A rechargeable battery is the most important element of any portable gadget, without which it simply will not work. Many users do not even understand on what principle power supplies operate. It is not necessary to delve into fundamental chemistry to understand what's what, it is enough to understand the basic terminology. On the battery, both laptop and smartphone, there is an inscription, for example, 2000 mAh. Most people know only superficially what this could mean, thinking that the higher the number, the longer the gadget works on one charge, but this is not entirely correct.
mAh is a unit of measurement that shows the capacity of a battery.
How to understand the characteristic
Formula for determining battery capacity.
mAh is a unit that can be calculated by multiplying the battery operating time by the Ampere charge current. For example, there is a battery, on the body of which nothing is indicated, but you need to find out the capacity. To do this, connect the battery to a 1000 mAh charge consumer and see how long it will work. If the battery runs out in an hour, then its capacity is 1000 mAh, if after 7.5 hours, then the parameter will already be 7500 mAh.
In practice, things are different, and how quickly a device discharges depends not only on the battery installed in it, but also on the user himself. Nowadays, many resource-intensive applications and games have been released, and they quickly drain the charge. By looking at the mAh value, you can roughly determine how long the device will last on one charge. But everything is individual, so before buying a gadget, users are accustomed to reading reviews about this or that point.
There are two ways to measure the actual battery capacity of a phone or laptop: software and hardware. In the first case, you will need the AccuBattery application. In the second there is a USB tester. What to do:
- Use the gadget until the battery runs out.
- “Reset” the USB tester so that it resets previous measurements.
- Place the gadget to charge through the tester, which is currently connected to the charger, and wait until charging is complete.
There are two columns on the tester screen: Wh and mAh. They reflect the approximate energy intensity of the element. To obtain accurate values, they are processed manually.
Comparison
In order to understand the fundamental difference between the concepts of volt and watt, you need to make a comparison. As it became clear from the definitions, they are all used by physicists to determine the characteristics of electrical flows. The volt is a unit that allows you to accurately measure voltage, and the watt helps determine what power indicators are.
Volt indicates how much difference is created in the resulting electrical potential along the wire line. In this case, voltage should arise after a current with a certain strength cuts through a unit of power.
The definition of voltage is that it is nothing more than the potential of electricity. It occurs between different points, and not at one of them. Volt is used to indicate the difference in potential energy present in an electrical charge. It is present between the points. This point can be a wire, part, or battery. Also a source that operates using electricity. The source of energy in this case is voltage, which represents both expended and lost energy. This process can be compared to the pressure that inevitably occurs in the circuit to push electrons forward. In order to avoid problems with the operation of the power source, it is necessary to create conditions under which the two paths will have all the conditions for the unhindered passage of current. Total energy is generated, which is then spent on moving the charge. It is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the physical elements. It lies in the fact that negative charges are attracted to high values. If there are positive ones, then attraction will occur to the lower ones.
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Watts measure the rate of work expended to maintain power levels at a certain level.
Voltage in watts or volts is measured according to individual criteria suitable for these physical quantities. Voltage measurements are carried out in Volts. If you need to create a drawing (scheme), then this unit will be indicated as V. Energy is expended to perform work, which is measured in Joules.
How many volts does 1 ampere contain?
It is quite difficult to answer this question. However, to make it easier for you to understand this issue, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the tables of ratios:
For DC:
| W: A = A x Ohms = √ (W x Ohms) |
| Amps | (W : V) = √(W : Ohms) = V : Ohms |
| Ohms | B : A = W : (A)2 = (B)2 : W |
| Watts | A x B = (A)2 x Ohms = (B)2 : Ohms |
For AC:
| Volts | W: (A x cos Ψ) = A x Ohms x cos Ψ = √(W x Ohms) |
| Amps | W: (V x cos Ψ) = 1/cos Ψ x √(W: Ohms) = V: (Ohms x cos Ψ) |
| Ohms | B : (A x cos Ψ) = W : (A)2 • cos2 Ψ = (B)2 : W |
| Watts | B x A x cos Ψ = (A)2 x Ohms x cos2 Ψ = (B)2 : Ohms |
Multiples and submultiples [edit | edit code ]
For calculations involving power, it is not always convenient to use the watt itself. Sometimes, when the quantities being measured are very large or very small, it is much more convenient to use a unit of measurement with standard prefixes, which avoids constant calculations of the order of the value. Thus, when designing and calculating radars and radio receivers, pW or nW are most often used; for medical devices such as EEG and ECG, μW is used. In the production of electricity, as well as in the design of railway locomotives, megawatts (MW) and gigawatts (GW) are used.
