Signal frequency conversion: circuits, spectra, inversion

What is the problem?

As we already said in the lesson about time functions and about the PWM signal, the microcontroller has several timers that can perform different functions, in particular, generate a PWM signal. In order for the timer to generate PWM, it must first be configured by editing the timer register. When we work in the Arduino IDE, timers are configured without our knowledge in the Arduino.h library, and actually receive the settings that the developers wanted. And these settings are not very good: the default PWM frequency is low, the capabilities of timers are not fully used. Let's look at the standard PWM of the ATmega328 (Arduino UNO/Nano/Pro Mini):

In fact, all timers can easily produce 64 kHz PWM signal, and timer 1 is generally 16 bit, and at the frequency that the Arduino gave it, it could work with a resolution of 15 bits instead of 8, and this, for a moment, is 32768 gradations padding instead of 256 !!! So why such injustice? Timer 0 is responsible for counting time, and is configured to keep the milliseconds ticking accurately. And the rest of the timers are simply combed to zero with one brush, so that the Arduino operator does not have any unnecessary problems. This approach is generally understandable, but if only they could make at least a couple of standard functions for a higher frequency, seriously! Okay, if they didn't do it, then we will.

DC Voltage Boost

The general principle of increasing DC voltage by an arbitrary number of times

The transformer method of increasing voltage cannot be used in DC networks. Therefore, if it is necessary to solve this problem, more complex devices are used, the operation of which is based on the following circuit: a constant input current is used to power a generator, from the output of which an alternating signal is removed. The alternating voltage is increased in one way or another, after which it is rectified and smoothed to obtain a higher constant voltage.

The block diagram of such a converter is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5. General block diagram of a boost converter

Certain types of schemes differ from each other:

• the shape of the signal taken from the output of the generator (sinusoidal or close to it, sawtooth, pulse, etc.);
• the principle of increasing the generated voltage (transformer, multiplier);
• type of rectification and smoothing of voltage before applying it to the output of the device.

Setting the PWM frequency via registers

As we discussed in the previous lesson, the microcontroller is configured at a low level through registers, so PWM generation is configured through timer registers. Next you will find several ready-made “pieces” of code that just need to be inserted into setup() , and the PWM frequency will be reconfigured (the prescaler and the timer operating mode will change). You can still work with a PWM signal using the analogWrite() , controlling the PWM filling on standard pins.

Changing the PWM frequency on ATmega328 (Arduino UNO/Nano/Pro Mini)

Pins D5 and D6 (Timer 0) - 8 bits

// Pins D5 and D6 - 62.5 kHz TCCR0B = 0b00000001; // x1 TCCR0A = 0b00000011; // fast pwm // Pins D5 and D6 - 31.4 kHz TCCR0B = 0b00000001; // x1 TCCR0A = 0b00000001; // phase correct // Pins D5 and D6 - 7.8 kHz TCCR0B = 0b00000010; // x8 TCCR0A = 0b00000011; // fast pwm // Pins D5 and D6 - 4 kHz TCCR0B = 0b00000010; // x8 TCCR0A = 0b00000001; // phase correct // Pins D5 and D6 - 976 Hz - default TCCR0B = 0b00000011; // x64 TCCR0A = 0b00000011; // fast pwm // Pins D5 and D6 - 490 Hz TCCR0B = 0b00000011; // x64 TCCR0A = 0b00000001; // phase correct // Pins D5 and D6 - 244 Hz TCCR0B = 0b00000100; // x256 TCCR0A = 0b00000011; // fast pwm // Pins D5 and D6 - 122 Hz TCCR0B = 0b00000100; // x256 TCCR0A = 0b00000001; // phase correct // Pins D5 and D6 - 61 Hz TCCR0B = 0b00000101; // x1024 TCCR0A = 0b00000011; // fast pwm // Pins D5 and D6 - 30 Hz TCCR0B = 0b00000101; // x1024 TCCR0A = 0b00000001; // phase correct

