Who is responsible for lighting the local area of ​​an apartment building? Lighting standards and what to do if there is no light?

Lighting standards

The norms and rules of street lighting are regulated by various regulations and GOST (state standards). These include:

1. GOST R 55708-2013.
2. GOST R 55707-2013.
3. GOST 4677-82.
4. GOST 28682-90.
5. GOST IEC 60598-2-3-2012.
6. GOST IEC 60598-2-5-2012.
7. GOST IEC 60598-2-13-2011.
8. GOST R 55706-2013.
9. SNiP 23-05-95.
10. MGSN 2.06-99.
11. And others.

In such legal sources, the viewing angle of the light beam is regulated (if the distance between them is greater, more height of the poles will be required), illumination dimensions (the optimal height is taken into account and calculated), brightness (if the required light intensity is greater, then they need to be set lower than the expected level).

Street lighting standards in populated areas vary depending on the objects. The following are standard:

1. The tilt angle is at least 80-90 degrees.
2. The installation angle is respectively 30 Cd for 80 degrees and 10 Cd for 90 degrees (calculation is made at 1000 lm).
3. The brightness is set to 10-50 cd depending on the tilt angle when calculating per 1000 LM.

The devices themselves (their technical characteristics) are also taken into account. All of them must comply with additional standards and have a certificate of conformity.

Peculiarities

The main purpose of urban street lighting is to ensure the safe movement of vehicles and pedestrians. This category includes lighting of various territorial areas of the city, including squares, overpasses, bridges, tunnels, parking lots, vehicle parking, roadways and pedestrian paths.

ATTENTION! Lanterns located above entrance doors and on the facade of residential buildings do not belong to street lighting.

Lighting, like any service, must be provided in compliance with established norms, standards and requirements. In the city, at least 80% of the length of streets must be illuminated.

The level of lighting in a certain area depends on the intensity of vehicle traffic, infrastructure development, population density in the area, energy efficiency and local budget capabilities.

Central streets and boulevards should be illuminated much better than areas located on the outskirts of the city.

Street lighting is turned on and off strictly according to a schedule, which may differ depending on the extent and population density in the locality. In different cities, this schedule may be the same or radically different. Regardless of this, lighting devices are turned on and off at different times - the longer the daylight hours, the later they light up.

If there is snow, rain, snow or fog outside, street lighting is turned on earlier and turned off later than scheduled with a difference of 15 minutes.

Stages of installing lighting in the courtyard of a house

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To carry out the work on your own, you must follow the instructions, since if the recommendations are violated, there is a danger of electric shock to people and animals. Remember the following:

1. Before starting work, turn off the power supply to prevent damage. Install a separate automatic machine in the instrument panel, select the power for the equipment. Remove the cable from the house in any convenient way, preferably underground.
2. It is best to use the underground cable laying method, it is safer and the appearance of the site does not deteriorate. It is necessary to dig a trench 90 cm deep to reach all the lamps. A 20 cm thick cushion of crushed stone is poured onto the bottom, a cable is laid on top, which is placed in a corrugated sleeve and HDPE pipe to protect it from any influences.
3. It is best to solder cable connections to improve contact and protect against oxidation. Heat shrink tubing is then placed to seal the joint. Leave a margin of length at each pin for convenient connection.
4. When filling a trench, it is better to place warning tape at a depth of half a meter. If excavation work is carried out later, you won’t have to guess where the cable is - if you come across a tape, it means it’s under it.
5. The installation of luminaires depends on their design and installation method provided by the manufacturer. Most often, holes are drilled for anchors in tiles or other substrates. Or you may need to pour concrete platforms for installation. There are options that just need to be stuck into the ground, which is convenient and does not require preparation. Hanging models must be secured in such a way as to prevent them from falling.
6. Use sealed connectors to connect the wiring. Or solder the twists, insulate them and cover them with heat-shrink tubing.

If an area for lamps is being concreted, it is best to pass a corrugated hose with a wire through it.
If you use autonomous solar-powered lamps, you will not have to lay a cable or prepare a project. They simply stick into the ground in the right places and start working right away. To extend its service life, you should put the equipment indoors for the winter.

Installing lighting in the courtyard of a private house is not difficult if you understand the main varieties, choose lamps and make a detailed project

It is necessary to think in advance which connection method is suitable, and when carrying out work, pay primary attention to the safety and reliable protection of connections

Choosing lamps to illuminate the garden inside

Specialized stores for the site and garden stock a huge assortment of lamps in different price categories. Let's divide them into three large groups, which differ from each other in the type of lighting element installed in the device. Here are the most common varieties now:

• Sodium . Inside the lamp of such a lamp there is sodium in gaseous form. When an electric current passes through it, the lamp emits a soft and even light with a warm tint. This feature makes sodium lamps indispensable for decorative lighting of objects on the site. It is impossible not to note the long service life of such lamps, it is about 3 - 4 years.
• LED . These lamps have taken over the market in recent years and are considered the most high-tech. It is for this reason that the price tag for LED lamps is still high, although even at this cost the purchase will be profitable. An economical, surge-resistant LED lamp can last about 6 years. Also, on many models it is possible to adjust the power, and, therefore, adjust the illumination to individual needs.
• Halogen is the most common group of devices at the moment. The principle of their operation is similar to sodium lamps: there is a gaseous substance in the lamp bulb, the passage of current provokes a glow, which, by the way, is much brighter than that of standard incandescent lamps. Such lamps are a complete golden mean in this segment: they are quite cheap, do not break down for a long time, are quite economical and provide a lot of light.

We would like to separately mention autonomous lamps for the site. Although they are, in fact, representatives of the group of LED devices, they work according to a unique principle. At the top of such a lamp there is a solar battery, and while the sun is shining, the lamp charges the battery, which then powers the lighting element. Due to the fact that LED is used as a lamp, the charge lasts for a very long time. Consequently, such a lamp fully justifies its title of autonomous.

Let us demonstrate in the photo what designs there are for autonomous lamps for the site - from classic to avant-garde.

