How to choose a good electromagnetic gate lock

The usual latches and bolts on fence gates are becoming a thing of the past. After all, every owner wants to reliably protect his yard from uninvited guests.

A modern version of a closing device is an electromagnetic lock. They install it quickly, and in addition to it, they install a video intercom so that, while in the room, you can see who is behind the gate.

Operating principle

The mechanism consists of a core and winding, which are placed in a special housing.

The core is a set of magnetized steel plates. Shape: W-shaped. To reduce residual stress, the surface is coated with paint. A winding is a coil on which copper wire is wound. On top is a protective insulating coating. Case material – mainly aluminum, steel.

The lock works through the interaction of electricity and a magnet. Voltage is applied to the winding, due to which the magnetic elements are activated.

For example, to tightly close a door weighing up to 150 kg, a power of 5 W is enough.

At the moment of connecting or disconnecting the electromagnetic lock, a magnetized circuit is formed, which is affected by alternating current.

An important element of the mechanism is the capacitor. With its help, charging is carried out through the winding. The polarity of the magnet changes. The residual current is remagnetized. If the condenser breaks down, the door cannot be opened. You will need to replace the non-working element and connect a new one in parallel to the terminals.

The lock can be opened with a magnetic key or card. If there are interruptions in the light on the site, then for reliability it is worth additionally installing a mechanical lock.

Electromagnetic locking

Locks equipped with an electromagnetic locking function are designed to prevent emergency situations that occur as a result of incorrect actions of personnel and ensure the safe operation of high-voltage circuits. Errors by workers can lead to both equipment failure and dangerous consequences for the employees themselves. Locks are installed on grounding devices, disconnectors and other elements of equipment.

At the moment of switching on and off the operating currents, as well as during the switching on of the grounding in the energized section of the busbar, an open arc occurs between the contacts. To protect equipment and workers, it is important to interlock disconnectors with switches, and grounding blades with disconnectors.

Specifications

Electromagnetic locks have two main performance indicators that you need to pay attention to before purchasing:

1. Holding force (pull load). Measured in kilograms. Depending on the model, it ranges from 50 to 100 kg. For a gate, the minimum value is 250 kg. If the blade is made of forging or heavy metal, the requirements increase to 1000 kg.
2. Residual magnetization. The indicator should not be more than 1.5–2 kg. If the value exceeds the norm, then problems arise with opening the door and they malfunction.

Technical specifications are included in the product instructions.

Residual magnetization

The phenomenon of residual magnetization manifests itself in the fact that after the lock is turned off, residual magnetic induction remains in its magnetic circuit. As a result, the holding force does not disappear completely (for locks from different manufacturers it ranges from 3-4 to 10-15 kg). To reduce residual magnetization to a minimum, it is necessary to create an alternating damped current in the lock winding. For this purpose, a non-polar chain of capacitors is built into the OLEVS magnetic lock, which, together with the winding of the magnetic lock, forms an oscillatory circuit, and when the power circuit is opened, damped oscillations occur in the circuit.

What is included

In addition to the lock, the kit includes parts that ensure trouble-free operation at home and outdoors. Among them:

1. Controller. The mechanism that controls the lock. With its help, the main elements of the device are connected.
2. Data reader. It is a panel through which opening is carried out. The action is performed with an electronic key, card or by entering a secret code. It all depends on the model.
3. Lock. It goes on sale with wires and a counter plate for connecting to a voltage source.
4. Exit buttons. Installation is carried out from inside the yard so that residents can leave the site without using keys.
5. A set of keys. Standard quantity - 6 pieces. One of which is universal and comes already programmed. With its help others recode.
6. Electric wires. Used when assembling and connecting the circuit.
7. Power unit. Connects to a voltage of 220 V. Ensures the operation of the device.

In case of a power failure, it is recommended to install an additional power supply powered by a rechargeable battery or batteries.

Standard equipment and additional equipment

The design of a magnetic lock depends on the initial configuration, that is, basic elements and additional devices that can be connected to the mechanism for convenience.

