles of closing and opening the circuit, devices are divided into the following categories:

• with a mechanical (analog) rotary or flip-type timer. Rotary ones are equipped with a rotating contact mechanism that releases current through the circuit in some positions of the rotating toggle switch. But changeover ones work according to a slightly different scheme - on a metal conductive plate and three pairs of contacts. The plate is thrown over one of the pairs and closes the circuit;
• with built-in electronic timer. The main element of such a gadget is a relay. When the user presses the button, the circuit is opened or connected and the relay is activated. The electronic switch can be programmed to perform certain actions according to the wishes of the owner and the capabilities of the device.

The timer can be controlled:

• microswitches, setting them to a certain position;
• turning the control wheel;
• using mechanical or touch buttons on the front panel;
• from a remote control, key fob or phone application.

The timer start/stop interval can be set in the range from several seconds to days and weeks. There are examples where you can set a schedule for a whole year in advance.

Connection diagrams

When carrying out installation, it is important to remember safety precautions. If you are not confident in your abilities, it is better to entrust the installation to professionals.

Network connection diagram

The touch switch is mounted in the same way as a regular one. Installation in 6 steps:

1. Power outage.
2. Removing the previous switch.
3. Removing the top panel from the product being installed.
4. Connecting wires to terminals.
5. Place the structure in the box and secure it.
6. Fixing the panel.

Activation project for pass-through touch switches

The connection type is similar to the method of connecting a touch switch. It is only important to correctly synchronize between devices.

Note. The switch operates correctly if synchronization is successful. If you do not make it, it works like a standard one.

To do this, you need to touch each switch, from 1 to the next. You need to stop at each for 4-5 seconds.

To cancel synchronization, you need to stop at the last switch for a while, after 10 seconds a sound notification will sound. It indicates the success of the completed task.

Connection diagram for pulse touch switches

The pulse device is in the “operation” mode when the button is pressed continuously. It is relevant for raising blinds and doorbells. Installation occurs according to the usual scheme.

Project for connecting touch switches with 12V current stabilizer

The starting current stabilizer and LED adapter must be located between the device and the switch. The circuit is relevant if the devices during operation consume a current many times greater than the rated value. This includes the hood motor.

Electronic and mechanical

An analog mechanical timer is the simplest type; such devices in one form or another have been used by mankind for many centuries. Modern versions usually consist of an analog knob, by rotating which the owner sets the shutdown time. The handle has a graduated scale that can indicate seconds, minutes, hours and days - the size of the scale depends on the specific device. The electricity will be supplied until the set time has elapsed, but after that it will turn off automatically.

The design of a mechanical relay is very simple, but not without its drawbacks:

• it is impossible to set the random operation mode;
• it is impossible to formulate complex and branched tasks;
• less accuracy in relation to electronic digital samples.

An electronic timer is a device with a logical chip that controls the behavior of the system and control elements with which the owner sets the program. As a rule, gadgets of this type are equipped with an LCD screen. Their features:

• the screen displays the status and settings of the device;
• the front panel contains functional control buttons;
• supports many options and setting operation algorithms;
• high accuracy thanks to digital timing (down to milliseconds);
• ability to create a schedule up to 365 days (depending on model).

Electronic options are very popular because they have flexible functionality, accuracy and multitasking. But they often require additional power, and the memory is not always non-volatile, which should be taken into account.

How the device works

The switch has 4 main components:

1. Frame.
2. Electronic board.
3. Protective panel.
4. Touch sensor.

Ingredients may vary slightly. It all depends on the chosen model, functionality, manufacturer and cost.

Advantages of light switch sensors

Advantages of the devices:

1. Safety. Not exposed to moisture or damage. They function when a command is given with wet hands. Children don't touch.
2. Versatility. Adapted for many electronic devices.
3. Simple installation, it can be done in place of the previous circuit breaker.
4. Reliability and durability. Longer service life than standard switch.
5. They do not create noise during operation.
6. Energy is saved.
7. Fills up little space.
8. Can be controlled remotely.
9. They look new.

The downside of the switch is its high cost. The price of one device starts from 900 rubles. You can make the sensor yourself and save, not only financially but also aesthetically.

Video: making a touch switch

Modifications and scope

Devices with timers are widely used in industry and everyday life. They help control a wide variety of devices and processes occurring in electrical networks. They can be found in factory workshops, apartments, residential private houses, and so on. Switches vary in operating principles, characteristics and design. Let's look at some common varieties.