A separate advantage of such a device is its mobility. Conventional lamps need to be mounted, as well as wiring to them. Autonomous models, in most cases, just need to be stuck into the ground - this completes the installation process. Dismantling of devices occurs with the same simplicity, so you can easily, if necessary, remove all lighting fixtures from the local area for a while.

Lighting of courtyard areas - whose headache is it?

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Responsibilities for retrieving data from a public meter are assigned to the management organization and are carried out in the presence of the head of the housing council or his deputy. The company supplying electricity, for its part, can request data from the meters at any time. Homeowners are prohibited from blocking access to collective electricity meters to employees of an energy-saving company and management company employees.

The most effective and economical solution for yard lighting is automatic lighting control using an astronomical relay. This equipment has a program that regulates the switching on/off of lighting lamps depending on sunrise/sunset. She herself adjusts the operation of the yard lighting according to the annual cycle of daylight hours, depending on the season and regional location.

No light on the streets or in the yard

First you need to identify the problem:

• light bulb needs replacing
• poor lighting or additional lighting required,
• there is no lighting.

If there is visible damage to the light bulb, you can first report it to the housing and communal services manager. The telephone number is provided on the website of the corresponding company.
If the problem is not solved, you need to go to the City Administration, since it is the one who enters into an agreement with the electrical networks.

Purpose of lanterns

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The installation location of lamps in the yard is determined by the need to illuminate a particular area: the entrance, garden path, flower bed or pond. Depending on the tasks assigned, yard lighting devices can be divided into several categories.

Functional

The main task of functional lighting is to provide sufficient visibility in any area. Thanks to this type of lighting in the yard, you can ensure safe movement after dark.

Various types of lighting equipment can be installed for street lighting:

• Lamps and spotlights installed on the facade of a building or free-standing supports help illuminate garden areas, local areas, etc.
• Landscape street lights - characterized by low legs or direct installation in the ground, provide visibility of paths of buildings and structures in the yard.
• Floor lamps for street lighting are located at human height and are designed to illuminate a small area around, roads, driveways, entrances, gardens and other elements.

In addition to a powerful luminous flux, functional lighting must also ensure minimal energy consumption, so it is worth using LED lights here.

Security

Designed solely to prevent unauthorized entry of strangers into or near the yard. Used to illuminate any area of ​​your home, space, area, etc. Constantly switching on the light at the entrance gate, fence or generally around the perimeter provides good visibility, but this is too expensive. Therefore, it is advisable to automate security lighting using a motion sensor, so that the lighting devices act as an alarm system, notifying that a person is approaching.

Festive

Festive courtyard lighting is intended to decorate the area for a specific event - New Year, birthday, etc. Unlike the previous type, they are installed temporarily - in relation to some holiday. Here you can also use architectural lighting, lighting paths, decorating gazebos and terraces. Garlands, LED strips and themed lamps are used as courtyard lighting devices.

Functionality and decorativeness of area lighting

When developing a general lighting scheme, the project usually includes both existing types of lighting - functional and decorative. The task of the first of them is to ensure comfortable movement around the territory and reduce the possibility of unauthorized entry of strangers into it. But the task that decorative lighting at home solves is to give the buildings and the estate as a whole individuality. For this, a wide variety of effects and techniques can be used - for example, contour lighting of a building, accent lighting of bushes and trees, illumination of reservoirs.

When creating decorative lighting, LED spotlights or strips are most often used as light sources, and, a little less often, all kinds of garlands made up of LED emitters. Moreover, monochrome LEDs are used quite rarely - RGB matrices provide much more possibilities, allowing you to choose any color of the glow.

Who is responsible for lighting the local area?

Logically, local government is responsible for organizing lighting in the courtyards of apartment buildings. But in order to ensure that the light bulbs do not burn out or are not stolen, constant monitoring is needed. The residents themselves can carry out this process.

Also, when drawing up an agreement, the documents must indicate the boundaries of the land plot, according to the land act, which is kept directly by the head of the management company.

The management company is responsible for fulfilling the necessary parameters for successful energy supply of the courtyard complex:

• determining the duration of operation of lighting devices at night;
• how many lanterns will be installed in the visibility of the area immediately adjacent to the house, as well as individual sections of the yard;
• during what period of time the lighting will be organized.

If for some reason the management company fails to fulfill its responsibilities, then the residents of the building have the right to change it to another.

The article of the law on lighting the local area of ​​an apartment building, confirming these actions, came into force in 2003. Based on this regulation, it follows that all the owner’s residential property, as well as outbuildings and other buildings in the local area, are common property. This means that payment for street lighting is included in utility bills legally and cannot be disputed.

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Photo source: https://www.pexels.com/

Where might is right, right is powerless

Japanese proverb

For some reason, in our country, the idea of ​​blaming everything on the weaker side of relations, including financial ones, constantly comes to the minds of those in power, and not only those (also the financially stronger ones). And the courts and state supervisory authorities are not lagging behind them in this regard.

Regular innovations in legislation always involve some costs: time, financial, etc. However, changes to laws often do not indicate sources of funding for their “improvements.” It is supposed that they are paid for by the performers in the person of entrepreneurs and ordinary citizens - after all, it was for them that the authorities came up with these improvements: after all, they think about the good of the people...

It is very sad that easing the tax and supervisory burden for small and medium-sized businesses, improving life and raising its standard for citizens are just proclaimed slogans in our country. In fact, we see the opposite. At the very least, innovations in legislation and law enforcement practice do not contribute to the implementation of these slogans and do not correspond to them.

So in the housing and communal services sector, all improvements for owners always require financing by management organizations (MAs). No one is interested in the fact that the owners do not want to take part in general meetings, where the payment for all mandatory work on maintaining the house should be approved. And in general, the owners do not want to raise this fee in 99% of cases. There is no legal liability for failure to fulfill their obligations by owners in this matter.

Although the norms of housing legislation directly state the imperative rule that all necessary legal requirements for the maintenance of a house are provided through economically justified financing from the owners of premises in an apartment building (hereinafter referred to as MKD).

All responsibility and blame went to the management organizations, which are to blame, however, as always: they work poorly and were unable to hold a meeting so that the owners approved a new tariff for its services, naturally with an increase (after all, a decrease in prices for anything occurred in our country only during the USSR).