Lock kit upon purchase

The basic set of locking mechanisms for interior doors, entrance doors and gates consists of:

• a powerful magnet operating under the influence of electricity;
• a reciprocal metal strip attracted to the magnetic plane;
• an electrical cable connecting the magnet to the power source;
• fastening connections;
• instructions describing how to install magnetic locks of this type.

A set of elements included in the basic lock package

The magnetic lock can be controlled in two ways:

1. a push-button mechanism that closes the electrical circuit when closing and interrupts the power supply when opening;
2. an electronic mechanism consisting of two sensors:
   Hall sensor, which constantly monitors the voltage supplied to the lock;
3. magnetic contact, giving a signal when the device is operating.

It is impossible to determine by the appearance of the lock exactly how it opens. The Hall sensor is built into the main part of the lock. However, an additional magnetic contact sensor is included with the electronically controlled device.

All sensors, opening buttons and electronic keys are included in the standard equipment.

Additional devices for magnetic lock

Installation of a magnetic lock is possible with additional devices that facilitate its operation and control, these include:

an uninterruptible power supply unit that ensures the operation of the locking mechanism during periods of absence of constant voltage. A battery is built inside the unit, which begins to operate when there is a failure in the central power grid. You can charge the batteries using the mains adapter that is included with the unit;

Equipment that allows the lock to operate in the absence of electricity

controller – a device that is necessary to connect additional equipment. If a control unit is supplied with the lock, then the controller is built into this device. Otherwise, it will need to be purchased additionally;

Equipment designed to connect all parts of the lock

a closer designed for smooth closing of a magnetic lock. If the main locking mechanism is equipped with a closer, then this element will extend the life of the device, since strong shocks that can damage the magnet will be eliminated;

A device that extends the life of a magnetic lock

intercom. This device is mainly installed on the door to the entrance or on the gate leading to the territory of a suburban area. Using an intercom, you can see or hear a person who wants to enter a closed area and open the lock without leaving the apartment or house, respectively.

Devices included in the intercom with video communication function

The complete set of equipment included in the magnetic lock is determined independently by the user.

Connection accessories

To increase the comfort of use, the following is mounted to the electromagnetic lock:

• door closer;

• intercom or video intercom;
• code input panel;
• call button.

The closer extends the service life of the gate, since with its presence the door closes smoothly. Parts do not wear out quickly.

In the private sector, it is recommended to install an intercom. It is sold separately and combined into one circuit with an EMZ.

The monitor is mounted inside the house, the call panel is mounted from the street.

Difference between electromechanical and electromagnetic lock

The electromechanical one keeps the gate closed due to the locking element - the bolt. Electricity consumption is minimal. Equipped with remote control. The operation is regulated by a special remote control.

A significant advantage is that it continues to work without power, opening with a standard key. The disadvantage is the high price.

With an electromagnetic lock, the door remains closed thanks to the electromagnetic field of the coil, which is attracted by a metal anchor attached to the door. By purchasing a magnetic lock for the gate, the owner will save money and handle the installation himself.

At the same time, it consumes many times more electricity. When the light is turned off, the device stops working. To increase security, you will need to purchase a rechargeable power supply or an additional mechanical lock.

Coating of work surfaces

Since the working elements of the lock (core and anchor plate) are made of low-alloy steel, they are susceptible to corrosion. To protect against corrosion (rust), a protective coating is applied to the working surfaces. Usually varnishing, galvanizing or nickel plating is used.

OLEVS electromagnetic locks use a zinc coating to protect against corrosion.

If, as a result of long-term use, the lock has lost its protective coating, and corrosion of the working surfaces of the core and armature has begun (rust has appeared), this will not affect the operation of the lock - the holding force will not change. And to restore the appearance, you can remove the rust with fine sandpaper and then cover the working surfaces with a thin layer of varnish.