Pins D9 and D10 (Timer 1) - 8 bits

// Pins D9 and D10 - 62.5 kHz TCCR1A = 0b00000001; // 8bit TCCR1B = 0b00001001; // x1 fast pwm // Pins D9 and D10 - 31.4 kHz TCCR1A = 0b00000001; // 8bit TCCR1B = 0b00000001; // x1 phase correct // Pins D9 and D10 - 7.8 kHz TCCR1A = 0b00000001; // 8bit TCCR1B = 0b00001010; // x8 fast pwm // Pins D9 and D10 - 4 kHz TCCR1A = 0b00000001; // 8bit TCCR1B = 0b00000010; // x8 phase correct // Pins D9 and D10 - 976 Hz TCCR1A = 0b00000001; // 8bit TCCR1B = 0b00001011; // x64 fast pwm // Pins D9 and D10 - 490 Hz - default TCCR1A = 0b00000001; // 8bit TCCR1B = 0b00000011; // x64 phase correct // Pins D9 and D10 - 244 Hz TCCR1A = 0b00000001; // 8bit TCCR1B = 0b00001100; // x256 fast pwm // Pins D9 and D10 - 122 Hz TCCR1A = 0b00000001; // 8bit TCCR1B = 0b00000100; // x256 phase correct // Pins D9 and D10 - 61 Hz TCCR1A = 0b00000001; // 8bit TCCR1B = 0b00001101; // x1024 fast pwm // Pins D9 and D10 - 30 Hz TCCR1A = 0b00000001; // 8bit TCCR1B = 0b00000101; // x1024 phase correct

Pins D9 and D10 (Timer 1) - 10 bits

// Pins D9 and D10 - 15.6 kHz 10bit TCCR1A = 0b00000011; // 10bit TCCR1B = 0b00001001; // x1 fast pwm // Pins D9 and D10 - 7.8 kHz 10bit TCCR1A = 0b00000011; // 10bit TCCR1B = 0b00000001; // x1 phase correct // Pins D9 and D10 - 2 kHz 10bit TCCR1A = 0b00000011; // 10bit TCCR1B = 0b00001010; // x8 fast pwm // Pins D9 and D10 - 977 Hz 10bit TCCR1A = 0b00000011; // 10bit TCCR1B = 0b00000010; // x8 phase correct // Pins D9 and D10 - 244 Hz 10bit TCCR1A = 0b00000011; // 10bit TCCR1B = 0b00001011; // x64 fast pwm // Pins D9 and D10 - 122 Hz 10bit TCCR1A = 0b00000011; // 10bit TCCR1B = 0b00000011; // x64 phase correct // Pins D9 and D10 - 61 Hz 10bit TCCR1A = 0b00000011; // 10bit TCCR1B = 0b00001100; // x256 fast pwm // Pins D9 and D10 - 30 Hz 10bit TCCR1A = 0b00000011; // 10bit TCCR1B = 0b00000100; // x256 phase correct // Pins D9 and D10 - 15 Hz 10bit TCCR1A = 0b00000011; // 10bit TCCR1B = 0b00001101; // x1024 fast pwm // Pins D9 and D10 - 7.5 Hz 10bit TCCR1A = 0b00000011; // 10bit TCCR1B = 0b00000101; // x1024 phase correct

Pins D3 and D11 (Timer 2) - 8 bits

// Pins D3 and D11 - 62.5 kHz TCCR2B = 0b00000001; // x1 TCCR2A = 0b00000011; // fast pwm // Pins D3 and D11 - 31.4 kHz TCCR2B = 0b00000001; // x1 TCCR2A = 0b00000001; // phase correct // Pins D3 and D11 - 8 kHz TCCR2B = 0b00000010; // x8 TCCR2A = 0b00000011; // fast pwm // Pins D3 and D11 - 4 kHz TCCR2B = 0b00000010; // x8 TCCR2A = 0b00000001; // phase correct // Pins D3 and D11 - 2 kHz TCCR2B = 0b00000011; // x32 TCCR2A = 0b00000011; // fast pwm // Pins D3 and D11 - 980 Hz TCCR2B = 0b00000011; // x32 TCCR2A = 0b00000001; // phase correct // Pins D3 and D11 - 980 Hz TCCR2B = 0b00000100; // x64 TCCR2A = 0b00000011; // fast pwm // Pins D3 and D11 - 490 Hz - default TCCR2B = 0b00000100; // x64 TCCR2A = 0b00000001; // phase correct // Pins D3 and D11 - 490 Hz TCCR2B = 0b00000101; // x128 TCCR2A = 0b00000011; // fast pwm // Pins D3 and D11 - 245 Hz TCCR2B = 0b00000101; // x128 TCCR2A = 0b00000001; // phase correct // Pins D3 and D11 - 245 Hz TCCR2B = 0b00000110; // x256 TCCR2A = 0b00000011; // fast pwm // Pins D3 and D11 - 122 Hz TCCR2B = 0b00000110; // x256 TCCR2A = 0b00000001; // phase correct // Pins D3 and D11 - 60 Hz TCCR2B = 0b00000111; // x1024 TCCR2A = 0b00000011; // fast pwm // Pins D3 and D11 - 30 Hz TCCR2B = 0b00000111; // x1024 TCCR2A = 0b00000001; // phase correct