It is only for resource supply organizations (RSOs) that tariffs are accepted at the state level with all their necessary costs included in them. And then they try to gain some additional preferences for themselves, successfully lobbying their interests in legislative and judicial bodies.

Some local government bodies (LGUs) are trying to make the lighting of the local area and intra-block passages (hereinafter referred to as street lighting) the responsibility of the management organization. I have repeatedly seen responses from local self-government bodies addressed to management organizations, where this responsibility of the management was directly pointed out by the “smart heads” of representatives of the municipal government. Not to mention the fact that the standards for the maintenance of common property for electricity and other resources are constantly being cut and do not ensure that these costs, which include lighting of the common areas of apartment buildings, are fully transferred to the owners of the premises of an apartment building. And management organizations are to blame themselves, “entrepreneurial risks”, so to speak...

It is encouraging that, for the most part, the courts and the Prosecutor's Office in this matter do not agree with this opinion of local self-government bodies in all regions. And this fact allows managing organizations to avoid imposing an additional financial burden, which is already considerable, thanks to the smart legislative initiatives of the Ministry of Construction and deputies of various professions.

In accordance with Part 1 of Article 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Housing Code of the Russian Federation), the owners of premises in an apartment building own, by the right of common shared ownership, the common property in the apartment building.

According to Part 3 of Article 39 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the rules for maintaining common property in an apartment building (MCD) are established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated August 13, 2006 No. 491 approved the Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building (hereinafter referred to as Rules No. 491), which regulate relations regarding the maintenance of common property owned by the right of common shared ownership to the owners of premises in an apartment building.

The composition of common property in an apartment building is determined by part 1 of article 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, as well as paragraph 2 of Rules No. 491 and is exhaustive.

External lighting networks in the local area are not included in the common property of an apartment building. That is, the obligation of owners of premises in apartment buildings to bear the costs of street lighting of the residential complex of the Russian Federation, Rules No. 491 do not directly contain

.

In accordance with clause 19 of part 1 and part 3 of article 14 and clause 25 of part 1 of article 16 of the Federal Law of October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ “On the general principles of organizing local self-government in the Russian Federation” (hereinafter referred to as the Law on LSG) to issues of local importance of an urban, rural settlement, urban district include the organization of improvement of the territory of an urban, rural settlement, urban district

(in particular,
street lighting
).

In accordance with Part 2 of Article 18 of the Law on LSG, financial obligations arising in connection with the resolution of issues of local importance are fulfilled at the expense of local budgets

(with the exception of subventions provided to local budgets from the federal budget and budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation).

In accordance with clause 4, part 2, art. 45.1 of the Law on Local Self-Government, issues of organizing lighting of the territory of the municipality, including architectural lighting of buildings, structures, and structures can be regulated by the Rules for the improvement of the territory of the municipality.

Ministry of Construction of Russia in Letter dated September 18, 2017 No. 33418-ACh/04

“On organizing the repair of street (yard) lighting” notes that in accordance with clause 19, part 1 and part 3 of Art.
14 and paragraph 25, part 1, art. 16 of the Law on Local Self-Government includes the organization of improvement of the territory of an urban, rural settlement, urban district (in particular, street lighting) as issues of local importance for an urban, rural settlement, urban district. In this regard, the organization and repair of street (yard) lighting falls within the competence of local governments
.

The only possible case for the imposition of such responsibilities and expenses for street lighting will be cases when all the following conditions coincide in the aggregate:

• the land plot of the local area has been formed and is owned by the owners of the apartment building premises;
• street lighting is included in the design documentation and utility networks were built at the expense of participants in the shared construction of this apartment building and transferred to the owners as part of the general property of the apartment building;
• the specified street lighting performs the functions of illuminating the local area of ​​only one apartment building.

Thus, based on the literal interpretation of the law, if the elements of street lighting are not part of the common property of the apartment building, that is, in the absence of the above conditions, assigning the costs of street lighting to the apartment building to the owners, read the management organization, is contrary to the law. Although there is also reverse law enforcement practice of the courts, which does not guarantee a decision in favor of the MA in a particular case.

Judicial practice on disputes regarding the assignment of responsibilities for street lighting in apartment buildings is as follows.

Decision of the Orenburg Regional Court (upheld by the JSC Armed Forces of the Russian Federation dated October 3, 2022 No. 47-APG18-4 ): “From the systematic interpretation of the stated rules it follows that the land plot on which the apartment building is located and the boundaries of which are determined on the basis of state government data cadastral registration, with elements of landscaping and landscaping, facades, entrances, buildings and address tables (indicator of street names, house numbers, apartment entrances) on houses in the evening must be illuminated and compliance with established requirements must be borne by property owners.

Letter No. 33418-ACh/04 of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation dated September 18, 2022 cannot become the basis for satisfying the demands of the administrative plaintiff, since from the meaning of this letter it follows that local governments are entrusted with the responsibility for organizing street lighting, then There is lighting for places that are not in the shared ownership of the owners of the premises of an apartment building.

At the same time, clause 5.5.8 of the contested Landscaping Rules provides for the obligation of the owners and managers of the company to provide external lighting for “yard areas”.

Clause 2.23 of the Rules defines “designated territory” as a part of the city territory provided in accordance with the established procedure to legal entities, individual entrepreneurs and citizens on the right of ownership, lease, or other right of use

Clause 2.32 of the Rules contains a definition of the concept of “domestic territory” - the territory allocated in the prescribed manner for a residential building (building, structure), including that included in the technical passport of the residential building (building, structure), and associated economic and technical structures, and includes: the territory under a residential building (building, structure); driveways and sidewalks; green areas; playgrounds for children; recreation areas; sports grounds; areas for temporary parking of vehicles; sites for economic purposes; sites equipped for the collection of solid municipal waste; other territories related to the maintenance and operation of a residential building (building, structure) (clause 2.31).