Advantages and disadvantages of the mechanism

In favor of an electromagnetic lock they say:

1. Simple and quick installation procedure. You can install it yourself, without involving specialists.
2. Possibility of hidden installation. The mechanism is hidden in the gate frame and pillars. Upon entering it is not noticeable.
3. Reliable sash retention. To open such a lock without a key, you will need to apply a force of at least 200 kg, or even more.
4. Quick opening with a magnetic key fob, card or remote control.
5. Neat, aesthetic appearance.

6. Quiet operation.
7. It is combined with an intercom, so it is convenient to control the mechanism from the room.

It also has a minus - complete dependence on electricity. When the lights are turned off, the gate becomes unlocked.

As a solution to this problem, the owners install uninterruptible power supplies - batteries that ensure the lock operates in the absence of light. A cheaper alternative is to install an additional mechanical lock.

Electromagnetic locking mechanism as part of access control system

The lock can be operated by a key or under the control of an ACS controller (ACS is an access control and management system). The system supplies direct current to the electromagnet winding or turns it off, controlling the functioning of the locking mechanism. If the lock design includes a reed switch, then the controller can also monitor whether the door is closed or open. Using the ACS, you can set the response time of the mechanism. However, all these features are not available if there is no electricity. In such a situation, the door will simply open. Therefore, doors that are locked with locks controlled by ACS are equipped with an additional power source or a mechanical lock.

Kinds

These locks are classified according to several parameters.

According to the locking principle

There are two types:

1. Sliding. The action of the mechanism is based on the shift of the anchor. Most models are mortise. When installing, it is important to follow the step-by-step instructions.

2. Retaining. The anchor acts on separation. Overhead and mortise models are available; mortise ones have a low adhesive force.

Overhead retaining locks are installed much more often.

By type of control

Available:

1. With reed switch elements. No voltage is needed to control operation. Due to the action of the magnet, contact occurs and the required voltage level is maintained.
2. With Hall sensors. They are a microcircuit. Additional power is required for operation.

The latter type provides increased security due to sensitive sensors.

By mounting method

There are:

1. Mortise. It is completely built into the wicket leaf.

2. Semi-mortise. It is mounted inside the door, but some of the elements are visible from the outside.
3. Invoices. It is fixed on top of the sash on metal corners.

How to choose a lock

Before purchasing, it is important to pay attention to the following points:

1. Pull-off (holding) strength. Should be in the range of 150‒200 kg. Indicated on locks after the index “ML”.
2. Structural strength. Products with a cast anti-corrosion body are more reliable. There are no seams or joints on the surface.
3. Resistant to moisture and temperature changes. The lock will be used outdoors, so the operating temperature range should be from -30 to +50 degrees. The mechanism is protected from moisture.
4. High degree of anti-corrosion coating. The better the product is processed, the longer it will last and the less it will wear out.
5. Complete insulation of electrical wires and other parts. Otherwise, there is a risk of electric shock when opening.
6. Possibility of modification. The model must be compatible with video surveillance systems, intercom, and remote control.

7. The protective coating is selected based on the frequency of use and weather conditions. For intensive use in harsh winter conditions, it is better not to save money and buy one coated with a metal film. With moderate use, an inexpensive varnish or silicone coating is sufficient.

Regardless of the model, gate locks should be equipped with anti-vandal protection on a magnet so that strangers cannot damage the mechanism.

Repair

Like all devices, magnetic devices fail. Passive locks have a long service life. They have a minimum number of mechanical parts. When a malfunction occurs, they are disassembled. It is enough to carry out preventive maintenance for the mechanism to work.

A magnetic lock on a door, especially if it is the entrance to a building or an enterprise, often opens. This leads to blockage or failure. The most common fault is electrical wiring failure, mechanical or electrical damage.

Often the bypass diode or capacitor fails. If they fail, there is a problem with unlocking the door, and there is also a possibility of failure of the control unit. Burnt parts are not repaired - they are replaced.

Popular models

We recommend that you familiarize yourself with the following locks, which, according to buyers, meet the stated requirements.

