The article discusses the procedure and standards for periodic and operational testing of high voltage indicators (UVN) from 1000 V, and low voltage indicators up to 1000 V (UNN).
- Terms of periodic testing of UNN
- Operational checks of UVN
Portable high and low voltage indicators that comply with GOST 20493-2001 are used as indicators to determine the presence or absence of electric current in various elements of the electrical circuit.
Checking low voltage indicators up to 1000 V
Single-pole and double-pole indicators, in addition to acceptance checks, must undergo periodic testing in a specialized electrical laboratory.
Low voltage indicator PIN 50-1000 V
The test period established by order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated June 30, 2003 N 261, Appendix 7 must be at least once a year.
Pointer tests are as follows:
- in determining the indication voltage;
- checking the circuit with increased voltage;
- measuring the current flowing through the indicator at the highest operating voltage;
- high voltage insulation testing.
To conduct periodic tests of voltage indicators, contact the electrical laboratory of the “METTATRON group” or leave a request at The email address is being protected from spambots. Javascript must be enabled in your browser to view the address.
When determining the indication voltage, the voltage from the test installation is applied directly to the tip contacts of bipolar indicators with a gradual increase. When checking single-pole ones, current is supplied to the contact of the end or side of the housing and to the contact tip. For indicators up to 1000 V, the indication voltage should not exceed 90 V.
To test insulation with increased voltage, the housings of bipolar indicators are wrapped in foil, and the connecting wire is lowered into a grounded metal container filled with water at a temperature of 25-40 °C. In this case, the water level should be below the pointer handles, at least 9-10 mm. One wire from the installation is connected to the tip contacts, the second, grounded, to the foil, followed by immersion in water.
Schematic diagram of connecting the test setup when checking the voltage indicator
- voltage indicator;
- test facility;
- bath with water;
- electrode.
Similarly, the handle insulation test for single-pole indicators is carried out. The handle is wrapped in foil along its entire length. It is necessary to maintain a distance of 1 (cm) between the foil and the electrode located at the end of the pointer. One lead from the test device is connected to the tip electrode. And the second, grounded, terminal is attached to the foil on the pointer body. Indicators are considered to have passed these tests if, for at least 60 seconds, the insulation of the handles withstood the voltage:
- for a pointer up to 500 V - test voltage 1000 V;
- for a pointer up to 1000 V - test voltage 2000 V.
The high voltage test consists of applying a voltage exceeding at least 10% of the working voltage between the tips for a double-pole indicator, and between the tip and the side or end contact for a single-pole indicator, for 60 seconds.
When measuring current at the highest operating voltage, a gradually raised voltage from 0 V to the operating voltage is supplied to the pointer tips. Current values are measured with an ammeter, which is connected in series with the pointer. Tested indicators are considered if the current values do not exceed:
- 0.6 mA for single-pole voltage indicator;
- 10 mA for a two-pole voltage indicator with elements, visual or visual-acoustic signal indication.
UVN tests from 1000 V
The main purpose of the indicators is to determine the presence or absence of voltage, including phasing, on the current-carrying elements of ground distribution installations and overhead lines. This device should be used strictly while wearing dielectric gloves.
The design of pointers of this type consists of:
- working part with a built-in gas-discharge or LED lamp, as well as acoustic indication;
- an insulating part, which is located between the working part and the handle;
- from a handle with a restrictive ring. Can be part of the insulation or a separate element.
High voltage indicator - UVN 6-10
Periodic tests of UVN, as well as UNN, must be carried out at least once a year. According to Order of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated June 30, 2003 N 261, Appendix 7.
The method of electrical testing of indicators from 1000 V consists of supplying high voltage current, separately to the working and insulating parts of the UVN. Also, the device indication voltage must be determined.
You can check the UVN in Moscow in our electrical laboratory or write to The email address is being protected from spambots. Javascript must be enabled in your browser to view the address.
When checking the working and indicator parts, apply voltage for at least 1 minute to the contact tip (probe) and the screw connector (the junction of the working and insulating parts). In cases where there is no connector, an electrode is attached to the boundary of the working and insulating parts to secure the terminal of the test transformer. The applied voltage depends on the operating voltage of the pointer:
- working part with a built-in gas-discharge or LED lamp, as well as acoustic indication;
- an insulating part, which is located between the working part and the handle;
- from a handle with a restrictive ring. Can be part of the insulation or a separate element.
| Test voltage | Pointer operating voltage |
| 12 kV | up to 10 kV |
| 17 kV | 15 kV |
| 24 kV | 20 kV |
| The working part is not tested | 35-220 kV |
To test the insulating part, current is supplied to the junction of the insulation and the working part, as well as to a pre-installed electrode fixed directly near the restrictive ring of the handle, on the side of the insulating part. The insulation must withstand 3 times the line voltage for electrical installations up to 110 kV. For installations over 110 kV - 3 times the phase voltage and higher, but not less than the values given in the table:
| Test voltage | Pointer operating voltage |
| 40 kV | up to 10 kV |
| 60 kV | 20 kV |
| 105 kV | from 20 to 35 kVV |
| 190 kV | 110 kV |
| 380 kV | from 110 to 220 kV |
For UVN and UNN tests that have passed, a stamp is placed indicating the operating voltage of the device and the date of the next test.
Electrical laboratory stamp confirming successful testing of personal protective equipment, the use of which depends on the voltage of the electrical installation
- Dielectric gloves - inspection and test timing
- Why do we test products for electrical strength?
- Phasing of power cables and distribution units (RU)
2.4. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE AND TESTING OF PROTECTION MEANS USED IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS
2.4. Voltage indicators
Purpose
2.4.1. Voltage indicators are designed to determine the presence or absence of voltage on live parts of electrical installations.
2.4.2. General technical requirements for voltage indicators are set out in the state standard.
Voltage indicators above 1000 V
Operating principle and design
2.4.3. Voltage indicators above 1000 V react to capacitive current flowing through the indicator when its working part is introduced into the electric field formed by live parts of electrical installations that are energized, and the “ground” and grounded structures of electrical installations.
2.4.4. The indicators must contain the main parts: working, indicator, insulating, and also a handle.
2.4.5. The working part contains elements that react to the presence of voltage on the controlled current-carrying parts.
The housings of the working parts of voltage indicators up to 20 kV inclusive must be made of electrical insulating materials with stable dielectric characteristics. The housings of the working parts of voltage indicators of 35 kV and above can be made of metal.
The working part may contain an electrode tip for direct contact with the controlled current-carrying parts and not contain an electrode tip (non-contact type indicators).
The indicator part, which can be combined with the working part, contains elements of light or combined (light and sound) indication. Gas-discharge lamps, LEDs or other indicators can be used as light indication elements. Light and sound signals must be reliably recognizable. The audio signal should have a frequency of 1 - 4 kHz and a chopping frequency of 2 - 4 Hz when indicating phase voltage. The sound signal level must be at least 70 dB at a distance of 1 m along the axis of the sound emitter.