Paragraph 2.32 defines what refers to the “adjacent territory” - the territory directly adjacent to the boundaries of a land plot, building, structure, residential building, fence, construction site, retail facilities (stationary, non-stationary), public catering facilities, utility networks and other objects owned, possessed, used by legal entities or individuals, individual entrepreneurs, with lawns, small architectural forms, other objects of improvement and landscaping (clause 2.32).

The Housing Code of the Russian Federation in paragraph 4 of part 1 of Article 36 classifies as the common property of the owners of an apartment building the land plot on which the house is located, with elements of landscaping and landscaping, other objects intended for the maintenance, operation and improvement of this house and located on the specified land plot . The boundaries and size of the land plot on which the apartment building is located are determined in accordance with the requirements of land legislation and legislation on urban planning.

Thus, neither the Land Code of the Russian Federation, nor the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, nor the Housing Code of the Russian Federation contains the concept of “yard territory”, nor is this concept given a definition in the Landscaping Rules approved by the decision being appealed.

The lack of a clear definition of which land plot belongs to the “yard territory” does not meet the criterion of formal certainty of a legal norm, allows for ambiguous interpretation of legal concepts, and therefore allows for a free (broad) interpretation of this term, and, as a consequence, imposing on the owners the obligation to organize illuminating an area that does not belong to them.”

The impression from the above court decision is twofold. It seems that the norms of the municipal regulatory act did not comply with the higher law and contained ambiguities in the interpretation. However, the court did not dare to say that these responsibilities should be assigned to local self-government bodies by force of law, but preferred to floridly justify that this was not the reason for the decision on the illegality of legal acts. And the Letter of the Ministry of Construction of the Russian Federation, precisely based on the norms of housing legislation, was dismissed out of hand in the decision. That is, both ours - it seems, and yours... Okay, at least the illegal norms of the Landscaping Rules were abolished - and thank you for that.

Appeal ruling of the RF Supreme Court in the case

:
“Guided by the position set forth in the Resolutions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated April 25, 1995 No. 3-P, dated July 15, 1999 No. 11-P, dated November 11, 2003 No. 16-P and dated January 21, 2010 No. 1- P, with the explanations contained in paragraph 25 of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated November 29, 2007 No. 48 “On the practice of courts considering cases challenging normative legal acts in whole or in part,” the court of first instance came to the reasonable conclusion that
when In the absence of a clear definition of which particular land plot belongs to the courtyard area, it is impossible to draw an unambiguous conclusion that the external lighting networks of the courtyard area are part of the common property of an apartment building, therefore, the burden of organizing the lighting of the courtyard area and maintaining the necessary property will be assigned on persons to whom this territory and property do not belong.” Appeal ruling of the Sverdlovsk Regional Court dated October 26, 2022 in case No. 33-18622/2017: “ At the same time, having established that the Zonal HOA has the main type of activity indicated in the extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities “management of the operation of the housing stock for a fee or contractual basis,” the court of first instance came to the incorrect conclusion that the responsibilities of the HOA include carrying out work to organize lighting of the intra-block territory

. At the same time, the court did not take into account the provisions of subsection. “b” and “h” clause 11 of the Rules for the maintenance of common property in an apartment building, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 13, 2006 No. 491, by which the maintenance of common property includes ensuring the readiness of in-house engineering power supply systems and electrical equipment included in common property, for the provision of public electricity supply services; as well as their current and major repairs.

The erroneousness of the court’s conclusions is directly indicated by subparagraph “e” of paragraph 2 of the said Resolution, according to which the land plot on which the apartment building is located is included in the common property, and the boundaries of which are determined on the basis of state cadastral registration data, with elements of landscaping and landscaping.”

In this case, a new decision was made, which satisfied the claims

prosecutor of the Dzerzhinsky district of the city of Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk region, in the interests of an indefinite number of persons, to
the Administration of the city of Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk region, to assign responsibility for organizing street lighting near the apartment building.
However, judicial acts on claims of RSO against local self-government bodies for the recovery of expenses for street lighting in municipalities are mainly negative for RSO.

In principle, this is not a problem for management organizations; after all, bumps must sometimes fall on RSO, but they still cannot collect the cream without any losses. After all, our laws (adopted not without increased influence from nearby RSO forces) allow them to do just that...

As the famous actor Bruce Willis said: “When the going gets tough, you have two options: submit or walk through the fire.” If we apply this expression to relations in housing and communal services, then management organizations, when trying to pin these costs (and not only) on them, have two options: submit or sue all the ideas of local self-government bodies and others like them that do not comply with the law, up to the Supreme courts of the Russian Federation.

launched the “Tests” service, with which you can test your knowledge in the field of housing and communal services. The website provides more than just a qualifying test. On this resource you can test your knowledge on more than 35 topics, and topics are constantly being added. You can take the tests here.

Sincerely, Ilmira Nosik.

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Standards for lighting the territory of a kindergarten

For lighting the territory of a kindergarten or schoolyard, there is a separate paragraph in the same SNiP 05/23/95* Natural and artificial lighting

Standards for lighting the territory of a kindergarten in Moscow. MGSN standards 2.06-99 “Natural, artificial and combined lighting”

Standards for lighting areas adjacent to public buildings

Standards and requirements

To have an idea of ​​how to defend your rights in the event of a lack of lighting, you need to understand how street lighting is arranged. The main points of SNiP rules and building codes are:

• monuments and architectural objects must be illuminated,
• lighting of main and secondary roads is carried out taking into account the type of road surface and its ability to reflect light,
• For each individual object, a specific level of horizontal illumination is provided, so for highways this value corresponds to 20 lux, for regional roads - 15 lux, for streets 4-6 lux is enough.

Watch the video: How city lighting works

Selecting the lighting control type

Depending on the frequency of use, all yard lighting devices can be divided into devices with automatic and manual activation. The first method is relevant for those houses where the light in the yard should come on with the onset of darkness and go out with the first rays of dawn. If you want to control the lighting process yourself, it is better to install manual or mechanical switching.

Mechanical

To implement the mechanical switching on of lighting in the yard, key switches or contactors are installed. The first option is used for low-power loads, when one switch runs several LED lamps with low power. The contactor is used to switch powerful lighting in the yard when you have several lighting groups installed that create a large load. At the same time, you can divide all the yard lighting groups under several key switches or buttons if you run them using a remote control.