Usage example

void setup() { // Pins D5 and D6 - 7.8 kHz TCCR0B = 0b00000010; // x8 TCCR0A = 0b00000011; // fast pwm // Pins D3 and D11 - 62.5 kHz TCCR2B = 0b00000001; // x1 TCCR2A = 0b00000011; // fast pwm // Pins D9 and D10 - 7.8 kHz 10bit TCCR1A = 0b00000011; // 10bit TCCR1B = 0b00000001; // x1 phase correct analogWrite(3, 15); analogWrite(5, 167); analogWrite(6, 241); analogWrite(9, 745); // yes, range 0-1023 analogWrite(10, 345); // yes, range 0-1023 analogWrite(11, 78); } void loop() { }

Important! When you change the frequency on pins D5 and D6 , you will lose the time functions (millis(), delay(), pulseIn(), setTimeout() and others), they will not work correctly . Libraries that use them will also stop working!

If you really want to

If you really want or really need an overclocked PWM on the system (zero) timer without losing time functions, then you can adjust them as follows:

#define micros() (micros() >> CORRECT_CLOCK) #define millis() (millis() >> CORRECT_CLOCK) void fixDelay(uint32_t ms) { delay(ms << CORRECT_CLOCK); }

Defines need to be placed before connecting libraries so that they can get into the code and replace functions. The only thing is that you won’t be able to adjust the delay inside another library in this way; you can use fixDelay() for yourself as written above. The most important thing is CORRECT_CLOCK. This is an integer equal to the ratio of the default timer divider and the new one set (for PWM overclocking). For example, we set the PWM to 8 kHz. From the list above we see that the default divider is 64, and 7.8 kHz will be 8, that is, 8 times less. CORRECT_CLOCK set appropriate.

#define CORRECT_CLOCK 8 void fixDelay(uint32_t ms) { delay(ms << CORRECT_CLOCK); } void setup() { pinMode(13, 1); // Pins D5 and D6 - 4 kHz TCCR0B = 0b00000010; // x8 TCCR0A = 0b00000001; // phase correct } void loop() { digitalWrite(13, !digitalRead(13)); fixDelay(1000); }

Quote “The frequency of the Earth is 7.83 Hz, it cannot change, what you say is complete nonsense and was invented by charlatans to sell the corrector and extract money from the people.”

Imagine my indignation, the physics teacher says this, so it was useless to argue, and there was nothing to prove. I didn't want to be unfounded. I decided to find out more about the frequency of the Earth and this is what I found:

The effect of standing waves was first discovered by Nikola Tesla, and only more than five decades later this effect was studied in more detail and became known as the Schumann Resonance.

The assumption about the existence of a resonance of electromagnetic waves in the Earth-ionosphere space was made in the 50s by Professor of the University of Munich Otto Schumann.

Over the course of 60 years, after numerous studies and double-checks, the standard frequency of the Earth was precisely determined to be 7.83 Hz.

Since then, in science, this frequency is called the Schumann resonance frequency or Schumann wave. Some scientists and researchers often call all frequency radiation from the Earth Schumann waves. Currently, the frequency of 7.8 Hz is the main one for magnetic therapy devices.

Quote

The earth and the surrounding air layer form a giant spherical resonator. From the point of view of radio engineering, these are two huge spheres placed one inside the other. Between them there is a cavity limited by conducting surfaces.

In such a resonator, according to experts, waves of a certain length propagate well. In addition to the Schumann frequency, other frequencies are also defined - 8, 14, 20, 26, 32 Hz.

It is believed that at higher frequencies the resonances are almost imperceptible. These frequencies practically coincide with the frequencies of alpha and beta rhythms of the human brain.

Experts have divided brain waves into four categories, each corresponding to a specific level of consciousness. The unit of measurement for brain waves—as with sound waves—is the hertz (Hz).

1. Beta waves: 14 to 20 Hz. Corresponds to the normal state of wakefulness. 2. Alpha waves: 8 to 13 Hz. Occurs during daytime sleep or meditation. 3. Theta waves: 4 to 7 Hz. Corresponds to the state of deep sleep and meditation. 4. Delta waves: 0.5 to 3 Hz. A sign of deep sleep, complete immersion in meditation or trance.

According to the observations of most researchers, for thousands of years the standard frequency of the Earth's pulsation (Schumann frequency) remained constant and was equal to 7.83 Hz, but recent studies show that this frequency has increased and is currently about 12 Hz.