The working part may also contain a body for its own serviceability monitoring. Control can be carried out by pressing a button or be automatic by periodically sending special control signals. In this case, it must be possible to fully check the serviceability of the electrical circuits of the working and indicator parts.
Working parts must not contain switching elements intended for turning on power or switching ranges.
2.4.6. The insulating part of the signs must be made of the materials specified in clause 2.1.2.
The insulating part can be composed of several links. To connect the links to each other, parts made of metal or insulating material can be used. It is permissible to use a telescopic design, but spontaneous folding must be prevented.
2.4.7. The handle can be one piece with the insulating part or be a separate link.
2.4.8. The design and weight of the signs must ensure that one person can operate them.
2.4.9. The electrical circuit and design of the indicator must ensure its operability without grounding the working part of the indicator, including when checking the absence of voltage, carried out from telescopic towers or from wooden and reinforced concrete supports of 6 - 10 kV overhead lines.
2.4.10. The minimum dimensions of the insulating parts and handles of voltage indicators above 1000 V are given in table. 2.4.
Table 2.4
MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OF INSULATING PARTS AND HANDLES FOR VOLTAGE INDICATORS ABOVE 1000 V
┌─────────────────────────┬────────────── ───────── ───────────────┐ │ Rated voltage │ Length, mm │ │ electrical installations, kV ├───────────── ──────┬─ ─────────────────┤ │ │ insulating part │ handle │ ├────────────── ────────── ─┼───────────────────┼──────────────────┤ │From 1 to 10 │ 230 │ 110 │ │More │ └────────────── ───────────┴───────────────────┴───────── ───────── ┘
2.4.11. The voltage indicator indication voltage should be no more than 25% of the rated voltage of the electrical installation.
For indicators without a built-in power supply with a pulse signal, the indication voltage is the voltage at which the signal interruption frequency is at least 0.7 Hz.
For indicators with a built-in power supply with a pulse signal, the indication voltage is the voltage at which the signal interruption frequency is at least 1 Hz.
For other indicators, the indication voltage is the voltage at which there are distinct light (light and sound) signals.
2.4.12. The time for the first signal to appear after touching a live part under voltage equal to 90% of the rated phase voltage should not exceed 1.5 s.
2.4.13. The working part of the indicator for a certain voltage should not respond to the influence of neighboring circuits of the same voltage, spaced from the working part at the distances indicated in the table. 2.5.
Table 2.5
DISTANCE TO THE CLOSEST WIRE OF THE NEIGHBORING CIRCUIT
┌─────────────────────────┬────────────── ───────── ───────────────┐ │ Rated voltage │Distance from the indicator to the nearest │ │ electrical installation, kV │ wires of the adjacent circuit, mm │ ├────── ────── ─────────────┼─────────────────────────── ───────── ──┤ │Above 1 to 6 │ 150 │ │Above 6 to 10 │ 220 │ │Above 10 to 35 │ 500 │ │110 │ 1500 │ │150 │ 1800 │ │220 │ 2500 │ └─────── ──────────────────┴────────────────────── ───────── ───────┘
Performance tests
2.4.14. During operation, mechanical tests of voltage indicators are not carried out.
2.4.15. Electrical tests of voltage indicators consist of testing the insulating part with increased voltage and determining the indication voltage.
Testing of the working part of voltage indicators up to 35 kV is carried out for indicators of this design, during operations with which the working part can cause a phase-to-phase short circuit or a phase-to-ground fault. The need to test the insulation of the working part is determined by the operating manuals.
For voltage indicators with a built-in power source, its condition is monitored and, if necessary, the batteries are recharged or the batteries are replaced.
2.4.16. When testing the insulation of the working part, voltage is applied between the tip electrode and the screw connector. If the indicator does not have a screw connector electrically connected to the indication elements, then an auxiliary electrode for connecting the test installation wire is installed at the boundary of the working part.
2.4.17. When testing the insulating part, voltage is applied between the element of its articulation with the working part (threaded element, connector, etc.) and a temporary electrode placed at the restrictive ring on the side of the insulating part.
2.4.18. The indication voltage of indicators with a gas-discharge indicator lamp is determined according to the same scheme by which the insulation of the working part is tested (clause 2.4.16).
When determining the indication voltage of other indicators that have an electrode tip, it is connected to the high-voltage terminal of the testing installation. When determining the indication voltage of indicators without a tip electrode, it is necessary to touch the end side of the working part (head) of the indicator to the high-voltage terminal of the test installation.
In both of the latter cases, the auxiliary electrode is not installed on the pointer and the grounding terminal of the test setup is not connected.
The voltage of the test installation smoothly rises from zero to the value at which the light signals begin to meet the requirements of clause 2.4.11.
2.4.19. The standards and frequency of electrical tests of indicators are given in Appendix 7.
Terms of use
2.4.20. Before you start working with the pointer, you need to check its serviceability.
The serviceability of indicators that do not have a built-in monitoring device is checked using special devices, which are small-sized sources of increased voltage, or by briefly touching the electrode-tip of the indicator to live parts that are known to be energized.
The serviceability of indicators with a built-in control unit is checked in accordance with the operating manuals.
2.4.21. When checking the absence of voltage, the time of direct contact of the working part of the indicator with the controlled current-carrying part must be at least 5 s (in the absence of a signal).
It should be remembered that although some types of voltage indicators can signal the presence of voltage at a distance from live parts, direct contact with them by the working part of the indicator is mandatory.
2.4.22. In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, the voltage indicator should be used with dielectric gloves.
Voltage indicators up to 1000 V
Purpose, principle of operation and design
2.4.23. General technical requirements for voltage indicators up to 1000 V are set out in the state standard.
2.4.24. In electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V, two types of indicators are used: double-pole and single-pole.
Bipolar indicators that operate when active current flows are designed for electrical installations of alternating and direct current.
Single-pole indicators operating when capacitive current flows are intended for electrical installations with alternating current only.
The use of two-pole indicators is preferable.
The use of test lamps to check the absence of voltage is not allowed.
2.4.25. Bipolar indicators consist of two housings made of electrical insulating material, containing elements that react to the presence of voltage on the controlled live parts, and elements of light and (or) sound indication. The housings are connected to each other by a flexible wire at least 1 m long. At the points of entry into the housings, the connecting wire must have shock-absorbing bushings or thickened insulation.
Case sizes are not standardized and are determined by ease of use.
Each body of a two-pole indicator must have a rigidly fixed tip electrode, the length of the non-insulated part of which should not exceed 7 mm, except for indicators for overhead lines, in which the length of the non-insulated part of the tip electrodes is determined by technical conditions.
2.4.26. A single-pole indicator has one housing made of electrical insulating material, which houses all elements of the indicator. In addition to the electrode tip that meets the requirements of clause 2.4.25, there must be an electrode on the end or side of the housing for contact with the operator’s hand.
The dimensions of the case are not standardized; they are determined by ease of use.
