It is unlikely that the site will be used for its intended purpose without communications connected to it. And the first thing the owner will need is electricity. It is also possible to supply electricity to a site without buildings. This procedure requires a careful approach, as it involves installing networks, performing a number of design work and approvals. The land owner will have to take into account the load on the networks, based on projected consumption needs and other technical issues.
The absence of buildings on the site will not be a reason for refusing electricity. However, approval of the project and technical conditions are considered mandatory.
Legal regulation
When conducting electricity to the territory of your own site, you must be guided by the current legislation of the Russian Federation. So, among the main rules that need to be taken into account:
- Federal Law No. 35-FZ of March 26, 2003 “On the Electric Power Industry” defines fundamental issues. The law talks about the conditions of access to electrical networks and connection to them;
- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 27, 2004 No. 861 establishes the rules for connecting new subscribers to electrical networks.
You also need to be guided by technical norms and standards that determine specific connection conditions in each specific case.
Safety standards
To avoid emergency situations, it is necessary to equip the electrical network with circuit breakers and a grounding conductor.
Protective grounding
Many country houses are equipped with a 4-wire electrical network. This means that the ground and neutral cables are combined. When it breaks, voltage appears on the shield body. The machine does not turn off due to maintaining the same current strength. An additional grounding circuit eliminates such situations. To set up the system, ready-made pin modules are used. They are buried in any type of soil.
RCD
Installing the device protects people from electrical injuries and property from fire. The RCD is triggered when there is a current leak that occurs when the cable braid is damaged or the neutral wire is broken. The device is installed at the inlet. The rating of the RCD is selected taking into account the expected leakage of equipment used in the country. The resulting number is tripled. Manufacturers offer RCDs for 10, 30, 100 or 300 mA.
Automatic circuit breakers
Protective devices are used to protect network components from overload. A separate machine is installed for each group of consumers. Devices are selected taking into account the expected power. Lighting systems are supplied with separate automatic devices.
What is needed to conduct electricity
In order to conduct electrical communications to your own site, you need to perform a number of actions in the following order:
- Visually find a nearby electrical network. It is best if it is a 380 volt network, which looks like 4 conductors on poles. If such a line is not detected, then a 6 kV network may be located nearby, which looks like 3 conductors on more “solid” poles.
- Determine the owner of the electrical network. First of all, you should ask your neighbors about this, especially those who have recently dealt with a similar issue.
- Contact this organization and apply for connection.
- Conclude a service agreement with the organization.
You can find the necessary information on the Internet. It is better to search at the address where the land plot is located, which will help you find an organization engaged in the sale of electricity in a certain territory.
Each site is serviced by one company. Difficulties can arise only when the plot is located on the border of the service areas of two electricity supply companies. In this case, you need to contact the organization whose pillar is closer.
When submitting an application, you need to find out whether there are technical conditions for connection. You can clarify the information only with the organization that will be involved in the sale of electricity.
Alternative power sources
If it is impossible to stretch the wire from the pole to the site, you can use the following means:
- Solar panels. They are used for power supply and heating of the house. The system consists of 2 modules with a total power of 1.25 kW. This is enough to operate low-power devices. It is impossible to receive energy in the dark or cloudy weather.
- Wind turbines. They operate at any time of the day, but depend on weather conditions. A wind generator with a power of 3-5 kW is enough to supply electricity to a medium-sized area. The disadvantages are the high noise level and high cost (from 90 thousand rubles).
- Water generators. Can be used if available near a river. In winter, the current slows down, making it impossible to obtain the required amount of energy. In addition, a permit must be obtained before using the device.
- Geothermal generators. Use steam to generate energy. Their installation requires geothermal sources, which are not available in most regions.
Using these means, electricity is supplied to an empty area or to residential premises. This helps to save on electricity and make the house independent from the general network.
Required documents
After identifying a company engaged in the supply of electricity, you need to take from it a list of documents required for filing an application. In each individual case, the specific package may differ, but most often it consists of:
- applications. Most often it is drawn up according to the presented sample;
- copies of the document identifying the applicant. The most commonly used is a passport;
- title documents for the site, for example, extracts from the Unified State Register, etc.;
- copies of TIN;
- list of planned energy-consuming devices;
- calculating the expected load;
- plan of the site and buildings on which the location of power poles will be located.
Download an application for connecting electricity to a land plot (sample)
It is best if the calculation and plan are drawn up by trusted specialists, since such work requires a professional approach.