It should also be noted that due to many reasons, the Earth's natural frequency is constantly changing. Some Western researchers claim that the standard frequency of the Earth / Schumann frequency / began to increase in the 90s. Only in 1994 it was 8.6 Hz, but by 1998 it had increased to 11.2 Hz and many times exceeded the permissible calculated level.

Let's try to consider a few very important questions:

1/.Can we assume that for each level of spiritual development of a person and society there corresponds a certain level of frequency radiation?

2/ Is it possible to assume that with a certain decrease in the spiritual level of human society, according to the law of critical mass, an impact on the standard frequency of the Earth can occur?

3./What could be the connection between the frequency pulsation of the Earth and the frequency pulsation of the entire human society?

4./Can the deterioration of the environment under the influence of human activity change the standard pulsation of the Earth?

5./How, based on frequency pulsations, can the spiritual and physical health of a person and the ecology of the Earth be interconnected?

Theory about the mutual connection and harmony of the spiritual and physical state of human society and the geophysical state of the Earth based on frequency resonance

In this theory, I consider the phenomenon of resonance of frequency radiation of a person, society and frequency pulsations of the Earth as the basis for the existence of all human civilization.

I believe that the frequency radiation of the Earth, including the Schumann frequency of 7.8 Hz, should support a healthy frequency component of a person.

The standard frequency of the Earth's pulsation or the Schumann frequency of 7.8 Hz and all other frequency pulsations are the optimal basis of life on our planet, programmed and encoded in frequency radiation.

But it is quite possible that, ideally, the standard frequency of the Earth should be 7 Hz.

Researcher Michael Huchinson calls the frequency 7.83 Hz the electromagnetic matrix of all life on this planet and the fundamental frequency in which life developed and passed through.

These life-giving frequency pulsations of the Earth, according to many experts, are uneven throughout the day and can be most active in the atmosphere at sunrise.

In radio engineering there is such a thing as Carrier frequency - this is the main frequency of any source of radio waves/radio stations, walkie-talkies, radars... ./. According to the law of radio engineering, the receiver is tuned to the Carrier frequency of the transmitting station and then at the moment of resonance we can receive the most powerful and high-quality signal.

In addition to the Carrier frequency, any radio transmitting device also emits low-power side frequencies or harmonics. As far as I know, radio engineers in common wiring diagrams make little use of Side Frequencies for any purpose and believe that Side Frequencies or harmonics interfere with nearby TV and radio stations and try to suppress them.

If we change the Carrier frequency of the transmitting station by increasing the Carrier frequency, the Side frequencies increase accordingly. It turns out that the Side frequencies are, as it were, tied to the Carrier frequency of any radio transmitting device. The side frequency can be located either above or below the Carrier frequency.

I would like to add that each Carrier frequency emits only its specific Side frequencies. Thus, having made a short excursion into radio engineering, so that dear readers have a general understanding of the Carrier frequency and Side frequencies, I conclude that the standard Earth frequency or the Schumann frequency can operate according to approximately the same laws of radio wave propagation, working on the principle of the Earth Carrier frequency, and all other frequencies of the Earth are based on the operating principle of the Side Frequencies.

This is one of the features of the Theory of mutual connection and harmony of the spiritual and physical state of human society and the geophysical state of the Earth based on frequency resonance.

Now let’s consider the general structure of the person himself, as a “low-frequency receiver”, which must be tuned to the Earth’s Carrier frequency or Schumann frequency, as well as its Side frequencies.

A person with a certain spiritual program must also have a Carrier frequency. According to my preliminary calculations, a person with a different level of spiritual program can have several stepped Carrier frequencies H1 - H7.

Although in this case a person should be designed as a “low-frequency radio transmitter.” It is possible that a person has both a transmitting and receiving part of low-frequency waves.

Professor Michael Persinger from the Laboratory of Psychophysiology of the University. Lorana in Toronto suggests that the role of a carrier of psi information can be played by the infra-low frequency (ILF) of Schumann waves.

Technical questions arise. In what form is there a program within the Carrier Frequency of the Earth / Schumann Frequency / to create a resonance with the spiritual program of a person?

This may sound a little strange. But I believe that not only the Carrier frequency of a person, but also all the Side frequencies of the human physical body must be tuned to the Side frequencies of the Earth and have resonance.

This may also be one of the oddities of human frequency radiation.

A person’s spiritual program must create its own Carrier frequency, which must be tuned to the Carrier frequency of the Earth and be in resonance with it.

Only then can the human physical body emit frequencies that will correspond to the principle of operation of Side Frequencies in radio engineering and they must also be in resonance with the Side Frequencies of the Earth.