2.4.27. The indication voltage of the indicators should be no more than 50 V.
Indication of the presence of voltage can be stepped, supplied in the form of a digital signal, etc.
Light and sound signals may be continuous or intermittent and must be reliably recognizable.
For indicators with a pulse signal, the indication voltage is the voltage at which the interval between pulses does not exceed 1.0 s.
2.4.28. Voltage indicators up to 1000 V can also perform additional functions: checking the integrity of electrical circuits, identifying phase wires, determining polarity in DC circuits, etc. In this case, the pointers should not contain switching elements intended for switching operating modes.
Expanding the functionality of the indicator should not reduce the safety of operations to determine the presence or absence of voltage.
Performance tests
2.4.29. Electrical tests of voltage indicators up to 1000 V consist of testing the insulation, determining the indication voltage, checking the operation of the indicator at an increased test voltage, checking the current flowing through the indicator at the highest operating voltage of the indicator.
If necessary, the indication voltage in DC circuits is also checked, as well as the correct polarity indication.
The voltage gradually increases from zero, while the values of the indication voltage and the current flowing through the indicator at the highest operating voltage of the indicator are recorded, after which the indicator is turned on for 1 minute. maintained at an increased test voltage, exceeding the highest operating voltage of the pointer by 10%.
2.4.30. When testing indicators (except for insulation tests), the voltage from the test installation is applied between the tip electrodes (for double-pole indicators) or between the tip electrode and the electrode on the end or side of the housing (for single-pole indicators).
2.4.31. When testing the insulation of two-pole indicators, both housings are wrapped in foil, and the connecting wire is lowered into a vessel with water at a temperature of (25 +/- 15) °C so that the water covers the wire, not reaching the handles of the housings by 8 - 12 mm. One wire from the testing installation is connected to the electrode tips, the second, grounded, is connected to the foil and lowered into water (scheme version - Fig. 2.1).
———————————
Here and below, drawings are not shown.
For single-pole indicators, the body is wrapped in foil along the entire length to the limiting stop. A gap of at least 10 mm is left between the foil and the contact on the end (side) part of the housing. One wire from the test setup is connected to the tip electrode, the other to the foil.
2.4.32. The standards and frequency of operational tests of indicators are given in Appendix 7.
Terms of use
2.4.33. Before starting to work with the pointer, it is necessary to check its serviceability by briefly touching live parts that are known to be energized.
2.4.34. When checking the absence of voltage, the time of direct contact of the pointer with the controlled live parts must be at least 5 s.
2.4.35. When using single-pole indicators, contact must be ensured between the electrode on the end (side) part of the housing and the operator’s hand. The use of dielectric gloves is not allowed.
Testing of high voltage indicators
Such an index consists of the following parts:
- Handle, insulated over the entire surface, and restrictive ring;
- Working part with probe-electrode;
- Indicator part with shading skirt.
After a visual inspection, testing of voltage indicators above 1000V begins for insulation efficiency. The duration of exposure to high voltage currents (up to 380 kW) is 5 minutes for the insulating part, and one minute for the working part. The results of the tests performed are recorded in a protocol, which is issued to the customer. A tag with the date and time of inspection is affixed to the product.
The second part is checking the indication voltage. A voltage is applied to the electrode from the test transformer, which gradually increases. The indicator may be either HID or LED lamps and the test procedure will vary slightly.
Legislative framework of the Russian Federation
valid Editorial from 30.06.2003
detailed information
| Name of document | ORDER of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated June 30, 2003 N 261 “ON APPROVAL OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE APPLICATION AND TESTING OF PROTECTION MEANS USED IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS” |
| Document type | order, instruction, norms, list |
| Receiving authority | Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation |
| Document Number | 261 |
| Acceptance date | 01.01.1970 |
| Revision date | 30.06.2003 |
| Date of registration with the Ministry of Justice | 01.01.1970 |
| Status | valid |
| Publication |
|
| Navigator | Notes |
ORDER of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation dated June 30, 2003 N 261 “ON APPROVAL OF INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE APPLICATION AND TESTING OF PROTECTION MEANS USED IN ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS”
Voltage indicators up to 1000 V
Purpose, principle of operation and design
2.4.23. General technical requirements for voltage indicators up to 1000 V are set out in the state standard.
2.4.24. In electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V, two types of indicators are used: double-pole and single-pole.
Bipolar indicators that operate when active current flows are designed for electrical installations of alternating and direct current.
Single-pole indicators operating when capacitive current flows are intended for electrical installations with alternating current only.
The use of two-pole indicators is preferable.
The use of test lamps to check the absence of voltage is not allowed.
2.4.25. Bipolar indicators consist of two housings made of electrical insulating material, containing elements that react to the presence of voltage on the controlled live parts, and elements of light and (or) sound indication. The housings are connected to each other by a flexible wire at least 1 m long. At the points of entry into the housings, the connecting wire must have shock-absorbing bushings or thickened insulation.
Case sizes are not standardized and are determined by ease of use.
Each body of a two-pole indicator must have a rigidly fixed tip electrode, the length of the non-insulated part of which should not exceed 7 mm, except for indicators for overhead lines, in which the length of the non-insulated part of the tip electrodes is determined by technical conditions.
2.4.26. A single-pole indicator has one housing made of electrical insulating material, which houses all elements of the indicator. In addition to the electrode tip that meets the requirements of clause 2.4.25, there must be an electrode on the end or side of the housing for contact with the operator’s hand.
The dimensions of the case are not standardized; they are determined by ease of use.
2.4.27. The indication voltage of the indicators should be no more than 50 V.
Indication of the presence of voltage can be stepped, supplied in the form of a digital signal, etc.
Light and sound signals may be continuous or intermittent and must be reliably recognizable.
For indicators with a pulse signal, the indication voltage is the voltage at which the interval between pulses does not exceed 1.0 s.
2.4.28. Voltage indicators up to 1000 V can also perform additional functions: checking the integrity of electrical circuits, identifying phase wires, determining polarity in DC circuits, etc. In this case, the pointers should not contain switching elements intended for switching operating modes.
Expanding the functionality of the indicator should not reduce the safety of operations to determine the presence or absence of voltage.
Performance tests
2.4.29. Electrical tests of voltage indicators up to 1000 V consist of testing the insulation, determining the indication voltage, checking the operation of the indicator at an increased test voltage, checking the current flowing through the indicator at the highest operating voltage of the indicator.
If necessary, the indication voltage in DC circuits is also checked, as well as the correct polarity indication.
The voltage gradually increases from zero, while the values of the indication voltage and the current flowing through the indicator at the highest operating voltage of the indicator are recorded, after which the indicator is turned on for 1 minute. maintained at an increased test voltage, exceeding the highest operating voltage of the pointer by 10%.
2.4.30. When testing indicators (except for insulation tests), the voltage from the test installation is applied between the tip electrodes (for double-pole indicators) or between the tip electrode and the electrode on the end or side of the housing (for single-pole indicators).