Time relay

This is the simplest type of switch - the user sets the required interval (or indicates it on the built-in clock), after which, when a given point on the time scale is reached, it turns off or performs another action. There are both the simplest mechanical and electronic reference systems (for example, those that control multicookers, microwave ovens and other household appliances), as well as complex electronic ones with many functions and the ability to set branched program algorithms.

Timer watchdog

This timer switch helps protect your premises from unauthorized entry. When activated in a room left unattended for a long time by the owners, it begins to imitate the visual presence of the residents. The “watchman” program from time to time in a random (or specified by the owner) order turns on and off the lighting of the rooms. From the street you get the feeling that there is always someone at home.

Lighting controller with motion sensor

Such a light switch with a timer and motion sensor is very effective in residential buildings, for commercial real estate and for organizing street solutions. An infrared sensor as part of the complex detects movement events of moving people and sends appropriate commands to the relay that controls the lighting. A distinctive feature of such devices is their smooth switching, which extends the life of the lamps.

The touch lighting controller is equipped with a customizable sensor: its sensitivity is configured at the request of the owner. The activation period of the lighting devices is also adjustable, and the switch with a shutdown delay is able to withstand a certain timeout before supplying power to the lamps.

Button controllers

An electric push-button switch has a mechanical button and operates when pressed. After completing this action, the light will automatically turn on or go off after a set period. Some gadgets of this type are programmed for a day, others for a week or more. They are often installed in garages, basements, toilets and other rooms where this type of use is suitable.

Disabling ventilation systems

Any apartment or private house has a ventilation system. It is often supplemented with an active hood with a fan, the rational use of which may require additional control. For example, in the absence of people, a hood is not needed, but when they appear and the lights are turned on, it should turn on, work for a while and turn off (or stop working after people leave and the lights turn off). A system with a timer is useful for this.

Some versions of such complexes are also equipped with a humidity sensor, which helps monitor indoor air parameters.

Installation errors

Errors are excluded if the rules are followed:

1. It is necessary to turn off the power so that there is no short circuit, causing damage to the device.
2. The glass front panel is installed and removed when the mechanism is de-energized.
3. The front panel should not rest against the wall on one side. It should be parallel.
4. The front part must be mounted immediately after installation to prevent contamination.
5. Pressing the sensor cannot be done without the panel.
6. If construction dust appears on the sensor, wipe it off quickly.

What to choose

The first thing you should do to choose the right device with a timer is to clearly imagine what tasks it will need to perform. The type of device and its model will depend on this. For example, a simple mechanical controller is not suitable for setting a long schedule, and vice versa - an expensive electronic gadget is not needed for simple tasks.

It is important to understand that to implement some solutions you may need additional sensors, relays and other components. This is especially true for ecosystems such as “smart home”, where all elements are coordinated and work on the same network. Therefore, it is advisable to choose a modification with a maximum of already integrated necessary elements and ease of interfacing with external ones.

The next point is the installation location. This should also be taken into account. For example, a time controller installed in a bathroom or other wet room must have a moisture-resistant housing, and a system for outdoor installation needs protection from temperature changes, dust, rain and vandals.

In addition, the following factors are important:

• the desired method of controlling the timer - digital or mechanical;
• technical capabilities (voltage, current, etc.);
• type of installation of the device - on a rail, in a distribution box, socket or socket box.

If the choice is made from simple, inexpensive models, you need to determine the frequency of switching off the controlled devices. If it is necessary to repeat daily processes, modification with the ability to set a program for the day is sufficient. And when triggering is required on certain days of the week/month, an appropriate timer is also needed with the ability to set triggering according to a schedule. It is more functional, but also costs more.

In situations with the organization of complex automated control of several power lines of devices, one cannot do without a complex electronic multifunctional switch with support for several schedules and scenarios.

For a smart home

Recommendations for choosing an automated switch for a smart home system are generally similar, but there are several nuances.

Firstly, it is advisable to select an option that is compatible with the selected smart home ecosystem. This will avoid problems with integration, simplify the inclusion of the device in a common network and provide full functionality, including remote control, status monitoring, and so on.

Secondly, simple mechanical timers are of little use here. This requirement comes from the first: a “smart home” implies the integration of all components, while “mechanics” does not provide for this.

Equipping a smart home with “smart switches” significantly increases the comfort of residents and helps save natural resources. It also seriously improves security: for example, a set lighting inactivity timeout will allow you not to worry about lights or electrical appliances not being turned off. A “smart socket” with a built-in timer or a controller in a junction box will do this for people.

Choosing the optimal model

The main determining indicator for the full operation of a touch switching device is the characteristics of the electrical network. The required voltage of 220 V is not suitable for all models. There are options with a deviation of 20-30%.