Automatic

Lighting automation allows you to eliminate the human factor as much as possible from controlling the switching process. This will allow you not to worry about lighting while you are away or eliminate the need to constantly turn on and off yard lighting.

To implement automatic backlighting, the following can be introduced into the power supply circuit of LED spotlights:

• photo relay - turns on the yard lighting when it gets dark;
• motion sensor - supplies power only when moving in a given area of ​​space;
• time relay - allows you to set a program for turning on and off in a certain time interval (from a daily schedule to several minutes).

All of the above automation tools can be installed either separately or together. For this, a serial connection diagram is used, as shown in the figure below:

Lighting in the basement

There are special requirements for organizing basement lighting due to the special microclimate inside the room. As a rule, it is always humid there and dampness may occur, so lamps must meet electrical and fire safety standards.

The power must be reduced to 42 W using a step-down transformer. The lamp body must be grounded. When laying cables, it is not recommended to connect copper and aluminum wires, which react when exposed to moisture. The wiring is placed in special corrugated pipes called a sleeve.

To illuminate underground spaces, it is recommended to take a lamp with a protection level of at least IP 44, this will prevent dust and moisture from entering the lamp. The illumination standard for the basement is 20 Lux.

Courtyard lighting - how to properly illuminate

Any actions that relate to the organization of lighting in a house, on the street or in any public or industrial structure must be based on specific norms, rules and requirements. Many today think that the requirement is relevant only for premises where people do their work or relax. But this is a misconception, since improperly organized street lighting can cause no less harm to people’s lives and health than indoor lighting. All standards that relate to what kind of lighting should be provided for an apartment building and the surrounding area are specified in the regulatory documentation - SNIP. At the same time, a big role here is given to the level of illumination, which must be organized in each specific situation. Below is a table that shows the illumination standards for certain moments of external lighting in the local area.

Standards for illumination of the local area

It is these lighting standards that should be relied upon by organizations involved in the creation of street lighting for houses and the surrounding area.

At the same time, cities and villages have their own lighting standards, dictated by various parameters and characteristics of the locality. For example, to influence the calculation that will be carried out to calculate the illumination standard for a particular case, it should be based not only on the instructions of SNIP, but also on:

• the area of ​​the house, as well as the territory adjacent to it;
• the number of lighting fixtures that will be included in the outdoor lighting system, as well as their type;

House lighting fixtures

type of light source screwed into street-type lamps. Today, incandescent lamps, on the basis of which illumination standards were calculated for various rooms and areas of the street, are becoming a thing of the past. Instead, LED, halogen and fluorescent light sources are increasingly being used. Each type of light bulb has its own operating parameters (power, etc.), which must be taken into account when making the necessary calculations.

All these manipulations and calculations, which are necessary for high-quality lighting of the house and the surrounding area, must be carried out by qualified specialists and regulated by government agencies responsible for street lighting.

Why is house lighting necessary?

Creating high-quality lighting in the local area is an important part of the infrastructure of every district of the city. Illumination near the house performs the following tasks, which become necessary with the arrival of evening and night:

• creates sufficient illumination of the roadway, which is located in the courtyard of the house. Thanks to it, all irregularities and features of the road surface, as well as the surrounding area, are clearly visible even at night;
• ensuring good visibility both for vehicles entering parking spaces and for pedestrians who are walking around the yard at this time;
• allows people and vehicles to navigate well in space, which minimizes the risk of injury or accident;
• increases safety in yards, since, according to statistics, robbers do not attack their victims in well-lit areas.

Note! High-quality lighting of the house and the surrounding area can improve the crime situation in the area.

Night yard lighting

But in order for the night lighting of an apartment building and courtyard to perform its assigned functions, it must be organized in a certain way, necessarily based on established standards.

Additional features of outdoor lighting

For example, in the Russian Federation, Federal Law No. 131-FZ of October 6, 2003 (as amended on July 21, 2007) was adopted, which assigns the responsibility of the authorities for the creation of street lighting on the territory of the municipality. According to this law, as well as a number of other legislative documents, local authorities must monitor not only the proper organization of street lighting, but also the maintenance of the system in working order.

Home lighting

In fact, the external lighting of the building area should be monitored by the state housing and communal services service (its individual divisions), as well as divisions of energy companies to implement the technical aspects of street lighting. The territorial administration must pay for their work. Also responsible for street lighting of houses and adjacent territories may be other organizations with which an appropriate agreement has been concluded, or companies whose balance sheet includes the engineering system of a particular locality. It is these organizations that determine the following parameters for street lighting of the local area:

• duration of operation of lighting devices at night;
• the number of lights that will be installed near the house and the surrounding area;
• What time will the lights turn on?

Therefore, if for some reason there is no lighting on the street, you need to contact the above-mentioned organizations and companies, which will be different for each individual area of ​​the settlement. Of course, the question “where to go or complain if there is no light in the yard of the house” can be answered in different ways.

Today, lighting of the local area can be done in several ways. The first option for organizing courtyard lighting involves placing a wall lamp above the entrance canopy.

Entrance lighting

Any type of lamp, as well as light source (LED, fluorescent, etc.) can be used here.

Recently, economical light sources have begun to be used for these purposes, which allow saving energy, which is very important for this type of lighting. This lighting option allows you to illuminate only the area in front of the entrance

Second lighting option

In this case, the lamps should be located at an angle of 25 degrees to the horizon. This lighting option provides a much larger area of ​​illumination for the yard, which will cover not only the area in front of the entrance, but part of the roadway. The third option for lighting the yard. It involves the use of both types of lighting devices described in the previous versions.

Third option for courtyard lighting

In addition, floor lamps are used to illuminate the local area. The distance between them is also regulated by regulatory documents, as are lighting standards. With the help of such lighting devices placed along the road, you can provide high-quality illumination of the roadway, as well as playgrounds and parking lots located in the courtyard of an apartment building.

Yard lighting with lanterns

Since external lighting fixtures for the local area of ​​any multi-apartment building can be located within human reach, without the use of additional means (for example, stairs), additional protection of the lamps from vandals is needed. In this regard, all lighting installations located in the courtyard of an apartment building must be equipped with anti-vandal devices.