2.4.31. When testing the insulation of two-pole indicators, both housings are wrapped in foil, and the connecting wire is lowered into a vessel with water at a temperature of (25 +/- 15) °C so that the water covers the wire, not reaching the handles of the housings by 8 - 12 mm. One wire from the testing installation is connected to the electrode tips, the second, grounded, is connected to the foil and lowered into water (scheme version - Fig. 2.1) <*>.
<*> Here and below, drawings are not given.
For single-pole indicators, the body is wrapped in foil along the entire length to the limiting stop. A gap of at least 10 mm is left between the foil and the contact on the end (side) part of the housing. One wire from the test setup is connected to the tip electrode, the other to the foil.
2.4.32. The standards and frequency of operational tests of indicators are given in Appendix 7.
Terms of use
2.4.33. Before starting to work with the pointer, it is necessary to check its serviceability by briefly touching live parts that are known to be energized.
2.4.34. When checking the absence of voltage, the time of direct contact of the pointer with the controlled live parts must be at least 5 s.
2.4.35. When using single-pole indicators, contact must be ensured between the electrode on the end (side) part of the housing and the operator’s hand. The use of dielectric gloves is not allowed.
Test prices
| Personal protective equipment | Up to 4 days | Urgent (1 day) | Periodicity |
| 235 rub. | 335 rub. | once every 12 months | |
| 235 rub. | 335 rub. | once every 12 months | |
| 235 rub. | 335 rub. | once every 12 months | |
| 235 rub. | 335 rub. | once every 12 months |
Testing of low voltage indicators
As part of testing, the engineer checks the following parameters:
- The insulation resistance of the housing is determined by the increased voltage that is applied to the instrument for one minute;
- Checking the current through the pointer;
- Indication voltage measurement.
Testing of voltage indicators up to 1000V begins with a visual inspection for mechanical damage to the housing and insulation. For two-pole models, foil is used to wind the housings with the connecting wire immersed in water. On single-pole models, the entire insulated part is wrapped with foil. One cable is directed to the lugs, and the other to the foil. If there are no breakdowns, the tool is allowed for further use.
Licenses and certificates
Timing of periodic tests and inspections of electrical protective equipment
| Protective means | Electrical installation voltage | Periodicity | |
| tests | examinations | ||
| Insulating rods | Up to 110 kV | Once every 24 months | Once every 12 months. |
| Measuring rods | Up to 110 kV | During the measurement season - once every 3 months, including before the start of the season, but at least once every 12 months. | Before use |
| Insulating pliers | Up to 1000 V | Once every 24 months | Once every 12 months. |
| Electrical clamps | From 660 V to 1000 V | Once every 12 months. | Once every 6 months |
| Voltage indicators up to 1000 V | Up to 660 V | Same | Same |
| Rubber dielectric gloves | Up to 1000 V | Once every 6 months | Before use |
| Rubber dielectric galoshes | Up to 1000 V | Once every 12 months. | Same |
| Rubber dielectric mats | Up to 1000 V | Once every 24 months | Once every 12 months. |
| Isolation stands | Up to 1000 V | — | Once every 36 months. |
| Fitting and assembly tools with insulating handles | Up to 1000 V | Once every 12 months. |
The procedure for maintaining electrical protective equipment is as follows.
Protective equipment in use and in stock is stored and transported under conditions that ensure their serviceability and suitability for use, therefore they must be protected from moisture, contamination and mechanical damage. Protective equipment is stored indoors. Rubber protective equipment in use is stored in special cabinets, on racks, in boxes separately from the tools. They must be protected from exposure to oils, gasoline and other substances that destroy rubber, as well as from direct exposure to sunlight and heat radiation from heating devices. Rubber protective equipment in stock is stored in a dry room at a temperature from 0 to +25 °C. Rods and clamps are stored in conditions that prevent their deflection and contact with walls; electrical clamps are stored in cases and covers. To store insulating protective equipment that is in the individual use of operational personnel, boxes, bags or covers are provided. Protective equipment that has passed the tests, except for plumbing tools with insulating handles and voltage indicators up to 1000V, is stamped with the number, expiration date and name of the laboratory that carried out the tests. On protective equipment deemed unsuitable, the stamp must be crossed out with red paint. The laboratory testing protective equipment is obliged to issue test reports to the customer. Registration of tools with insulating handles and voltage indicators up to 1000V is carried out in the logbook for recording and maintaining protective equipment according to their inventory numbers.
The general rules for using protective equipment are as follows:
electrical protective equipment is used for its intended purpose in electrical installations with a voltage no higher than that for which they are designed;
Basic insulating agents are designed for use in closed installations, and in open electrical installations and overhead lines they are used only in dry weather.
Insulating rods are designed for operational work, measurements (checking insulation, absence of voltage on live parts), replacing fuses. The insulating rod consists of three main parts - working, insulating and handle. The insulating part of the rod on the handle side must be limited by a ring or stop made of insulating material. When working with a rod, do not touch the insulating part behind the restrictive ring or stop. Insulating rods must only be factory-made and comply with GOST requirements.
Insulating pliers are used to replace fuses. They consist of working and insulating parts and a handle. the shape of the working part of the flares should ensure tight and reliable clamping of the fuses. To replace fuses of type PR-1, PR-2, PPN with currents of 15...60A, insulating clamps K-1000 should be used.
Electrical clamps are designed for measuring current and voltage in electrical circuits without violating their integrity. The pliers consist of a working part and a body, which is also an insulating part, with a stop and a handle. For measurements in electrical networks of industrial frequency current with voltage up to 600V, it is recommended to use electrical clamps Ts-91.
Voltage indicators up to 1000V must be used with signal lamps. Indicators can be of two types: two-pole, operating when active current flows, and single-pole, operating when capacitive current flows. Double-pole indicators are suitable for AC and DC electrical installations, single-pole indicators are suitable for AC installations. The use of test lamps instead of voltage indicators is not allowed. The length of the pointer tip contacts should not exceed 20 mm. When working with indicators in secondary switching circuits, it is recommended to stretch a tube of insulating material over the indicators, leaving uninsulated sections no longer than 5 mm. Single-pole indicators should be used when checking secondary switching circuits, identifying phase wires in electric meters, sockets, switches, fuses, etc. It is recommended to use voltage indicators on a construction site that have stops that prevent the fingers of the worker from slipping onto the non-insulated part of the indicator.
Rubber dielectric gloves in electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V are used as the main protective equipment. The length of gloves must be at least 350 mm. When working with dielectric gloves, their edges should not be rolled up. Gloves should be worn over sleeves. The use of gloves intended for other purposes (for example, industrial) as protective equipment in electrical installations is prohibited. Insulating gloves should be checked for punctures by rolling them towards the fingers.
Dielectric rubber galoshes can only be used in closed distribution devices as an additional protective means. In addition, they protect against step voltage in electrical installations of any voltage (including overhead lines). Electrical installations should be equipped with galoshes of several sizes.