The standard SI prefixes for watt are given in the following table.
| Multiples | Dolnye | ||||||
| magnitude | Name | designation | magnitude | Name | designation | ||
| 10 1 W | dekawatt | dW | daW | 10 −1 W | deciwatt | dW | dW |
| 10 2 W | hectowatt | GW | hW | 10 −2 W | centiwatt | sW | cW |
| 10 3 W | kilowatt | kW | kW | 10 −3 W | milliwatt | mW | mW |
| 10 6 W | megawatt | MW | M.W. | 10 −6 W | microwatt | µW | µW |
| 10 9 W | gigawatt | GW | G.W. | 10 −9 W | nanowatt | nW | nW |
| 10 12 W | terawatt | TVW | TW | 10−12 W | picowatt | pW | pW |
| 10 15 W | petawatt | PW | PW | 10−15 W | femtowatt | fW | fW |
| 10 18 W | exawatt | EVt | E.W. | 10−18 W | atwatt | aW | aW |
| 10 21 W | zettawatt | ZVt | ZW | 10−21 W | zeptowatt | zW | zW |
| 10 24 W | iottawatt | IVT | YW | 10−24 W | ioctowatt | iW | yW |
| not recommended for use |
Conversion to Watt hours and back
Using an example, we will consider a laptop battery, on the case of which the capacity is indicated, say, 5200 mAh, and the voltage is 14.9 V. You need to divide 5200 by 1000, and you get 5.2 Ah. Next, 5.2 is multiplied by 14.9 and you get 78.48 Wh.
When converting Wh to mAh, count in the opposite direction. To do this, divide 78.48 by 14.9 - you get 4.9 Ah, which is multiplied by 1000 and gets the figure 4900 mAh.
So, what can the designation mAh mean? This is one of the key parameters when choosing a mobile device, on which battery life largely depends. But a battery, say 5000 mAh, can be drained in a day or in 5 hours - it all depends on what tasks are performed on the gadget. If you just listen to music, your smartphone will last longer on one charge than if you were using a “heavy” toy.
Does battery capacity affect the power of the tool?
High speed test: 1 inch high speed auger drill
The test material, due to its density, was stacked OSB subfloor boards. In real work, it is not necessary to drill 5 layers of the slab, but this solution eliminates problems arising from knots or other inconsistencies in the structure of the lumber. Testing was performed with Bosch Daredevil high speed 1" auger drills. With these super-smooth drills, the 5.0 Ah showed a slight lead of 4.33-4.48 seconds.
With a larger battery, auger drilling speeds up by 3.35%.
High Speed Test: 1" Spade Drill
The test was performed using the same material and 1-inch Bosch Daredevil point drill bits. They do not drill as smoothly as augers and require a little more power. But they still allow you to drill at high speed. Due to the shape, the short time gap when using different batteries, which was recorded for the first time, increased to 3.59-4.00 seconds.
With a larger battery, drilling with a feather drill was accelerated by 10.25%.
Low Speed Test: 1.5" Core Drill
To carry out the low-speed test, two untreated boards with a cross-section of 50x100 mm were stacked together. Drilled with a 1.5-inch Milwaukee Switchblade core bit. As the required power increased with each drill, the gap between drilling times using different batteries also increased. The tool with a 5.0Ah battery needed 10.28 seconds, and with a 2.0Ah battery it took 12.08 seconds.
With a larger battery, core drill drilling speeds up by 14.90%.
Low Speed Test: 2-9/16 Core Drill
The final test was performed with a 2-9/16 diameter Switchblade core drill, which requires much more power from the drill. And again, batteries with a capacity of 5.0Ah showed their advantage. Drilling with a smaller battery took 11.26 seconds versus 14.60 seconds with a 5.0Ah battery.
With a larger power supply, drilling speed with the 2-9/16 core drill was 25.88%.