Anti-vandal protection of the lamp

This will prevent premature damage to the lamp.

We invite you to familiarize yourself with the car driver's job responsibilities.

Drawing up a complaint

An appeal to the municipality must be made in simple written form. The applicant can be one citizen or several (in the latter case we are talking about a collective complaint).

In the text of the appeal, it is important to indicate the following questions to the local administration:

• what organization is engaged in servicing lamps in a certain area;
• who is the customer under the contract concluded with this organization;
• who is responsible for maintaining lighting at the proper level in a particular location.

The text of the complaint must indicate a request to take appropriate measures to correct the problem with street lighting. In addition, it is worth referring to paragraph 4, paragraph 14 of Article No. 131 of the Federal Law, according to which issues of energy supply to a populated area are the responsibility of the local administration.

You can make a complaint yourself using the standard template presented on the website, or order it from a specialist (the latter’s services are provided on a paid basis).

The law does not impose clear requirements for the text of the appeal, however, the document must contain certain information in order to be accepted for consideration.

If there is no light on the street in front of an apartment building or on a street with several private houses, experts recommend filing a collective complaint. This way, residents will have a better chance of getting the issue resolved as quickly as possible.

Useful information: Where to complain if the yards are not cleaned?

Control methods

When designing street lighting with your own hands, think about how it will turn on/off. The most common and familiar method is manual control. Switches or switches are installed in the house, which are manually turned on or off. This is quite reliable, requires virtually no cost (only for the purchase of a switch, switch) and is often used to turn on decorative lighting. When needed, they turned it on; when they got tired or it was time to sleep, they turned it off.

Do-it-yourself street lighting: first of all, we develop a plan for placing lamps on the territory

But this type of control of security lighting or path lighting is convenient only if someone is constantly in the house (and does not suffer from forgetfulness). If from time to time there is no one in the house, or you have to return from work late, this method of control causes discomfort: the light can only be turned on when it is dark when entering the house (or garage). This problem is solved by automating the switching on/off of street lighting.

To automate the control of external lighting of a private house or cottage, use:

• Time relay.
• Motion sensors.
• Photosensitive sensors (light).

These devices are connected in series. In the normal state, their contacts are open, power is not supplied to the lamps. When triggered, the contacts close and supply power to the lighting fixtures.

The installation location depends on the operating principle. Light and motion sensors are installed on the street, usually close to lamps, but it is more appropriate to install time relays in the house.

Connection diagram for time relay and light sensor (photo relay)

What devices are best to use? Depends on the type of outdoor lighting. For example, on a driveway it is worth installing both motion and light sensors. Light-sensitive sensors will work when dusk comes, but the light will not appear until a moving object (car) appears in the coverage area. To prevent the lighting from turning off as soon as the car drives away, the motion sensor must have a shutdown delay. Convenient and economical, but not without drawbacks. The disadvantage is that incorrectly configured sensors can turn on the light “unauthorized”. Sometimes this happens in cloudy weather, sometimes dogs, cats and even birds are mistaken for a car or a person.

The lighting of paths and stairs can be turned on according to the same principle, or you can install a time relay. But this option is not very convenient, since the settings have to be changed periodically - with each change of season, or even more often. When developing street lighting with your own hands, think about ways to turn it on/off so that you don’t have to redo it later.

Rules for filing a complaint

If a lamp or lighting device has failed and as a result the lantern does not light, you must contact the management company in your area. If a light bulb burns out or is missing in a lamp located near the house, on the facade or entrance, you must contact the housing and communal services service.

You can complain, ask a question you are interested in or make a rational proposal on the topic of lighting city streets to the relevant organizations orally and in writing. Verbal options:

1. if there is no light on the street, you need to call the unified housing and communal services dispatch service at telephone number 115;
2. you can call the operational dispatch service of the city's Gorsvet system enterprise, the hotline of the executive committee or the housing and communal services service;
3. make an appointment with the executive committee or the head of the housing and communal services service.

When calling, be sure to introduce yourself, give your home address and briefly state the essence of your request.

You can complain about poor city lighting on the street or in the courtyard of a residential building in writing by following simple recommendations:

• Send an appeal by email or post a complaint on the website of the housing and communal services service (executive committee) in a special section.
• Write a complaint and bring it personally to the executive committee or housing and communal services service. If desired, it can be sent by courier or by mail.

In written and electronic appeals, you must indicate your contact information (last name, first name, patronymic, registration address and telephone number), date and highlight the essence of the appeal. A written appeal must be signed, and an electronic version must include an email address.

If the lights in your city are partially out of order or there is no lighting system, as often happens in new neighborhoods located on the outskirts of the city, the problem must be solved immediately.

IMPORTANT! When contacting the relevant authorities, you will have to prepare for the fact that such issues are rarely resolved instantly.

The local Administration is responsible for lighting on the streets and courtyards of cities. She must be responsible for the absence and insufficient lighting of city streets, and after filing a complaint, within a month, correct the current situation and ensure the safety of area residents and passers-by.

Our website “ukaz.wiki” is a non-profit project and exists only thanks to the enthusiasm of the author. Unfortunately, the financial situation in the country and the significantly “grown” dollar force us to seek help. Any help to the project is a good step on your part; you become, at least a little, a co-author of the project and directly influence its further development.

Requirements for the appearance of fencing

According to the rules and regulations, the fence around an apartment building can have a different appearance. Features depend on what object is being fenced, for example:

• if the houses form a closed perimeter or courtyard space, border on dilapidated or emergency housing, it is allowed to install transparent fences no more than 1.6 m high, fencing elements - up to 0.75 m (solid structures are unacceptable);
• for all other types of multi-storey or mid-rise housing, it is allowed to use transparent structures no higher than 0.9 m as a fence;
• sports grounds may be fenced with transparent fences up to 2.5 m;
• fences up to 1.6 m are suitable for playgrounds;
• It is allowed to install a fence up to 2 m high around the dog walking area;
• To limit access to containers with garbage, blind or combined fences up to 1.6 m high are used, and the installation of special canopies is allowed.