ML400

Suitable for installation on entrance doors and gates with a leaf thickness of 30–50 mm. The fastening is done from the yard, the sash opens to the street. Reliability of installation is ensured by the closer. The mechanism opens when the current is removed. Operating voltage 9–12 V. Power consumption ‒ 7.2 W. Holding force - 400 kg.

AL‒400S

The sliding model is attached inside the sash. Equipped with Hall sensors and Reed switch elements. Holding force - 400 kg. Operating voltage: 12 or 24 V. Current: 0.9 A.

AL-400S is subject to modification for remote control and output of information to the security console.

YLI YM‒60

Inexpensive padlock. Has a small holding force of 60 kg. Suitable for gates made of light material (wood, corrugated board). Material – anodized aluminum. Operating voltage - 12 V. The response panel is made of zinc. Not very reliable.

Arny Mag 180

A typical electromagnetic device, compact, reliable.

Holding force - 180 kg. Voltage - 12 V. Current consumption - 300 mA.

Visit ML300 (M)‒40

The model is perfect for connecting to an intercom, video intercom, or remote control system.

It is completed with a housing with an electromagnet and a metal magnetic plate. The mechanism opens when tension is removed from the lock. Operating voltage - 9-15 V. Power - up to 7.2 W.

Locking mechanism

It is necessary to pay attention to the design of different types of locking mechanisms. The principle of operation of a simple magnetic shutter is clear: it constantly attracts the leaf to the door frame, and they are separated by directly applying physical force

It is enough to pull the door along the axis of rotation for it to open.

There is another option for a passive device - a synthesis of mechanical and magnetic locking structures. Here the magnetic core fits into a groove inside the door like regular bolts. In this way, the door is held in place by magnetic forces and physical resistance. A shutter of this type is usually installed on the front door as an auxiliary one.

Electromagnetic locks on entrance doors operate in a more complex manner. They are constantly exposed to current from the electrical network, due to which the door leaf is held in the closed position. In order to open it, you will need to disconnect the electromagnet from the network and remove the attraction. Most often, special keys are used: magnetized plastic cards with reading devices, special terminals with a code, keys that disconnect the circuit.

In addition to the entrance to the house, such a lock is popular in enterprises: warehouses, industrial premises, offices.

Lock kit upon purchase

The method of operation and the strength of the lock are affected by the equipment, which you need to pay attention to when purchasing. In addition to the basic elements, the kit may include additional devices that provide increased door holding force and perform special functions

List of elements included in the standard set of magnetic locks intended for entrance doors or gates:

• electromagnet with a power of 100 kg with the ability to connect to an electrical circuit;
• a metal plate that is attracted by a magnet;
• cables and connections for the network;
• device mounting kit;
• detailed instructions for installing the mechanism.

Electromagnetic locks are sold starting with a holding force of 100 kg. Usually the step is 50-100 kilograms and reaches 1 ton. This variety allows you to choose exactly the locking mechanism that will fully meet your specific request. The most popular are locks weighing 200-300 kilograms. It is difficult even for several men to apply such force to the door handle at the same time.

The access lock is controlled through a special locking keypad or an electronic device with a magnetic reader for key cards. The latter consists of two elements: a sensor that monitors the constant voltage in the electromagnet and a magnetic reader for a plastic card.

Additional devices

The set may include additional items. If they are not available, you will have to purchase specific devices yourself. List of additional equipment:

• UPS, or uninterruptible power supply. The device is needed for stable operation of the lock during a power outage. A special battery is built inside, which begins to supply current to the electromagnet when there is no voltage in the external network. Usually the kit includes a charger that can be permanently connected to the nearest outlet;
• controller. Universal equipment for forming additional systems in the lock. If a person plans to install a recognition system via a pin pad, magnetic card, or other closing method, he will need a controller. Unfortunately, it is not found in all standard trim levels;
• closer First of all, the door closer is designed for convenience and extending the service life of the entrance lock. It is installed where a lot of human traffic passes through the door: in offices, in production. The mechanism ensures smooth closing of the door, so that the lock does not loosen or become unusable;
• intercom. Common additional equipment. Serves as a recognition system to ensure the security of an industrial facility, organization or residential building. Can be equipped with a camera or a regular microphone for auxiliary verification. Intercom is popular in public places, in the entrances of apartment buildings, and among owners of private cottages.

