The development of modern science has led to the emergence of countless devices that require electrical voltage. Many of them operate in residential areas and create additional stress on the wiring.
Because of this, a reliable version of the wiring is needed that is generated without errors and offers the correct diagram. It should not allow aluminum and copper wires to come into contact to avoid problems during operation.
To do this, it is necessary to organize the correct installation of electrical wiring in the apartment or in any other residential area. To ensure reliable performance, it is better to turn to specialists, but you can do everything yourself.
Sometimes electricians are not able to do the grounding correctly, and then the owners can receive various electrical shocks while using water or touching metal objects like the kitchen sink.
To avoid this, it is advisable to understand electricity and its correct wiring, since an electric shock can be very unpleasant or even fatal for a person. A short circuit can also lead to a fire, which can occur while you are not at home.
And you need to remember about children, if wires stick out or hang after the work of a bad master, then they can interest the kids and lead to electric shock. Look at photos of electrical wiring installation based on the work of professionals so that you know what it should look like.
If it is too difficult for you to do everything yourself, you will at least be able to navigate how to properly organize the wiring. This will help control the work of the masters and realize that they made a mistake somewhere.
Types of impact
The body can simultaneously undergo the following actions:
Thermal effects, expressed in the formation of burns on certain areas of the skin, an increase in body temperature, an effect on the functioning of the heart, blood vessels and other important organs.
Electrolytic influence is characterized by the breakdown of fluids in the body and changes in the structure of the blood.
With biological damage, the structure of muscle and nervous tissue changes. The heart muscles and lungs are subjected to severe stress, the consequences of which lead to a lack of heartbeat or difficulty breathing.
The mechanical consequences of the impact of an electric discharge are expressed in the separation and detachment of tissues, which are a consequence of the electrodynamic shock.
Let's take a closer look at damage caused by electric current and methods of rescue.
Key points in home network planning
Despite all the precautions, there is one job related to the electrical installation process that can and should be done by apartment residents. This means drawing up a plan for laying a new network and determining the location of electrical points.
Only the owners of the apartment can draw up such a diagram and indicate on it the following points:
- Places where sockets and switches will be most conveniently located.
- The most suitable heights from the floor to the location of electrical points.
- The number of ceiling and wall lamps and areas for their fastening.
- Type of wiring (open or hidden) and so on.
It is important to approach this task very responsibly. Make diagrams separately for each room. Pay special attention to rooms with high humidity (bathroom, kitchen). You can take a photo of the wiring in an apartment found on the Internet as a sample, if the size and layout plans match.
Those who know how to work in special computer programs such as CAD can make clearer diagrams using the designations included in the program for various parts and elements directly related to electrical engineering. Their designations completely coincide with those officially approved. Such diagrams will be more understandable for professional electricians.
Types of damage
Injuries resulting from the action of electric current on a person are divided into two categories:
- local type;
- general type.
The list of first injuries includes electric shock to bones, ligaments and various parts of the skin.
Techniques for conducting and hiding wiring in an apartment
The two most well-known methods of wiring in an apartment: hidden and open. The first, as stated above, involves grooved walls and ceilings.
At the same time, at the time of laying the wires in the grooves, for protection and to ensure the convenience of further work, the wiring is pulled through the corrugation. Having secured it in the recess along the entire line of the excavation, plastering work is carried out. Align the places where the corrugation is laid and then carry out the usual finishing work (putty and painting or wallpapering).
Unlike the hidden type, the open type is based on the visible distribution of wiring throughout the apartment. This method of arranging wires along surfaces can be used in the event that a certain old section of wiring is blocked or if it is necessary to carry out a specifically open form of electrical wiring.
Here, instead of corrugation, plastic electrical boxes (cable channels) of various sections are used, which are mounted on the surface of the walls vertically or horizontally. The wiring is located inside the cable.
Metallization of the skin
Manifests itself under the influence of electric arc discharges. Particles of molten metal tend to penetrate under the upper skin of a person.
This exposure is not fatal, but may cause discomfort. It is much more dangerous than metal particles getting into the eyes, since subsequent treatment does not guarantee a positive result.
Examination
Be sure to check the wiring, check it at every stage, you need to do this constantly to be sure that all connections are made flawlessly. This is guaranteed control that your scheme was thought out correctly, and you won’t have to redo anything after the work is completed.
After the wiring is finally installed, checking it can be very difficult. The test is carried out with a simple tester.
Mechanical damage to body parts
An electrical discharge running through a healthy body affects the uniform contraction of muscle tissue. This leads to mechanical injuries. This includes local skin tears, dislocations and fractures. Moreover, a fracture as a result of a fall and as a result of an electric shock are two different things.