Dielectric mats and insulating supports are used in rooms with increased electrical hazard, in particularly hazardous rooms, in electrical installations where contact with live parts with voltages up to 1000V is possible (for boards and assemblies). Rugs can be portable.
Insulating stands should be used in damp and dirty areas. The insulating support consists of a wooden deck supported by supporting insulators. The height of the insulators from the floor to the bottom surface of the deck must be at least 70 mm. Flooring measuring at least 50x50 cm should be made from dry wooden planks without knots or cross-layers. The gaps between the planks should not exceed 3 cm. The flooring should be painted on all sides. The edges of the flooring should not protrude beyond the supporting surface of the insulators to prevent the stand from tipping over.
Plumbing tools with insulating handles are used for work without removing voltage in installations on live parts with voltages up to 1000 V. The insulating handles of the tool are covered with moisture-resistant insulating material. Insulating handles must have stops on the side of the working part of the tool with a height of 10 and a thickness of at least 3 mm. The length of the insulating part is at least 100, the thickness of the tool handle insulation is at least 2 mm. The insulation thickness of screwdriver rods is 1 mm, the insulation should end at a distance of no more than 10 mm from the end of the screwdriver blade. Insulating handles, both on the surface and in the thickness of the insulation, should not have swelling, delamination, porosity, cavities, cracks or chips.
When working with electrical installations, permanent and portable warning posters should be posted:
warnings - “Under voltage - life-threatening!”, “Stop - life-threatening!”;
prohibiting - “Do not turn on - people are working”, “Do not turn on - work on the line”;
permissive - “Work here”, “Get in here”;
reminding - “Grounded”.
SO 153-34.03.603-2003. 2.4. Voltage indicators
Date: July 9, 2011 |
Category: Directory Tags: SO 153-34.03.603-2003 This material was prepared by specialists.
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2.4.1. Voltage indicators are designed to determine the presence or absence of voltage on live parts of electrical installations.
2.4.2. General technical requirements for voltage indicators are set out in the state standard.
Voltage indicators above 1000 V
Operating principle and design
2.4.3. Voltage indicators above 1000 V react to capacitive current flowing through the indicator when its working part is introduced into the electric field formed by live parts of electrical installations that are energized, and the “ground” and grounded structures of electrical installations.
2.4.4. The indicators must contain the main parts: working, indicator, insulating, and also a handle.
2.4.5. The working part contains elements that react to the presence of voltage on the controlled current-carrying parts.
The housings of the working parts of voltage indicators up to 20 kV inclusive must be made of electrical insulating materials with stable dielectric characteristics. The housings of the working parts of voltage indicators of 35 kV and above can be made of metal.
The working part may contain an electrode tip for direct contact with the controlled current-carrying parts and not contain an electrode tip (non-contact type indicators).
The indicator part, which can be combined with the working part, contains elements of light or combined (light and sound) indication. Gas-discharge lamps, LEDs or other indicators can be used as light indication elements. Light and sound signals must be reliably recognizable. The audio signal should have a frequency of 1 - 4 kHz and a chopping frequency of 2 - 4 Hz when indicating phase voltage. The sound signal level must be at least 70 dB at a distance of 1 m along the axis of the sound emitter.
The working part may also contain a body for its own serviceability monitoring. Control can be carried out by pressing a button or be automatic by periodically sending special control signals. In this case, it must be possible to fully check the serviceability of the electrical circuits of the working and indicator parts.
Working parts must not contain switching elements intended for turning on power or switching ranges.
2.4.6. The insulating part of the signs must be made of the materials specified in clause 2.1.2.
The insulating part can be composed of several links. To connect the links to each other, parts made of metal or insulating material can be used. It is permissible to use a telescopic design, but spontaneous folding must be prevented.
2.4.7. The handle can be one piece with the insulating part or be a separate link.
2.4.8. The design and weight of the signs must ensure that one person can operate them.
2.4.9. The electrical circuit and design of the indicator must ensure its operability without grounding the working part of the indicator, including when checking the absence of voltage, carried out from telescopic towers or from wooden and reinforced concrete supports of 6 - 10 kV overhead lines.
2.4.10. The minimum dimensions of the insulating parts and handles of voltage indicators above 1000 V are given in table. 2.4.
Table 2.4
MINIMUM DIMENSIONS OF INSULATING PARTS AND HANDLES FOR VOLTAGE INDICATORS ABOVE 1000 V
2.4.11. The voltage indicator indication voltage should be no more than 25% of the rated voltage of the electrical installation.
For indicators without a built-in power supply with a pulse signal, the indication voltage is the voltage at which the signal interruption frequency is at least 0.7 Hz.
For indicators with a built-in power supply with a pulse signal, the indication voltage is the voltage at which the signal interruption frequency is at least 1 Hz.
For other indicators, the indication voltage is the voltage at which there are distinct light (light and sound) signals.
2.4.12. The time for the first signal to appear after touching a live part under voltage equal to 90% of the rated phase voltage should not exceed 1.5 s.
2.4.13. The working part of the indicator for a certain voltage should not respond to the influence of neighboring circuits of the same voltage, spaced from the working part at the distances indicated in the table. 2.5.
Table 2.5
DISTANCE TO THE CLOSEST WIRE OF THE NEIGHBORING CIRCUIT
Performance tests
2.4.14. During operation, mechanical tests of voltage indicators are not carried out.
2.4.15. Electrical tests of voltage indicators consist of testing the insulating part with increased voltage and determining the indication voltage.
Testing of the working part of voltage indicators up to 35 kV is carried out for indicators of this design, during operations with which the working part can cause a phase-to-phase short circuit or a phase-to-ground fault. The need to test the insulation of the working part is determined by the operating manuals.
For voltage indicators with a built-in power source, its condition is monitored and, if necessary, the batteries are recharged or the batteries are replaced.
2.4.16. When testing the insulation of the working part, voltage is applied between the tip electrode and the screw connector. If the indicator does not have a screw connector electrically connected to the indication elements, then an auxiliary electrode for connecting the test installation wire is installed at the boundary of the working part.
2.4.17. When testing the insulating part, voltage is applied between the element of its articulation with the working part (threaded element, connector, etc.) and a temporary electrode placed at the restrictive ring on the side of the insulating part.
2.4.18. The indication voltage of indicators with a gas-discharge indicator lamp is determined according to the same scheme by which the insulation of the working part is tested (clause 2.4.16).
When determining the indication voltage of other indicators that have an electrode tip, it is connected to the high-voltage terminal of the testing installation. When determining the indication voltage of indicators without a tip electrode, it is necessary to touch the end side of the working part (head) of the indicator to the high-voltage terminal of the test installation.
In both of the latter cases, the auxiliary electrode is not installed on the pointer and the grounding terminal of the test setup is not connected.
The voltage of the test installation smoothly rises from zero to the value at which the light signals begin to meet the requirements of clause 2.4.11.
2.4.19. The standards and frequency of electrical tests of indicators are given in Appendix 7.
Terms of use
2.4.20. Before you start working with the pointer, you need to check its serviceability.
The serviceability of indicators that do not have a built-in monitoring device is checked using special devices, which are small-sized sources of increased voltage, or by briefly touching the electrode-tip of the indicator to live parts that are known to be energized.