You can send documents by mail or hand them over in person. The response must be sent to the applicant within a period not exceeding 30 days.
Contents of the response to the connection request
If the decision is positive, the response will contain two copies of the contract, as well as technical connection conditions.
The contract must contain a deadline for completing the work. The maximum is six months, most often it is written in the sent copies. However, the actual duration depends on how close the power lines are. If you have to draw electricity within the city, and the distance is up to 300, and in rural areas up to 500 meters, then there will be no difficulties.
At the end of six months, the applicant has the right to contact the company with claims, as well as the relevant authorities with complaints. If the distance is large, you can try to wait a little longer, since the lack of results may be caused by technical difficulties. However, no one is required to wait additional time beyond the specified period.
Problems caused by the location of a private house
Country houses are most often located outside the city. Old transmission lines are used to electrify them. They cannot withstand the high loads that occur when turning on household appliances. Voltage surges damage equipment installed at the dacha. Sensitive stabilizers and automatic devices help prevent emergency situations. The condition of the electrical network is affected by the frequency of residence in the house. In winter, moisture accumulates in an unheated room. This must be taken into account when choosing materials and devices.
Connection cost
One of the most popular questions from potential consumers concerns the cost of connecting to the electrical grid.
Guided by Government Decree No. 129 of 2011, if the distance is up to 300 meters in the city and up to 500 in rural areas, and the power consumption is up to 15 kW, then the price will be only 550 rubles. In situations where distance or power exceeds the established parameters, prices will increase significantly as they will be calculated using commercial standards. For example, in the Moscow region, for each kW you will need to pay an additional about 10,000 rubles, that is, for 20 kW you will have to pay about 200,000 rubles.
Before purchasing a plot, it is recommended to pay attention to how far away the connection point is located. If it is more than the established distance of 300 or 500 meters, then you need to immediately calculate the approximate costs of connecting communications, including electricity.
If a company requires additional contributions to carry out work when the distance and power meet the standards, there is no need to pay for this, no matter how the organization justifies its expenses. The cost should be 550 rubles and no more.
Detailed instructions for installing electrical wiring yourself
There are 2 ways to extend lines to the house:
- underground;
- in the air;
- through a wall or foundation.
It is necessary to familiarize yourself with the features of each of them.
Air input
To connect a house to the network in this way, use a self-supporting cable or metal cable. Cables are attached to the latter. When choosing any technology, additional fasteners are used to fix the cores.
When laying a line through the air, take into account the following features:
- If the distance between the power line and the house exceeds 25 m, auxiliary support poles should be installed. This is due to the increased load on cables in winter.
- It is necessary to correctly determine the load-bearing capacity of the wire.
- Ultraviolet radiation destroys the braiding of current-carrying conductors. Therefore, it is recommended to protect the cable with corrugation.
Connecting over the air does not take much time. However, the need to install a new pole increases the cost of the work.
Underground connection
The following rules are observed:
- The wire is buried 70 cm or more into the ground. If the cable is laid in a corrugation, and the distance between the input panel and the power line does not exceed 5 m, digging a trench 0.5 m deep is allowed.
- A distance of 0.6 m is left between the foundation and the cable line. It is prohibited to stretch conductors under the base of the house.
- When digging trenches, leave sufficient distance from sewer and water pipes, trees and shrubs.
- For underground installation, armored cable is used.
Further steps to connect to electricity
After obtaining permission and technical conditions, it is necessary to prepare an electrification project. You can do it yourself, but in the absence of special technical knowledge, this will be problematic. It is recommended to contact a specialist or order one from a resource supply company that carries out the relevant work.
The actual connection can also be done by specialists. You will need to install the meter on a special pole. And the connection to the network will be made by employees of the resource supply company, who will also seal the meter and draw up an act on connecting the new subscriber to the network.
Connection refusal and further actions
Network connection may be denied for the following reasons:
- not a complete package of documents has been submitted;
- the plan and list are drawn up incorrectly;
- documents were submitted to a company servicing a territory other than the declared one;
- there is no technical possibility.
In case of refusal, you can eliminate the reasons for the negative decision or go to court to appeal the actions or inaction of the organization.
Connecting a plot without buildings to the electrical network is carried out in exactly the same way as connecting a plot with buildings. It is necessary to perform a series of sequential actions, as well as identify and ensure technical feasibility. The cost of connection, if the established standards are not exceeded, will be only 550 rubles, but if the distance is exceeded, you will need to pay additionally for each unit of potentially consumed power and additional distance for connection.
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