The fencing of the courtyard area of ​​an apartment building must be protected from the effects of precipitation. Most often this is done using coloring. The entire fence will have to be treated with protective paint; partial painting is unacceptable.

Who is responsible for lighting the local area?

Logically, local government is responsible for organizing lighting in the courtyards of apartment buildings. But in order to ensure that the light bulbs do not burn out or are not stolen, constant monitoring is needed. The residents themselves can carry out this process.

Important! In order for the supply of electricity to be uninterrupted, residents of the house should enter into an agreement either with the management company or with a contracting organization, namely the developer. A prerequisite for concluding an agreement is to have the document certified by a notary, otherwise the agreement will not have legal force.

Also, when drawing up an agreement, the documents must indicate the boundaries of the land plot, according to the land act, which is kept directly by the head of the management company.

The management company is responsible for fulfilling the necessary parameters for successful energy supply of the courtyard complex:

• determining the duration of operation of lighting devices at night;
• how many lanterns will be installed in the visibility of the area immediately adjacent to the house, as well as individual sections of the yard;
• during what period of time the lighting will be organized.

If for some reason the management company fails to fulfill its responsibilities, then the residents of the building have the right to change it to another.

This is interesting! Since courtyards and playgrounds are not public lands, but are adjacent to houses, it turns out that payment for lamps to maintain them in working condition is included in utility bills.

The article of the law on lighting the local area of ​​an apartment building, confirming these actions, came into force in 2003. Based on this regulation, it follows that all the owner’s residential property, as well as outbuildings and other buildings in the local area, are common property. This means that payment for street lighting is included in utility bills legally and cannot be disputed.

What to do if there is no light?

If there is no light in the yard for any reason, residents of the house who are dissatisfied with this state of affairs can legally come with complaints to the local administration.

Before making fiery statements about the employees of the above-mentioned administrative body, you need to carefully read Federal Law No. 131, which states that local governments and no one else are responsible for organizing street lighting.

Even in Russia, there is a special GOST, which sets out the requirements for the order in which lighting is organized.

Complaints must be submitted in writing to the administration in charge of the municipality. Oddly enough, they are the ones who should be responsible for maintaining street lighting.

When drawing up a complaint, you must be guided by the Federal Law, which was mentioned above.

It clearly lists all the responsibilities that are assigned to bodies involved in local self-government.

It is among their responsibilities that the organization of energy supply for the entire population is included.

For greater persuasiveness, the written complaint must be accompanied by the signatures of all residents of the dissatisfied building. This will give it collective order and within a month it will definitely be reviewed and action taken.

If the administration refuses to take action, then residents can immediately apply to the court. Such a statement must indicate the very fact of inaction of local government bodies.

You can also add that they refuse to fulfill their legal duties. However, in such a situation, it should be remembered that no one needs a conflict with the administration that is blown out of nowhere, especially if it promises to drag on for a long time.

But if the power supply magically disappeared, in general, then something should definitely be done about it, and a statement to the court would be a completely adequate response on the part of the residents.

The same should be done if the lighting equipment is completely faulty.

In the case when the question concerns several burnt out light bulbs, it will be enough to simply contact the Municipal Economy Committee under the Administration.

Most often, they respond very quickly to signals from residents and ensure that the yard is illuminated as required by law.

Features of privatization:

Lighting standards

Lighting standards for the local area of ​​an apartment building are established in accordance with SP 52.13330.2011, namely:

• there must be at least 6 suites at the entrance to the building;
• there must be at least 4 suites on the pedestrian path leading to the building;
• main passages running in microdistricts should be illuminated at 4 lux;
• secondary passages, as well as courtyards and various utility areas should be illuminated within 2 lux.

In addition, there are pre-designed lighting options. They provide for a specific placement of lighting fixtures and their corresponding type. The options are as follows:

1. Option number one involves having a lantern under the canopy above the door to the entrance.
   The flashlight can be anything, even LED.

   The advantage of this option is its low cost.

   This is due to the fact that the flashlight does not require much power. The disadvantage is that only the space in front of the door is illuminated, and the approaches are in the dark.

2. Option number two involves placing the lighting fixture on the wall of the building directly above the driveway canopy.
   The flashlight is located at a height of approximately 8.5 m. In such a situation, you need to use a lamp that has a circular luminous intensity and can produce a luminous flux equal to 3600 lumens. In this case, the lantern should be located at an angle of 25 to the horizon. With this method of lighting, only the space in front of the front door suffers. The shadow from the entrance canopy falls there.
3. The third option involves using both types of lantern placement at the same time.
   This measure more than satisfies all lighting standards for the local area. However, the cost of maintaining such lighting will be, by definition, high.

When residents are faced with the task of designing lighting for their yard, in addition to the financial component, they must take into account such factors as the resistance of the lanterns to hooligans and protection from falling icicles in the winter.

Whatever option the citizens living in the house choose, they must first of all be guided by the lighting standards that are adopted in Russia.

They were invented for a reason, and failure to comply with them can result not only in liability before the law, but also in some human casualties.

Features of the territory

Arrangement of the yard of the house begins with an inspection of the territory. The homeowner must decide what first of all he wants to see on his site

After this, they seek the help of specialists who will conduct the necessary analysis of the specific situation, tell you what to look for and help with site planning. Share your thoughts with them, tell them the plan in great detail, and then listen to their opinions. Experts, having assessed the situation, make adjustments, add or remove items

Experts, having assessed the situation, make adjustments, add or remove points.

There are criteria that should be thought through in advance:

• Presence of pets. If a dog will live in the yard, then you need to designate a place and present a booth. Answer the question: will she walk freely around the territory or should a section be allocated;
• Indoor or outdoor yard. If you plan to park a car in the yard, then it is advisable that it be located in a place protected from weather conditions;
• Will there be a place on the site for crops or is it intended for recreation?

The yard and the house should look harmonious. The design of the site is arranged in accordance with the construction.