As long as the Carrier frequencies of man and the Earth are tuned to the same frequency and are in resonance, the Side frequencies on both sides will also be in resonance.

Human society will perceive the phenomenon of resonance as universal harmony. It would also be nice to experimentally establish where the Side Frequencies of the Earth, allocated for the resonance of the Side Frequencies of the human physical body, can be located, above or below the Carrier Frequency of the Earth.

I think that the Supreme Creator separated the frequency radiations of the human physical body from all other frequency radiations of living beings on Earth.

Why can the Carrier frequency of a person’s spiritual program be coordinated in such a complex way with the frequencies of the internal organs of the physical body?

In my opinion, only in order to connect universal human spiritual values ​​with the physical body of a person into a single whole.

Only then is a situation possible when human society, having independently changed moral values ​​in society, automatically changes the frequency radiation of the human physical body.

Then the Carrier frequency of a person’s spiritual program must change, and after it the Side frequencies of the physical body will automatically change.

The changed Side frequencies of the human physical body will not be tuned to the frequency radiations of the Earth programmed to maintain the physical health of a person, or, as I call them, Side frequencies of the Earth.

It is in this case that the resonance of the frequency radiation of a person’s physical body with the frequencies of the Earth is lost, or, to put it more simply, the connection between a person and the Earth is lost and human society puts itself on the brink of spiritual and physical self-destruction.

This can occur in the form of wars, global economic and social crises, global epidemics of infectious diseases, global epidemics of non-infectious diseases, global environmental disasters, which will only increase and take on dangerous, distorted, unpredictable forms.

As I already said, humanity has been constantly warned about this for centuries in the teachings of generally recognized world religions. This is the second and important feature of the Theory of mutual connection and harmony of the spiritual and physical state of human society and the geophysical state of the Earth based on frequency resonance.

I would like to emphasize that for each level of spiritual state of both one person and the entire society, not only certain diseases can appear, but also each level of spiritual development of a person and society can have its own frequency radiation.

The research I have conducted shows that not only a person is connected and depends on the spiritual state of society, but also society depends on the spiritual state of one person.

Any person living on Earth, deprived of resonant support in the form of certain rhythms or frequency pulsations of the Earth, may develop certain diseases, including neuropsychic and cardiovascular diseases.

That is why the treatment of such diseases with conventional medicinal methods cannot give an effective result, and the number of such patients around the world will only grow catastrophically.

The nature of the spread of such diseases will resemble an epidemic of infectious diseases and they will be caused by stress viruses.

The stress viruses that I have already mentioned can arise when society reduces the level of spiritual programs to a dangerous, critical level. Inside each person’s spiritual programs, according to my calculations, there are special security programs that resemble an anti-virus program on a computer.

When such protective programs are destroyed, the human nervous system is subjected to a powerful attack by dangerous stress viruses, against which the body has no anti-stress protection.

Schumann's frequency pulsation of 7.8 Hz, as I already said, according to the calculations of Western experts, began to increase in the 90s. Let me remind you that over the past 10-15 years, according to reports from doctors from different countries, the number of nervous, mental and cardiovascular diseases worldwide has increased from 30 to 40%.

As long as human society observes universal moral values ​​or programs laid down in us by the Creator, the vital organs of the human body will be in resonance with the Side frequencies or radiations of the Earth, as it was laid down from the very beginning of human life on Earth and then the physical health of the human society should be at the highest level.

In this case, both sides will work on the same wavelength and will be in resonance or as we say, human society will be in harmony with the environment.

Only in the presence of these two factors is a full and reasonable life on Earth possible with a high level of health, socially protected population of the Earth from economic crises and political upheavals.

Under such conditions, I think that the Golden Age that Nostradamus wrote about could begin for human society on Earth.

The theory of the mutual connection and harmony of the spiritual and physical state of human society and the geophysical state of the Earth based on frequency resonance shows how, through frequency influence, the Earth can maintain the rhythm of life of the entire living and plant world, including human life.

Due to changes in the ecology of the Earth, both the Schumann frequency or the Carrier frequency of the Earth, as well as its Lateral frequency emissions, may change. Then the human physical body may also lose contact with the frequency radiations of the Earth.

From all that has been said, it follows that by destroying and destroying the ecology of the Earth, we destroy and destroy the basis of life on Earth. The resonance effect shows how the human body is directly dependent on the ecological state of the Earth.

When we say that natural resources cannot be destroyed and that this is dangerous for human existence and human society, almost everyone can agree with this, even those who today rob and destroy the Earth’s natural reserves for the sake of profit and wealth.