The serviceability of indicators with a built-in control unit is checked in accordance with the operating manuals.
2.4.21. When checking the absence of voltage, the time of direct contact of the working part of the indicator with the controlled current-carrying part must be at least 5 s (in the absence of a signal).
It should be remembered that although some types of voltage indicators can signal the presence of voltage at a distance from live parts, direct contact with them by the working part of the indicator is mandatory.
2.4.22. In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, the voltage indicator should be used with dielectric gloves.
Voltage indicators up to 1000 V
Purpose, principle of operation and design
2.4.23. General technical requirements for voltage indicators up to 1000 V are set out in the state standard.
2.4.24. In electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V, two types of indicators are used: double-pole and single-pole.
Bipolar indicators that operate when active current flows are designed for electrical installations of alternating and direct current.
Single-pole indicators operating when capacitive current flows are intended for electrical installations with alternating current only.
The use of two-pole indicators is preferable.
The use of test lamps to check the absence of voltage is not allowed.
2.4.25. Bipolar indicators consist of two housings made of electrical insulating material, containing elements that react to the presence of voltage on the controlled live parts, and elements of light and (or) sound indication. The housings are connected to each other by a flexible wire at least 1 m long. At the points of entry into the housings, the connecting wire must have shock-absorbing bushings or thickened insulation.
Case sizes are not standardized and are determined by ease of use.
Each body of a two-pole indicator must have a rigidly fixed tip electrode, the length of the non-insulated part of which should not exceed 7 mm, except for indicators for overhead lines, in which the length of the non-insulated part of the tip electrodes is determined by technical conditions.
2.4.26. A single-pole indicator has one housing made of electrical insulating material, which houses all elements of the indicator. In addition to the electrode tip that meets the requirements of clause 2.4.25, there must be an electrode on the end or side of the housing for contact with the operator’s hand.
The dimensions of the case are not standardized; they are determined by ease of use.
2.4.27. The indication voltage of the indicators should be no more than 50 V.
Indication of the presence of voltage can be stepped, supplied in the form of a digital signal, etc.
Light and sound signals may be continuous or intermittent and must be reliably recognizable.
For indicators with a pulse signal, the indication voltage is the voltage at which the interval between pulses does not exceed 1.0 s.
2.4.28. Voltage indicators up to 1000 V can also perform additional functions: checking the integrity of electrical circuits, identifying phase wires, determining polarity in DC circuits, etc. In this case, the pointers should not contain switching elements intended for switching operating modes.
Expanding the functionality of the indicator should not reduce the safety of operations to determine the presence or absence of voltage.
Performance tests
2.4.29. Electrical tests of voltage indicators up to 1000 V consist of testing the insulation, determining the indication voltage, checking the operation of the indicator at an increased test voltage, checking the current flowing through the indicator at the highest operating voltage of the indicator.
If necessary, the indication voltage in DC circuits is also checked, as well as the correct polarity indication.
The voltage gradually increases from zero, while the values of the indication voltage and the current flowing through the indicator at the highest operating voltage of the indicator are recorded, after which the indicator is turned on for 1 minute. maintained at an increased test voltage, exceeding the highest operating voltage of the pointer by 10%.
2.4.30. When testing indicators (except for insulation tests), the voltage from the test installation is applied between the tip electrodes (for double-pole indicators) or between the tip electrode and the electrode on the end or side of the housing (for single-pole indicators).
Rice. 2.1. Schematic diagram of testing the electrical strength of the insulation of handles and voltage indicator wires: 1 - tested indicator; 2 - test transformer; 3 - bath with water; 4 - electrode
2.4.31. When testing the insulation of two-pole indicators, both housings are wrapped in foil, and the connecting wire is lowered into a vessel with water at a temperature of (25 +/- 15) °C so that the water covers the wire, not reaching the handles of the housings by 8 - 12 mm. One wire from the test installation is connected to the electrode tips, the second, grounded, is connected to the foil and lowered into water (scheme version - Fig. 2.1).
For single-pole indicators, the body is wrapped in foil along the entire length to the limiting stop. A gap of at least 10 mm is left between the foil and the contact on the end (side) part of the housing. One wire from the test setup is connected to the tip electrode, the other to the foil.
2.4.32. The standards and frequency of operational tests of indicators are given in Appendix 7.
Terms of use
2.4.33. Before starting to work with the pointer, it is necessary to check its serviceability by briefly touching live parts that are known to be energized.
2.4.34. When checking the absence of voltage, the time of direct contact of the pointer with the controlled live parts must be at least 5 s.
2.4.35. When using single-pole indicators, contact must be ensured between the electrode on the end (side) part of the housing and the operator’s hand. The use of dielectric gloves is not allowed.
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Other and useful information
Other and useful information
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF THE INSTRUCTIONS
1.1.1. This Instruction applies to protective equipment used in electrical installations of organizations, regardless of the form of ownership of organizational and legal forms, individual entrepreneurs, as well as citizen owners of electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V and establishes the classification and list of protective equipment, scope, testing methods and standards, procedure their use and maintenance, as well as standards for equipping production teams with protective equipment for electrical installations.
1.1.2. The main terms and their definitions adopted in the Instructions are given in Table 1.1.
Instructions for labor protection at workplaces must be brought in accordance with these Instructions.
1.1.3. The protective equipment used in electrical installations must meet the requirements
corresponding to the state standard and these Instructions.
1.1.4. When working in electrical installations the following are used:
- means of protection against electric shock (electrical protective equipment);
- means of protection against high-tension electric fields, collective and individual (in electrical installations with voltages of 330 kV and above);
- personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the state standard (protection for the head, eyes and face, hands, respiratory organs, falling from heights, special protective clothing).