Don't forget the circuit breaker
Another important component of the power supply system is circuit breakers (formerly called plugs). If you look at your distribution panel, you should see these devices with small colored switches and an indication of the maximum operating current. This is the switch. City apartments are most often equipped with 16, 25 or 32 A automatic circuit breakers. So, using the formula, you can calculate what device you need to install for the safe use of powerful equipment.
Let's return to the purchased stove, with a power of say 6 kW (6000 W). Using the formula, we get - 6000 W/220V = 27 A. Accordingly, for the normal functioning of your stove, you need to install a 32 A machine. And it is still advisable to install a separate machine for each powerful device. Because if there are also, say, sockets “hanging” on it, then if you turn it on at the same time as the equipment, the machine can be knocked out.
If you have seriously decided to do the installation of equipment or wiring at home yourself, then it would be better to take a short online electrician course. Because without basic knowledge there is nothing to do in the switchboard.
It seems that nothing is simpler than connecting a couple of wires, but make a little mistake and you are guaranteed a short circuit. Therefore, to avoid unpleasant consequences, always double-check all connections. And if you have any difficulties, do not hesitate to seek help from specialists.
Safety precautions when measuring voltage
Since, depending on the safety class of the room and its condition, even relatively low voltages of 12–36 V can pose a danger to life, the following rules must be followed:
- Do not carry out voltage measurements that require certain professional skills (over 1000 V).
- Do not measure voltages in hard-to-reach places or at heights.
- When measuring voltages in a household network, use special means of protection against electric shock (rubber gloves, mats, boots or boots).
- Use a proper measuring tool.
- In the case of using multifunctional instruments (multimeters), ensure that the parameter being measured and its value are correctly set before measurement.
- Use a measuring device with working probes.
- Strictly follow the manufacturer's recommendations for using the measuring device.
– (French volte, Italian voltu, from Latin volutus rotated). 1) a circle made by a horse rider. 2) in fencing: evading an enemy’s blow. 3) a special kind of overexposure, manipulation in a card game. 4) in Western Europe of the Middle Ages, magical... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
1. VOLT, a; pl. genus. volt; m. Unit of measurement of electrical voltage, electromotive force. ● After the name of the Italian physicist A. Volta (1745 1827), one of the founders of the doctrine of electricity. 2. VOLT, a; m. Special 1. In... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary
VOLT, ah, on volt, husband. (specialist.). 1. In dressage riding: a sharp circular turn. 2. In fencing: evading an enemy's blow. II. VOLT, ah, gen. pl. volts and preferential when counting. volt, man Unit of electrical voltage and electrical force ... Ozhegov’s Explanatory Dictionary
volt
– VOLT, ah, m. Sharpie’s trick: overexposure. ◘ What I showed you I call a dead volt. V.V. Krestovsky. St. Petersburg slums, 1864 1867. ◘ Teach me how to make volts! A.N. Ostrovsky. Forest, 1870. ◘ In commercial games one... ... Card terminology and jargon of the 19th century
Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
1. VOLT1, volta, rod. pl. volt, man (physical). A unit of measurement for electrical current voltage. (Named by Italian physics Volta.) 2. VOLT2, volta, about volta, on volta, man. (French volte). 1. Detour around the arena during horseback riding exercises... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
VOLT 2, a, rod. pl. volts and preferential when counting. volt, m. Unit of electrical voltage and electrical force. Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
Driving around the arena during horse riding exercises (sports); circular track of the arena (sports) (Ushakov) See ... Dictionary of synonyms
On the run. Jarg. they say Joking. Confusion in thoughts. Maksimov, 68. Volt flew (flew). Jarg. they say Joking. About a long and cheerful laugh. Maksimov, 68. Two hundred and twenty volts. Jarg. school Joking. Physics teacher. (Recorded 2003) ... Large dictionary of Russian sayings
VOLT
– VOLT, a practical unit used to measure potential differences (electrical). 1 V equals 108 absolute electromagnetic units (CGSM) potential, or ^zoo absolute electrostatic unit (CGSE). This is approximately the difference... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia
VOLT 1, a, per volt, m. (special). Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary
Books
- Bolt, Jesse Russell. This book will be produced in accordance with your order using Print-on-Demand technology. High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Volt (Russian designation: V; international: V) – in...
- Bolt (cartoon), Jesse Russell. This book will be produced in accordance with your order using Print-on-Demand technology. High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! “Volt” (English Bolt) is a full-length computer…