Both human society and the ecology of the Earth not only depend on each other, but also mutually support each other. Human society must recognize that not only physical health, but also the very existence of the entire human civilization on our Earth directly depends on the ecological state of the Earth.

But human society also needs to realize, in my deep conviction, that it is no less important to restore universal spiritual values ​​for all people living on Earth, regardless of nationality, political beliefs and skin color.

I believe that moral values ​​are coded special programs that can have numerous functions, but one of the main tasks of these programs is to protect human society from self-destruction.

Alexey Dmitriev - professor, doctor of geological and mineralogical sciences, candidate of physical and mathematical sciences, specialist in global ecology, believes that human society should now strive not to improve the standard of living, but to increase the level of morality.

The future of humanity is impossible if human society does not recognize universal moral values ​​and does not comply with them.

And at the same time, in my opinion, today it does not matter how a person will observe universal moral values ​​- by being a believer or by being a decent and cultured person.

This is a personal matter for each person. But if we want to survive in this world, we must comply with these universal, spiritual laws laid down in us by the Almighty Creator.

This is also proven and explained by the Theory of the mutual connection and harmony of the spiritual and physical state of human society and the geophysical state of the Earth based on frequency resonance.

As I already said, the human body is programmed to work in certain frequencies and only by being within these acceptable limits can it have good health and a long life expectancy.

I reach such conclusions not only after reading the works of many philosophers, scientists, theologians and ancient sacred books, but also after making certain calculations.

In an abbreviated form in this article, I presented my general conclusions so as not to bore my dear readers with a long explanation of all the nuances of each of my findings or conclusions.

If research institutes conduct research in this area, I am sure that they will come to the same conclusion regarding this theory.

Both data on the frequency pulsation of the Earth and well-known data on the frequencies of the internal organs of the human physical body may have slight deviations and require additional scientific research.

The whole question is how many people living on this Earth today need and care about such knowledge. The easiest way is to live without bothering yourself with unnecessary thoughts and go with the flow of life in the general flow.

Even if the Theory about the mutual connection and harmony of the spiritual and physical state of human society and the geophysical state of the Earth based on frequency resonance corresponds to reality, a lot of time will pass before human society will be able to rebuild itself, abandoning wars, violence and hatred.

Thus, after reading the basics of this Theory, the following conclusions arise:

Human society, if it wants to exist on this planet, was not given the right by the Almighty Creator:

1/.Change the universal moral values ​​or programs embedded in a person by the Creator,

2/.Disturb the programmed ecological balance of the Earth.

Since almost all processes associated with human life on Earth are directly or indirectly related to the spiritual component of human society and they do not end only with changes in the ecology of the Earth.

A sufficient amount of data has accumulated confirming that the life and death of people living on Earth is supported by certain processes both on the Sun and on the Moon.

Philosophers of past centuries spoke about this, both Georgiy Gurdjieff and our contemporaries - astronomer of the Pulkovo Observatory, Professor Nikolai Kozyrev.

Professor Kozyrev put forward the hypothesis that the Moon is powered by the energy of the Earth and that the “feeding” of the Moon comes through Time. Thus, Time is considered as a physical factor involved in these processes.

George Gurdjieff also said that our personal salvation, the well-being of humanity, as well as the evolution of the Earth and the solar system are closely linked to each other in the process of universal transformation on which the existence of the world depends.

I will allow myself to suggest that the frequency radiation of people can be captured in space by planets, including the Sun and Moon.

I also believe that during their lives, people with low spiritual culture, according to the law of critical mass, can negatively impact not only human society, but also the frequency pulsation of the Earth.

Today the press is getting information that many states have powerful low-frequency installations that can influence the frequency pulsation of the Earth.

When exposed to a super-powerful installation on the frequency pulsation of the Earth, according to some scientists, it is possible to change the direction of the Earth's magnetic field.

That is, the north will move to the south and vice versa. It is assumed that changing the direction of the Earth's magnetic field can change the direction of the Earth's movement.

It is necessary to ban not only underground nuclear tests, but also super-powerful low-frequency installations that can affect the magnetic field and frequency pulsation of the Earth.

There is also evidence that a group of Canadian researchers led by David Suzuki, constantly observing the Sun, witnessed an unknown phenomenon back in 1950: spiral-shaped radiation escaped from the Sun and passed very close to the Earth.

This phenomenon, according to the researchers, led to increased wobble of the Earth's axis. The deviation increased, and the return of the axis to its previous position slowed down.

Canadian researchers claim that these changes can also lead to a shift in the Earth's poles.