Table 1.1
MAIN TERMS ACCEPTED IN THE INSTRUCTIONS AND THEIR DEFINITIONS
| Term | Definition |
| Worker protection means | A product designed to prevent or reduce worker exposure to hazardous and (or) harmful production factors |
| Collective protective equipment | A means of protection that is structurally and (or) functionally connected with the production process, production equipment, premises, building, structure, production site |
| Personal protective equipment | Protective equipment used by one person |
| Electrical protective agent | Electrical shock protection equipment designed to ensure electrical safety |
| Basic insulating electrical protective agent | An insulating electrical protective agent, the insulation of which can withstand the operating voltage of the electrical installation for a long time and which allows you to work on live parts that are energized |
| Additional insulating electrical protective agent | An insulating electrical protective device, which in itself cannot provide protection against electric shock at a given voltage, but complements the main means of protection, and also serves to protect against touch voltage and step voltage |
| Touch voltage | Voltage between two conductive parts or between a conductive part and ground when simultaneously touched by a person |
| Step voltage | Voltage between two points on the surface of the earth, at a distance of 1 m from one another, which is taken to be equal to the length of a person’s step |
| Safe distance | The smallest permissible distance between the worker and the source of danger necessary to ensure the safety of the worker |
| Voltage indicator | A device for determining the presence or absence of voltage on live parts of electrical installations |
| Voltage indicator | A device for warning personnel about being in a potentially dangerous area due to approaching live parts that are energized at a dangerous distance or for a preliminary (approximate) assessment of the presence of voltage on live parts of electrical installations at distances between them and the worker that significantly exceed safe ones |
| Work without stress relief | Work performed by touching live parts that are energized (active or live), or at distances from these live parts that are less than permissible |
| Electric field influence zone | Space in which the electric field strength of industrial frequency exceeds 5 kV/m |
| Safety poster (sign) | A colorographic image of a certain geometric shape using signal and contrasting colors, graphic symbols and (or) explanatory inscriptions, intended to warn people about immediate or possible danger, prohibit, order or permit certain actions, as well as for information about the location of objects and means, use which eliminates or reduces the impact of hazardous and (or) harmful factors |
| Undistorted electric field strength | The electric field strength, not distorted by the presence of a person and a measuring device, determined in the area where a person will be located during work |
| Shielding device | A means of collective protection that reduces the electric field strength at workplaces in electrical installations under voltage |
1.1.5. Electrical protective equipment includes:
- insulating rods of all types;
- insulating pliers;
- voltage indicators;
- individual and stationary voltage indicators;
- devices and devices to ensure the safety of work during measurements and tests in electrical installations (voltage indicators for checking phase coincidence, electrical clamps, devices for piercing cables);
- dielectric gloves, galoshes, boots;
- dielectric carpets and insulating supports;
- protective fences (boards and screens);
- insulating linings and caps;
- hand insulating tool;
- portable grounding;
- safety posters and signs;
- special protective equipment, insulating devices and devices for work under voltage in electrical installations with voltages of 110 kV and higher;
- flexible insulating coatings and linings for live work in electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V;
- insulating fiberglass ladders and stepladders.
1.1.6. Insulating electrical protective equipment is divided into basic and additional.
The main insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V include:
- insulating rods of all types;
- insulating pliers;
- voltage indicators;
- devices and devices to ensure the safety of work during measurements and tests in electrical installations (voltage indicators for checking phase coincidence, electrical clamps, devices for puncturing cables, etc.);
- special protective equipment, insulating devices and devices for work under voltage in electrical installations with voltages of 110 kV and higher (except for rods for transfer and potential equalization).
Additional insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V include:
- dielectric gloves and boots;
- dielectric carpets and insulating supports;
- insulating caps and linings;
- rods for transferring and leveling potential;
- ladders, insulating fiberglass stepladders.
The main insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V include:
- insulating rods of all types;
- insulating pliers;
- voltage indicators;
- electrical clamps;
- dielectric gloves;
- hand insulating tool.
Additional insulating electrical protective equipment for electrical installations with voltages up to 1000 V include:
- dielectric galoshes;
- dielectric carpets and insulating supports;
- insulating caps, coverings and linings;
- ladders, insulating fiberglass stepladders.
1.1.7. The means of protection against high-intensity electric fields include individual shielding kits for work on the potential of an overhead power line (OHT) wire and on the ground potential in an open switchgear (OSD) and on an overhead line, as well as removable and portable shielding devices and safety posters.
1.1.8. In addition to the listed protective equipment, the following personal protective equipment is used in electrical installations:
- head protection equipment (protective helmets);
- eye and face protection (goggles and protective shields);
- respiratory protection equipment (gas masks and respirators);
- hand protection (mittens);
- fall protection equipment (safety belts and safety ropes);
- special protective clothing (electric arc protection kits).
1.1.9. The selection of the necessary electrical protective equipment, means of protection against high-intensity electric fields and personal protective equipment is regulated by this Instruction, Interindustry rules for labor protection (safety rules) for the operation of electrical installations, sanitary standards and rules for performing work in conditions of exposure to electric fields of industrial frequency, guidelines for protection of personnel from exposure to electric fields and other relevant regulatory and technical documents taking into account local conditions.
When choosing specific types of PPE, you should use the appropriate catalogs and recommendations for their use.
1.1.10. When using basic insulating electrical protective equipment, it is sufficient to use one additional one, except in special cases.
If it is necessary to protect someone working from step voltage, dielectric boots or galoshes can be used without basic protective equipment.
1.2. PROCEDURE AND GENERAL RULES FOR THE USE OF PROTECTIVE MEANS
1.2.1. Personnel carrying out work in electrical installations must be provided with all necessary protective equipment, trained in the rules of use and must use them to ensure the safety of work.
Protective equipment must be located as inventory in the premises of electrical installations or be included in the inventory of field teams. Protective equipment may also be issued for individual use.
1.2.2. When working, you should use only protective equipment that is marked with the manufacturer, name or type of product and year of manufacture, as well as a test stamp.
1.2.3. Inventory protective equipment is distributed between facilities (electrical installations) and between field teams in accordance with the operating system, local conditions and acquisition standards.
Such distribution, indicating the storage locations of protective equipment, must be recorded in lists approved by the technical manager of the organization or the employee responsible for electrical equipment.
1.2.4. If the unsuitability of protective equipment is discovered, they are subject to confiscation. An entry about the seizure of unsuitable protective equipment must be made in the logbook for recording and maintaining the protective equipment or in operational documentation.
1.2.5. Workers who have received protective equipment for individual use are responsible for their correct use and timely monitoring of their condition.
1.2.6. Insulating electrical protective equipment should be used only for their intended purpose in electrical installations with a voltage not higher than that for which they are designed (the highest permissible operating voltage), in accordance with the operating manuals, instructions, passports, etc. for specific means of protection.
1.2.7. Insulating electrical protective equipment is designed for use in closed electrical installations, and in open electrical installations - only in dry weather. They are not allowed to be used in drizzle or precipitation.
Outdoors in wet weather, only protective equipment of a special design designed to work in such conditions should be used. Such protective equipment is manufactured, tested and used in accordance with specifications and instructions.
1.2.8. Before each use of the protective equipment, personnel are required to check its serviceability, the absence of external damage and contamination, and also check the expiration date on the stamp.
It is not allowed to use protective equipment that has expired.
1.2.9. When using electrical protective equipment, it is not allowed to touch their working part, as well as the insulating part behind the restrictive ring or stop.
1.3. PROCEDURE FOR STORING PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
1.3.1. Protective equipment must be stored and transported under conditions that ensure their serviceability and suitability for use; they must be protected from mechanical damage, contamination and moisture.
1.3.2. Protective equipment must be stored indoors.
1.3.3. Protective equipment made of rubber and polymer materials that are in use should be stored in cabinets, on racks, shelves, separately from tools and other protective equipment. They must be protected from acids, alkalis, oils, gasoline and other destructive substances, as well as from direct exposure to sunlight and heat radiation from heating devices (no closer than 1 m from them).