Therefore, when choosing, you should pay attention to the threshold voltage values ​​indicated in the device characteristics. In case of significant deviations, it will be necessary to additionally install a stabilizer, through which the vibrations will be leveled

In order for the purchase of an electronic switch to meet all expectations and the device to significantly increase the level of comfort in the room, when choosing, you should take into account the necessary functionality that the device must have

To determine the appropriate model of a sensor product, it is necessary to take into account the priority capabilities that are necessary:

1. The number of groups of light bulbs connected to the regulator - there can be one, two or three.
2. Intensity. Some devices are additionally equipped with a dimmer, which changes the current supplied to the light bulbs.
3. Built-in timer. In walk-through models, an automatic shutdown timer is installed that operates after a specified time. These devices are mostly used for corridors and staircases.
4. Control method. It all depends solely on the preferences of the buyer. There are devices controlled by remote control, touch, sound, etc.

Having decided on the set of necessary functions, you should choose one of the presented manufacturers. The price category of devices is not cheap, therefore, when purchasing a low-cost product, you may encounter a low-quality analogue.

The Belgian brand Basalte is focused on luxury products. The Deseo model is the embodiment of multifunctionality and exquisite design. Almost all products have LED backlighting

The Belgian company Basalte produces high-quality touch control devices. The developments are focused on consumers with the highest demands.

Elite models are distinguished not only by their original design, but also by one of the highest price categories. Nevertheless, the cost is fully compensated by ease of use, the presence of various functions and simple adjustments.

Despite the fact that many buyers are biased towards Chinese products, Livolo was able to prove the quality characteristics of its products

Among the Chinese representatives, the company Livolo is noted. The main advantages of touch switches of this brand are the affordable cost of products and original design solutions for home improvement that can emphasize individuality.

At the same time, the range is not limited to technically simple models. It is also worth noting the constant replenishment of the assortment.

We also recommend reading our other material, where we talked in detail about how to assemble a touch switch yourself.

Examples of using

Let's look at some scenarios for using timers in real situations.

Lighting in the park, on the porch, in the house

Today this scheme is very popular. When organizing a lighting system in a park or square, a motion detector with a timer is installed in the circuit (usually infrared, as the simplest and most reliable).

When a person appears in its field of vision, the sensor is triggered and sends a signal to the relay that turns on the lights. At the same time, the time counter is activated, and when the specified interval has elapsed, the lamps go out (provided that the sensor does not detect new movement). This achieves two goals:

• energy savings;
• path lighting on demand.

Schemes are implemented in a similar way in residential and non-residential premises.

Automatic hood

This scenario has already been discussed above. A motion sensor is also used here. When people appear in its field of vision, it starts the exhaust system and freshens the air in the room. When people leave, a time relay turns off the device after a certain period.

Electronic locks

Many modern locking systems are equipped with a timer that closes the lock after a set period of inactivity.

Smart plugs

A socket with a built-in electronic time counter is capable of turning off the load connected to it according to a schedule or the results of monitoring energy consumption parameters. As already mentioned, this allows you to avoid troubles due to forgotten electrical appliances.

This is just a small list of examples of using timers - their scope is very wide.

Which time relay is better to buy

One of the main criteria for choosing such equipment is the permissible frequency of operation. There are daily and weekly time relays.

The first type has a simpler design and supports a small number of cycles for use within 24 hours. Weekly timers have flexible adjustment and large memory. They can be configured to change program mode daily.

The convenience of control is affected by the type of relay. Digital models are equipped with LCD displays and microprocessors - they are distinguished by high precision and switching speed.

Mechanical ones use synchronous or quartz drive technology. They are extremely easy to use and cost less than their electronic counterparts.

You should also determine the future operating conditions and the list of equipment on the network. This will help calculate the maximum AC power of the connected appliances. The indicator should not exceed the permissible value for the relay.

We advise you to pay attention to the specified protection class of the device. To select the optimal model, it is important to know what environmental factors will affect the device, predict the humidity level and temperature conditions.

When using the relay indoors, a protection class higher than IP20 is not required.

Not all time relays are compatible with household electrical appliances. We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the voltage of the device before purchasing. Many models on sale are designed to operate in circuits designed for 12, 42, 127 V, etc.

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Results

Touch switches are an excellent alternative to mechanical devices in the same direction. They are dictated by modernity: reliability, efficiency, durability, stunning appearance.

Now the beginner knows how to connect the touch switch. It's worth spending a little time to complete this task. But you can choose the easy way - purchase a finished product. There are many offers in this direction on the market. You can make the sensor yourself, then you can save a little.