In addition, the acceleration of the frequency pulsation of the Earth, if we take 7.8 Hz as the standard frequency, up to 12-14 Hz and higher can cause acceleration of processes in the Earth's core, increase the number of earthquakes and intensify the activity of volcanoes, and cause irreversible changes in the Earth's atmosphere.

There are a large number of serious scientific works by scientists and independent researchers who prove that the risk of global natural disasters is constantly increasing every year and this can lead to unpredictable consequences for human society and the ecology of the Earth.

If the very basis of my Theory about the mutual connection and harmony of the spiritual and physical state of human society and the geophysical state of the Earth based on frequency resonance is confirmed and proven in the near future by the scientific work of scientists and researchers, then this could become one of the significant scientific discoveries of the 21st century.

Everything in this world, starting from a tiny leaf on a tree and the planets of the solar system moving in their orbits in space, is interconnected and interdependent.

Only by understanding these universal laws, we could understand the True meaning of human existence on Earth and only based on these higher laws of the Most High and Wise Creator, build a more intelligent life on this Earth.

The Bulgarian clairvoyant Vanga often spoke about this. Associate Professor Jordanka Peneva recalls Vanga’s words:

??She told me that the Lord laid down his wisdom in the universal laws. Everything in the world must be considered as a single whole, otherwise humanity will perish. Everything you understand about universal forces needs to be told to people.

Vanga said: “Everything that was, will be and is, is written down in ancient books. Their signs themselves will speak and explain what needs to be done to save the Earth. The Lord will be grateful if you understand the universe.”??

It is not for nothing that philosophers repeat that human essence cannot be explained and understood without explaining and understanding the very essence and diversity of the world around us.

The theory of the mutual connection and harmony of the spiritual and physical state of human society and the geophysical state of the Earth based on frequency resonance is the intellectual property of the author.

From the moment this article was published in the media, the use of the very idea and basis of my Theory about the mutual connection and harmony of the spiritual and physical state of human society and the geophysical state of the Earth based on frequency resonance by other individuals and legal entities in any form as their own idea, theory or hypotheses are unacceptable and this will be considered theft of the author’s intellectual property and will be prosecuted on the basis of generally accepted international laws!

Copying individual excerpts from the article concerning the Theory itself without mentioning the author's last name is prohibited!

When reprinting an article, be sure to indicate the author's last name!

Vakha Dizigov

The Schumann resonance is the phenomenon of the formation of standing electromagnetic waves of low and ultra-low frequencies between the Earth's surface and the ionosphere.

The Earth and its ionosphere are a giant spherical resonator, the cavity of which is filled with a weakly electrically conductive medium. If the electromagnetic wave that arises in this environment after circling the globe again coincides with its own amplitude (enters resonance), then it can exist for a long time.

Characteristics

After numerous studies and double-checks, the frequency of the Schumann resonance was precisely determined - 7.83 Hz. Due to the wave processes of the plasma inside the earth, peaks are most clearly observed at frequencies of approximately 8, 14, 20, 26, 32 Hz. At higher frequencies, resonances are presented on the website of the Tomsk Geophysical Laboratory; these are critical frequencies.

For the fundamental, lowest frequency, variations within 7-11 Hz are possible, but for the most part during the day the spread of resonant frequencies usually lies within ±(0.1-0.2) Hz. The spectral density of oscillations is 0.1 mV/m and usually lasts 0.3-3 seconds, less often - up to 30 seconds.

The intensities of resonant oscillations and their frequencies depend on the time of day.

At night, the amplitude of resonant waves is 5-10 times smaller, due to a decrease in the rate of water flow in the ocean conveyor (OC), and a decrease in the mutual speeds of the OK loops. depending on the time of year.

In the summer months (from May to August) (in the northern hemisphere), resonance frequencies increase [4]; In the south (February-March) from its location on the globe.

Schumann waves are most clearly expressed near the world's centers of thunderstorms: Africa, South America, Indonesia, India (in places of unidirectional water flow loops in the OK).

In the polar regions, the amplitude peaks at these frequencies are no longer so pronounced (the minimum current component of the electric field strength vector E). At the poles, the magnetic field strength vector H is maximum, vector E is minimal, at the equator it is the opposite of solar activity.

During magnetic storms, their intensity increases by 15%. There are cases of excitation of frequencies at 12500 Hz, which corresponds to the movement of the earth's core at a depth of 3.6 km from the center of the earth's core

on the rate of water flow in the OK (ocean conveyor) phases of the moon, periods of solar activity (SA)

History of research

The assumption of the existence of a resonance of electromagnetic waves in the Earth-ionosphere space was made by Professor of the University of Munich Schumann (Winfried Otto Schumann) in 1952[5]. He did not attach any significance to this assumption, but published an article about it in a physics journal.