DIY magnetic lock installation

You can do all the work yourself if you follow simple recommendations.

Installation on swing gates

It is enough to buy a lock with a holding force of 280 kg.

You need to take a device for external use, but if this is not possible, then an electromagnetic mechanism for internal use is also suitable, provided that the surface is treated with silicone (to block the access of moisture inside the product).

A power supply is mounted on the gate. The lock is connected through a closed 12 V relay. As soon as the relay is activated, the lock begins to work.

The lock is fixed to one leaf, the response panel to the other. Fastening is done with bolts. Control is available remotely.

This lock can be installed on swing and sliding gates.

To the gate

Installation sequence:

1. Drill holes for self-tapping screws in the metal frame of the gate. The diameter is made 1-2 mm smaller than the self-tapping screw.
2. The lock body is attached to the frame, and the response panel is attached to the sash.

3. Wires from the reading panel run along the edge of the gate. The knot is fixed on the sash and hidden in the cavity of the fence.
4. A controller is installed on the street side of the door. The mechanism recognizes cards and magnetic keys. It is possible to install a code controller, but this device is not particularly reliable.
5. From the yard, an exit button is attached to the gate. With its help, you can leave the estate without a key. The button is positioned so that it cannot be reached from the street.
6. To connect the lock to power, use a two-core cable with a cross-section of 1.5 squares.
7. The wiring is carefully insulated and hidden in plastic trays so that the cable does not get wet.

After this they try to close and open the doors.

Electrical circuit switching

The device is powered by 12 V DC.

To connect to the network, you need to take a two-core cable type VVG 2*15 or VVG NG 2*15 mm.

When laying the wire from the outside of the fence or gate frame, we hide it in a corrugated hose, and then in a plastic channel. It is even better when it is possible to hide the cable in the cavity of the fence.

We connect all the wires in accordance with the diagram that comes with the assembly instructions. If there is none, then you will find it on the Internet by entering the lock model into a search engine.

The product supplied with the controller, although more expensive, is much more practical, since the mechanism is fully compatible with the computer.

The controller is responsible for the following functions:

1. Transmitting a signal to open.
2. Power supply for closing.
3. Key coding.

When the test connection is completed, the keys are programmed:

1. The universal key from the kit is brought to the controller.
2. Recording mode is activated.
3. The remaining keys are programmed one by one.
4. Upon completion, the controller returns to normal operation.

If necessary, the key database is downloaded and downloaded from the PC.

Features of service and product care

It boils down to the following tips:

1. Follow safety precautions carefully. It is important not to mix up the input and output terminals. Do not leave parts of the lock exposed, otherwise there is an increased risk of a short circuit.
2. Monitor the condition and wear of the plates. Tight adhesion to the electromagnet depends on this. When moisture gets in, the surface begins to oxidize and the adhesion force decreases.
3. Use self-tapping screws carefully when installing so as not to damage the elements. Fasten the plate securely.

The lock does not need lubrication. It is important to follow the installation and operating instructions.

A fence gate lock powered by an electromagnet is an excellent option for an affordable closing device in the presence of constant voltage.

Recommendations from professionals

The tips below will help keep the lock in working condition longer and extend its service life:

• When installing the lock, it is better to immediately place the controller in a bag, which will protect it from moisture and prevent short circuits.
• It is important to monitor the condition of the metal plate. If it is damaged or corroded, it may adversely affect the adhesion to the magnet.
• It is necessary to regularly check the condition of the mechanism fastenings. Under the influence of static load, fasteners can become loose. If you miss the moment, the plate may fall off.
• The master key included in the kit must be kept in a safe place so that it does not get lost. But if this happens, then there is a spare option in the box that will allow you to perform encoding without a key.