The result of mechanical damage after exposure to electric current is complex long-term treatment with the help of highly qualified doctors.
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Be careful, children!
The main attention of young parents when solving the problem of replacing old wiring with new ones is focused on the safety of children. It is important for them that sometimes overly curious kids cannot accidentally harm themselves by becoming interested in electrical items.
In such cases, closed sockets with special interlocks are purchased if they are installed in places accessible to children.
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Wires are hidden in walls or in electrical boxes (if the wiring is open). The best option in modern living conditions is remote control of electricity using a remote control.
General electrical injuries
They are divided into electric shock and electric shock.
Electric shock is an effect on organic tissue through an electric current, resulting in a sharp muscle contraction. A person who has received an electric shock appears distracted at first and has memory problems.
Even if the victim is not diagnosed with serious consequences after the blow, the person’s immunity ultimately suffers. In the future, heart complications and neurological diseases may appear.
Electric shock has the following categories:
- first - muscle cramps occur, while the person is conscious without any deviations;
- second - along with uneven changes in muscles, a person loses consciousness, while the work of the heart and respiratory system is stable;
- third - with loss of consciousness, a slowdown in heart rate and breathing occurs;
- the fourth is the most severe, in which no signs of life are observed, breathing and pulse stop, and death occurs.
Electric shock refers to the severe consequences of exposure to electric current. First, a person experiences a period of excitement, during which the person does not feel pain, but only feels an increase in blood pressure. After some time, the pressure drops, the heartbeat increases, and the victim goes into a depressive state. This period can last from a quarter of an hour to a day.
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Recovery is facilitated only by timely and professional treatment. If you do not provide first aid in case of electric shock, the consequences will be much worse.
The main risks if you want to carry out electrical work
There is an expression “to rent out an apartment turnkey”. The main essence of this concept is based on the complete implementation of all work, including electrical work, which is represented by typical wiring diagrams in an apartment.
And, since with such a standard implementation of the general range of finishing and installation processes, everything is carried out according to a single approved project, it is quite natural that upon moving in, residents have to make many changes to the layout, as well as to the order of placement of electrical points.
Some people are not satisfied with the quality of work, others want to change the template order and install everything in a new way, according to their own needs. This, in turn, requires additional expenses and considerable ones. But the apartment itself has already cost a huge amount and few people will like the extra expenses.
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Help with electric shocks
Only timely and correct decisions can save a person’s life. First aid should be provided with complete isolation of the current source. It may be located at a significant distance from the scene of the incident.
In this case, you need to quickly get out of the electric discharge with the victim, using materials that are dielectrics. For example, wooden flooring or rubber products are good protection against damage.
Then immediately call doctors and begin providing first aid by performing a heart massage. After this, wait for medical workers, monitoring the condition of the victim. Remember that a person’s life may depend on your prompt and correct actions.
Jokes about electricians with girls
Undoubtedly, it is very difficult to find female electrical specialists. Because this profession is considered a priori masculine. Therefore, funny photos with female electricians are an exotic rarity.
Funny girl electrician:
Unexpected solutions to situations and strange schemes, the authors of which are employees, will amuse even a non-specialist. Undoubtedly, it will cause a fit of laughter among a professional.
Often, jokes about electricians in pictures are born from situations where craftsmen are put in a hopeless situation.
Many wires, tangled and inspiring superstitious fear in mere mortals, can plunge those who lack a sense of humor into despondency. At the same time, perfectly smooth wiring will please any perfectionist. Perhaps even without permission to work with electricity.
Wire selection
Depending on the material used to manufacture the current-carrying cores, wires are divided into 2 types:
- Copper;
- Aluminum.
Nowadays, copper wiring is used almost everywhere. Copper heats up less and withstands a higher load compared to aluminum with the same cross-section of conductors.
The number of cores and cross-section should be determined based on the type of electrical network (two-phase 220 V or three-phase 380 V) and the load. According to these parameters, copper cables for a 220 V household network can be divided into several main types:
- VVG 3x2.5. Three-core with a cross section of 2.5 mm2. Maximum load – 6.2 kW. For installation of sockets for household appliances.
- VVG 3x1.5. Three-core with a cross section of 1.5 mm2. Maximum power – 4.6 kW. Typically used to connect lighting fixtures.
- VVG 3x6. Three-core with a cross-section of 6 mm2. Withstands loads up to 10.8 kW. For connecting high-power appliances (ovens, hobs, etc.).
To connect to a three-phase network, 5-core wires are used. Similar to the 220 V network, the larger the wire cross-section, the higher the maximum permissible load.