Classification of outdoor lighting

Types of lighting devices, their power, design, installation rules and much more depend on the object of illumination. Types of street lighting:

Dvorovoye

Yard lighting is designed to create an artificial light flow in the adjacent home area, driveways, playgrounds, etc. Creating lighting increases the level of safety at night.

For yard lighting, lamp posts, wall lanterns, spotlights, and, more rarely, elements of designer lighting and lighting are used. Street lamps are equipped with an anti-vandal system and a high degree of protection.

To illuminate the entrance to the house's entrance, wall lamps of the reinforced concrete type are used. It has a warm white light that does not irritate the human eye, and creates good visibility in poor visibility conditions (snowfall, fog, rain).

Yard lighting

Road

Road lighting is clearly defined by the rules and must ensure the level of safety for road users (drivers, pedestrians).

In areas with high traffic intensity (highways, city roads), lamps with a reflector are used. This helps to “collect” the light flux without scattering it. Thus, by installing the lamp at a high height, a large section of the road is illuminated, and the distance between the supports increases.

For roads with less intensity, lamps with reflective and diffuse lighting are used.

Today, when installing street road lighting, LED lamps are used, because... they have a stable luminous flux, brightness, are durable and energy-intensive.

Road lighting

Pedestrian crossings, sidewalks

Lamps with diffuse lighting are used to illuminate pedestrian crossings, sidewalks, bicycle paths, and playgrounds. This allows light to be scattered over a long distance.

To illuminate a pedestrian crossing, LED spotlights are used with a directed luminous flux across the axis of the roadway, thereby allowing the driver to see the pedestrian at a long distance.

Sidewalk lighting

Pedestrian crossing lighting

Decorative

Decorative lighting does not carry the functions of utilitarian lighting; rather, it is intended to emphasize the features of an architectural structure, landscape design or gardening areas.

To implement it, LED strips, spot “floor” lamps, lanterns on low legs, and in some cases multi-colored lamps are used.

Decorative lighting

Functions of yard lighting

First, let's decide why we need light on the site. There are generally three main functions that different types of yard lighting perform.

1. Security. Most thefts, especially in the private sector, occur under the cover of darkness. Thieves often believe that the darkness will allow them to leave the area undetected, and sometimes this trick works. Proper yard lighting will help thwart the plans of intruders. Lighting devices with a motion sensor are quite capable of preventing more than one theft, since they act as a kind of visual alarm.
2. Convenience. This function is the most logical: some areas are very dark at night, and moving around such an area is problematic. Yard lighting solves this issue and also allows you to move around safely. Usually, to perform this function, they buy the simplest lights and place them on one or both sides of the paths - this arrangement turns out to be quite sufficient.
3. Aesthetic function. Using light, you can give an area a unique look. Typically, lighting fixtures are installed next to ornamental plants, landscape design elements, or simply provide architectural lighting for a private home. If there is a desire to give the design of the site even more originality, use colored lighting rather than ordinary lighting.

The adjacent territory of an apartment building. Standards

Utility workers often treat house maintenance carelessly, and there is no discussion at all about the adjacent areas. Therefore, the maintenance of the local area of ​​an apartment building falls entirely on the shoulders of the residents. And in order to improve the area around the house, you need to know its boundaries.

The size of the adjacent plot is determined by town planning regulations in accordance with Article 43.4 of the Town Planning Code. Each city has its own regulations, but there is a general formula by which the adjacent territory of an apartment building is calculated (it is important to calculate the 2022 standards using this formula, since the legislation on this issue has not changed since 2000).

According to the Regulations on determining the boundaries of land plots in condominiums, it is established exactly how to determine the boundaries of the local area. In this case, the parameters and characteristics of the high-rise building, the boundaries of neighboring houses and the area of ​​the entire microdistrict must be taken into account.

• Snorm – standard area area;
• U – indicator of the share of land per 1 sq.m. housing, which is calculated using a more complex formula and directly depends on the number of storeys of the house and the year of construction;
• Sк – total area of ​​apartments and common property.

The formula for calculating the share indicator can be found in the town planning regulations of your municipality.

What kind of AWOL will it be?

Let's say there is no lighting in the yard of your house. It is always uncomfortable for people to return home in the dark, and it is absolutely impossible to solve the problem of installing lanterns and light bulbs. What to do in this case?

We can offer 2 interesting options:

• removing electrical wires from the apartment of one of the residents of the entrance to the outside and installing a light bulb. Of course, it would be illogical to assign the payment for the electricity that this light bulb will consume to the owner of the apartment. Residents of the entrance will calculate the consumption and cost of energy consumed, and the money will be equally compensated to the owner of the apartment. Such AWOL will only be encouraged;
• unauthorized connection to neighboring electrical networks. In essence, this is a method of stealing electricity, but once the fact is revealed, it will be extremely difficult to find the culprits.

The only possible consequences are:

• confiscation of light bulbs;
• confiscation of wires and poles (if installed).

Who maintains street lighting on poles

Street lighting is also maintained by public utilities. But, payment for it can be made by local authorities (local government). The local administration of a locality is authorized by law to accept applications from citizens for the installation of poles and lanterns for street lighting. Such applications are considered within a procedural time frame of 30 days.

If an application is left unsatisfied, a citizen (or a group of citizens) has every right to file a claim in court. To do this, you must attach all documentation confirming the refusal to fulfill a legal request.

How to install lamps

For clarity, it is recommended to watch a video on installing lamps. At the preparatory stage, you need to prepare a plan and accurately determine the location of each light source. Next, carry out calculations regarding the length of the cables and their fastening in order to block access to moisture and avoid problems with electricity.

• To do this, the wire is either grounded to a depth of not about 80 cm.
• You can also leave the wire in the air, but this is not very advisable from an aesthetic point of view and from a safety point of view.
• Most often, the lights themselves are installed by installing them in concrete.
• Special holes are made into which fittings and bolts are placed, as well as wires laid underground.
• The wire must be inserted into the corrugation. Concrete is poured on top of this. The lights themselves are attached to the concrete using bolts.

All cables have a single source - the shield. There are several toggle switches on the panel, each of which is designed for each lighting area.

To understand the installation of lamps in detail, you should consult specialized literature or contact a professional.