This article was read by physician Herbert Konig, who drew attention to the coincidence of the wave frequency calculated by Schumann with the alpha wave range of the human brain. He contacted Schumann and they continued their research.

In the same 1952, they experimentally confirmed the existence of such natural resonances [6].

Difficulties in studying Schumann waves are due to the fact that their reception requires special, very sensitive equipment[7] and a corresponding environment: even the movement of trees, animals or people near the receiver can affect its readings[8].

Stations for continuous monitoring of the Schumann resonance are located: Russia, Tomsk, Tomsk State University.

Data on the site is updated every two hours; Slovakia, Modra, geophysical observatory.

Mentions

Schumann resonance plays an important role in explaining technology in the science fiction anime series Lane's Experiments.

In one of the X-Files season series (DPO), Agent Mulder mentions the Schumann resonance "...Jnana alone is purity, jnana is the achievement of God, jnana which is free from the forgetfulness of the Self, jnana alone is immortality, jnana alone is everything." Sri Ramana Maharishi

Schumann resonance is the phenomenon of the formation of standing electromagnetic waves between the Earth's surface and the ionosphere in the region of low and ultra-low frequencies.

“the waves are excited by discharges in the clouds (lightning) and magnetic processes on the Sun.”

These waves are dampened by many building materials and are necessary for synchronizing biological rhythms and the normal existence of all life on Earth.

The absence of these waves can cause headaches, disorientation, nausea, dizziness, etc. “People experiencing great stress and stress need these waves.

In addition, the absence of Schumann waves is acutely felt by elderly and vegetatively sensitive people, as well as chronic patients. This can lead to headaches, disorientation, nausea, dizziness, etc.”

“The Earth and the surrounding air layer (ionosphere) form a giant spherical resonator. From the point of view of radio engineering, these are two spheres placed one inside the other, the cavity between which is limited by conducting surfaces.”

“In such a resonator, waves of a certain length propagate (“resonate”) well.” The exact resonance frequency is 7.83 Hz. There are also peaks at frequencies around 8, 14, 20, 26, 32 Hz.

The frequency of the waves changes throughout the day, because... on the sunny side, the reflective layer (Heaviside layer) is located lower than the night reflective layer.

There is information that “the Schumann frequency suddenly began to rise! And soon from 8 hertz it will increase to 13-15.

And this is already the frequency of the beta rhythm. And the beta rhythm is the rhythm of wakefulness.

Therefore, as soon as this happens, all people will begin to sleep, dream and meditate in reality.

And then all the wonders of the new four-dimensional world will appear to them. In fact, everything is far from so rosy.

For this to happen, it is necessary that either the diameter of the Earth decreases by several hundred kilometers, or the lower boundary of the ionosphere rises from the usual 60-70 to 300-400.

Which, in fact, happens regularly. Every night, by the way. Moreover: the Schumann frequency varies depending not only on the time of day, but also on the season.

And therefore it can easily increase to 10-11 hertz.”

“NASA uses Schumann wave generators to ensure the normal functioning of its personnel”

“Dr. Robert Becker has measured the brain waves of many healers around the world during healing sessions. He discovered that they all have the same frequencies - 7-8 Hz, regardless of their religious and spiritual traditions, and are synchronized with Schumann waves in both frequency and phase."

“The Schumann wavelength is approximately 38,000 km, which corresponds to the circumference of the Earth. Also, each lightning produces vibrations with a frequency of 7.83 Hz.”

“The Schumann wave, propagating at the speed of light, circles the planet 8 times per second.”

7 - 13 Hz: “Thus, cyclones and frontal sections generate electromagnetic waves in this range.

They, spreading inside the global Earth-ionosphere resonator, serve as harbingers of a storm for many representatives of the biosphere.”

link

Libraries for working with PWM

In addition to manually fiddling with registers, there are ready-made libraries that allow you to change the Arduino PWM frequency. Let's look at some of them:

• PWM library (GitHub) is a powerful library that allows you to change the PWM frequency on ATmega48 / 88 / 168 / 328 / 640 / 1280 / 1281 / 2560 / 2561 microcontrollers, of which 328 are on UNO/Nano/Mini, and 2560 are Arduino Mega . Allows you to set any PWM frequency, prescaler, TOP
• When working with 8-bit timers, only one channel is available (for example, on the ATmega328 D3 , D5 , D9 and D10 )
• Allows you to work with 16-bit timers at a higher resolution (16 bits instead of standard
• The library is written in a very complex way; it’s impossible to take it apart piece by piece.
• See examples in the library folder!