Protective equipment made of rubber and polymeric materials that are in use must not be stored in bulk (haphazardly), in bags, boxes, etc.
Protective equipment made of rubber and polymeric materials that are in stock must be stored in a dry room at a temperature of (0-30) °C.
1.3.4. Insulating rods, clamps and voltage indicators above 1000 V should be stored in conditions that prevent them from bending or coming into contact with walls.
1.3.5. Respiratory protection equipment must be stored in dry rooms in special bags.
1.3.6. Protective equipment, insulating devices and devices for working under voltage should be kept in a dry, ventilated area.
1.3.7. Shielding protective equipment should be stored separately from electrical protective equipment.
Individual shielding kits are stored in special cabinets: workwear is on hangers, and safety shoes, head, face and hand protection are on shelves. During storage, they must be protected from moisture and aggressive environments.
1.3.8. Protective equipment used by field teams or for individual use by personnel must be stored in boxes, bags or cases separately from other tools.
1.3.9. Protective equipment is placed in specially equipped places, as a rule, at the entrance to the premises, as well as on control panels. Storage areas must have lists of protective equipment. Storage areas must be equipped with hooks or brackets for rods, insulating clamps, portable grounding, safety posters, as well as cabinets, racks, etc. for other means of protection.
1.4. ACCOUNTING OF PROTECTION MEANS AND CONTROL OF THEIR CONDITION
1.4.1. All electrical protective equipment and personal protective equipment in use must be numbered, with the exception of protective helmets, dielectric carpets, insulating stands, safety posters, protective fences, and rods for transferring and potential equalization. Serial numbers may be used.
Numbering is established separately for each type of protective equipment, taking into account the adopted operating system and local conditions.
The inventory number is usually applied directly to the protective equipment with paint or stamped on metal parts. It is also possible to apply a number to a special tag attached to the protective equipment.
If the protective equipment consists of several parts, a common number for it must be placed on each part.
1.4.2. In departments of enterprises and organizations, it is necessary to keep logs of records and maintenance of protective equipment.
Personal protective equipment issued for individual use must also be recorded in a journal.
1.4.3. The presence and condition of protective equipment is checked by periodic inspection, which is carried out at least once every 6 months. (for portable groundings - at least once every 3 months) by the employee responsible for their condition, recording the inspection results in a journal.
1.4.4. Electrical protective equipment, except for insulating stands, dielectric carpets, portable grounding, protective fences, posters and safety signs, as well as safety belts and safety ropes received for operation from manufacturers or warehouses, must be tested according to operational test standards.
1.4.5. Protective equipment that has passed the test, the use of which depends on the voltage of the electrical installation, is stamped with the following form:
For protective equipment, the use of which does not depend on the voltage of the electrical installation (dielectric gloves, galoshes, boots, etc.), a stamp of the following form is placed:
The stamp must be clearly visible. It should be permanently painted or adhered to the insulating portion near the boundary ring of insulating electrical protective equipment and live devices or at the edge of rubber products and safety devices. If the protective equipment consists of several parts, the stamp is placed on only one part. The method of applying the stamp and its dimensions should not impair the insulating characteristics of protective equipment.
When testing dielectric gloves, overshoes and overshoes, markings must be made according to their protective properties Ev and En, if the factory marking is lost.
On protective equipment that did not pass the test, the stamp must be crossed out with red paint.
Insulated tools, voltage indicators up to 1000 V, as well as safety belts and safety ropes may be marked using accessible means.
1.4.6. The results of operational tests of protective equipment are recorded in special journals. In addition, test reports must be issued for protective equipment owned by third parties.
1.5. GENERAL RULES FOR TESTING PROTECTIVE MEANS
1.5.1. Acceptance, periodic and type tests are carried out at the manufacturer according to the standards given in Appendices 4 and 5, and the methods set out in the relevant standards or technical specifications.
1.5.2. In operation, protective equipment is subjected to regular and extraordinary operational tests (after a fall, repair, replacement of any parts, if there are signs of malfunction). The standards for operational tests and the timing of their implementation are given in Appendices 6 and 7.
1.5.3. Tests are carried out according to approved methods (instructions).
Mechanical tests are carried out before electrical tests.
1.5.4. All testing of protective equipment must be carried out by specially trained and certified personnel.
1.5.5. Before testing, each protective equipment must be carefully inspected to check the presence of manufacturer's markings, numbers, completeness, absence of mechanical damage, and the condition of insulating surfaces (for insulating protective equipment). If the protective equipment does not comply with the requirements of this Instruction, tests are not carried out until the identified deficiencies are eliminated.
1.5.6. Electrical tests should be carried out with alternating current of industrial frequency, as a rule, at a temperature of plus (25±15) °C.
Electrical tests of insulating rods, voltage indicators, voltage indicators for checking phase coincidence, insulating and electrical clamps should begin with checking the dielectric strength of the insulation.
The rate of voltage rise to 1/3 of the test voltage can be arbitrary (a voltage equal to the specified voltage can be applied by a push); further increase in voltage should be smooth and fast, but allowing the readings of the measuring device to be read at a voltage of more than 3/4 of the test voltage. After reaching the rated value and holding at this value for a rated time, the voltage must be smoothly and quickly reduced to zero or to a value not exceeding 1/3 of the test voltage, after which the voltage is turned off.
1.5.7. The test voltage is applied to the insulating part of the protective equipment. In the absence of an appropriate voltage source for testing entire insulating rods, insulating parts of voltage indicators and voltage indicators for checking phase coincidence, etc. It is allowed to test them in parts. In this case, the insulating part is divided into sections to which a part of the normalized full test voltage is applied, proportional to the length of the section and increased by 20%.
1.5.8. Basic insulating electrical protective equipment intended for electrical installations with voltages above 1 to 35 kV inclusive are tested with a voltage equal to 3 times the linear voltage, but not lower than 40 kV, and those intended for electrical installations with voltages of 110 kV and above - equal to 3 times the phase voltage.
Additional insulating electrical protective equipment is tested by voltage according to the standards specified in Appendices 5 and 7.
1.5.9. The duration of application of the full test voltage is usually 1 min. for insulating protective equipment up to 1000 V and for insulation made of elastic materials and porcelain and 5 min. — for insulation from layered dielectrics.
For specific protective equipment and working parts, the duration of application of the test voltage is given in Appendices 5 and 7.
1.5.10. Currents flowing through the insulation of products are standardized for electrical protective equipment made of rubber and elastic polymer materials and insulating devices for live work. Operating currents flowing through voltage indicators up to 1000 V are also standardized.
Current values are given in Appendices 5 and 7.
1.5.11. Breakdown, flashover, and surface discharges are determined by turning off the testing facility during testing, by readings from measuring instruments, and visually.
1.5.12. Electrical protective equipment made of solid materials should be checked by touch immediately after testing for the absence of local heating due to dielectric losses.
1.5.13. If a breakdown, flashover or surface discharge occurs, the current through the product increases above the rated value, or in the presence of local heating, the protective equipment is rejected.
