Homemade toys - do-it-yourself electric motor

Linear drive consisting of a disk drive and a gear motor

The drive is made of a 4 mm brass tube and an N20 gear motor. To work, you need an old technology - a disk drive.

Step-by-step master class:

• At the first stage, you need to remove the stepper motor with a worm-type mechanical transmission from the disk drive. Next, take out the worm and cut the tube approximately along its length so that there is a small margin.

• A hole with a diameter of 0.6 mm is made at one end on the side and a brass tube is pressed onto the gearbox shaft.

• You need to insert a pin into the hole made so that it fits into the groove of the worm. Afterwards, the joint should be fixed with a soldering iron, cut with wire cutters, and sanded until the surface becomes smooth.

As a result, we can get the following excavator:

Watch the video:

First, let's remember what an electric motor is.

An electric motor is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy and vice versa based on electromagnetic induction.

Simply put: you spin the rotor (armature) - you get electricity, you supply electricity - the rotor (armature) spins.

It consists of a stationary part - a starter and a movable part and, as previously said, a rotor (it is called an armature in DC electric motors, which we will assemble today, so henceforth the rotor will be called an armature).

But by experimenting - adding several coils, trying different connections for them, installing permanent magnets and increasing the size of the electric motor itself - you can get a motor capable of producing a sufficient amount of energy for household work.

Attention! This engine is assembled for training purposes; there is no particular benefit from it due to its design.

Now let's start assembling.

Wireless microphone

To make a microphone at home, you need the following parts:

• microphone head;
• battery (12 V);
• capacitor (1 µF);
• resistor (47 kOhm and 100 Ohm).
• enameled wire (0.5 mm);
• quartz self-oscillator (10 MHz).

For the work of the master, electronic circuits are used.

Resistor R2 is intended to power the head, and R1 is intended for the microcircuit. An antenna consisting of thirty turns is connected to the input of pin 3. Then assembly can begin. This scheme provides for hanging installation.

Execution order:

• The 100 Ohm resistor must be soldered to pin 4 on the chip. Next, you should insulate the contact with a cambric and solder a 47 kOhm resistor.

• The next step is to solder the capacitor while maintaining polarity. After this, you can solder the microphone to the capacitor and resistor and make a common contact using jumpers.

• Next, the battery is soldered through the connector (it will be used as a switch).

• When the circuit is ready, you can start making the antenna: the wire is wound around a drill (it will be used as a frame) and the antenna is soldered according to the circuit.

• The connector is closed with a jumper (this turns on the microphone).

Homemade radio electronics must be tuned to the short radio wave range (10 MHz).

Watch the video:

Home Electronics

This section could also be called automation in everyday life , electronic devices for the home , etc. Here you will find electronic circuits for home and everyday life: doorbells , timers , electronic thermometers , temperature stabilizers , intercoms , acoustic switches , meter stop circuits , etc. We also invite everyone to the automation forum, where competent specialists will try to answer your questions and forum participants.

Lighting devices and lighting:

• Wi-Fi lighting controller
• Homemade LED lamp based on IR sensor HC-SR501
• Voice control of X10 lighting. Part 1
• Voice control of X10 lighting. Part 2
• Voice control of X10 lighting. Part 3
• Voice control of X10 lighting. Part 4
• Voice control of X10 lighting. Part 5
• Voice notification for home. Alarm clock in the ROS system
• Touch switch "RGB-LIGHT SLAYDER"
• Touch control dimmer with remote control
• Touch switch on AT90S2313
• Bistable touch switch
• Dual-program touch switch with auto-off
• Touch switch with output selector
• Dimmable LED light
• Touch-sensitive brightness controls with phase-pulse and PWM control
• Touch backlight switch
• Lamp brightness control
• Brightness control in a floor lamp
• Night light brightness control
• Simple 12V dimmer on 555 timer
• Two-channel LED dimmer on MK
• Current controlled LED dimmer
• Dimmer with touch control
• Two-channel lighting switch with remote control
• IR switch with remote control
• Chandelier with remote control
• Digital automatic control of chandelier brightness from any remote control
• Automatic load switching on when lighting is available
• Automatic light switch with night light function and smooth lighting control
• Automatic light switch with timer
• Homemade LED flashlight on PIC10F322 with micro USB charging
• Homemade flashlight with USB charging
• Pocket flashlight for 14500
• Second life of a flashlight
• The second life of a flashlight. Option 2
• The second life of a flashlight. Option 3
• The second life of a flashlight. Option 4
• The second life of a flashlight. Option 5
• The second life of a flashlight. Option 6
• The second life of a flashlight. Option 7
• The second life of a flashlight. Option 8
• Second life of an old flashlight
• Upgrading a powerful flashlight to a 5 Watt LED
• DIY flashlight with Li-Ion battery
• Super bright LED in flashlight
• Country lantern
• LED flashlight on MK
• A simple LED flashlight made from affordable components
• Flashlight with wireless charger
• Compact flashlight based on the CX2601 driver
• Flashlight with induction charging
• LED flashlight from... calculator
• Piezo flashlight
• Modernization of Chinese hand lantern
• Flashlight Upgrade
• Upgrading the flashlight
• Simple PWM controller for LED flashlight
• Light for switch
• Presence timer on PIC16F628A
• Automatic lighting on PIC
• The only thing better than a thyristor is a relay
• Automatic staircase lighting
• Automatic staircase lighting with acoustic sensor and timer function
• Automatic daylight
• Automatically turn on the LED in the dark
• Automatic lighting switch based on PIR
• Automatic lighting switch
• Automatic Light Switch
• Automatic switching on the whistle load on the PIC
• Acoustic automatic lighting control by two clapping hands
• Acoustic machine for staircase lighting using a triac
• Upgraded acoustic staircase lighting machine based on a triac
• Acoustic LED Drivers
• Drivers for controlling LEDs with microphone and low voltage power supply
• Controlling a chandelier with four lamps
• Lighting control device 4-channel on PIC12F629
• Digital selector on TINY13 or modernization of a chandelier
• Hallway lighting control
• Uninterrupted lighting in the garage
• Tent lamp with night light
• Energy saving lamp with IR motion sensor
• Miniature surge protector night light
• Night light “Three colors”
• Night light
• Night light with touch switch
• Simple DIY LED lamp
• DIY night lamp
• Lamp based on powerful LED
• DIY LED lighting
• A simple 6 W LED lamp on the WS3441AS8P chip
• DIY LED lamp - 10W
• Lamp made from a burnt fluorescent lamp
• LDS 12V
• Electronic ballast for gas-discharge lamps DRL, DNAT
• Electronic ballast for energy saving lamps from DELUX
• Starting a fluorescent lamp without a starter
• Chokeless power supply for fluorescent lamps
• Throttleless inclusion of LDS
• Control circuit for a fluorescent lamp with a power of up to 26 Watts
• Starterless circuit for switching on fluorescent lamps
• Power supply circuit for fluorescent lamps
• Power supply circuit for low-voltage fluorescent lamps
• Power supply circuit for high-voltage fluorescent lamps from a battery
• Connecting a powerful UV lamp
• Power supply for LDS
• Highly efficient narrow LED lamp in glass housing
• Simple and effective narrow beam LED lamp
• Smart incandescent lamp protection device when turned on
• Incandescent lamp protection device on AVR
• Soft start of incandescent lamps
• Digital automatic soft switch for incandescent lamp
• Incandescent lamp lasts longer
• Extending the life of incandescent lamps
• Smooth ignition of lighting
• Semi-automatic for “eternal” lamp

Temperature meters, climate control equipment:

• Room climate monitor
• GSM/GPRS autonomous weather station
• Weather station, clock, alarm clock, calendar, timer and night light
• Simple home weather station
• Weather station on Pixace controller
• Kitchen hood control unit on a microcontroller
• Bathroom hood control unit on microcontroller v.4
• Steam generator Box mod
• Voltmeter, thermometer with parameters output via RS232
• Electronic thermometer for moonshine still
• Electric thermometer
• Fast Temperature Meter
• Household digital thermometer
• Electronic thermometer on DS18B20
• Electronic thermometer for LM35 and LM3914
• The simplest temperature sensor on LM35
• Thermometer on PIC16F628A and FYD5622FS-11
• Two thermometers on PIC16F628A and DS18B20
• Simple temperature meter with LCD display on MK
• PC thermometer on DS1621 without MK

Indicators and detectors:

• Media level switch (capacitive relay)
• Light and sound signaling device for mains voltage failures
• Coolant flow indicator
• Water level indicator
• Liquid level/position meter in container
• Automatic level regulator for fecal waste on one electrode
• Level sensor "KIPARIS-PG"
• Level sensor KIPARIS-PG for 4 settings
• Capacitive level sensor for grain and liquids
• Logic digital depth gauge
• Water leakage protection system based on NodeMCU
• Flood detector on PIC microcontroller
• Water detector
• Leak detection sensor on ATtiny13
• Humidity buzzer
• Humidity indicator
• Air or soil humidity sensor
• Dry soil detector
• Infrared Radiation Detector
• Light detector
• Smoke detector
• Fire smoke detector
• Simple smoke detector
• Gas detector on GH-312 sensor
• Electronic gas sensor
• Overheat sensor
• Simple temperature indicator
• Phototransistor smoke indicator
• Electromagnetic field detector
• Locator
• Device for searching underground electrical networks
• Hidden wiring detector
• Simple hidden wiring finder
• Hidden Wiring Finder
• Indicator of hidden wiring on microcircuits
• Universal indicator device
• Electromagnetic induction detector
• We construct a valcoder
• Light and sound radio detector "Capucin"

Timers and relays:

• Kitchen timer
• Kitchen 4 timer
• Kitchen timer on ATMega8
• Programmable digital commutation timer
• Interval timer on PIC16F684
• Photo timer on PIC16F628A
• Timer on PIC for controlling electrical appliances with reverse timer function
• Two modifications of a timer with an encoder
• Five-stage timer on PIC12F629
• Hardware modification of the timer on the PIC16F84A microcontroller
• Timer for resetting or turning on the device
• Digital timer on logic chips with encoder
• Simple self-powered timers with auto shut-off
• Tea timer
• Timer with 24 hour cycle
• Two-channel cyclic programmable time relay
• Time relay
• Digital timer for lighting
• Simple loop timer
• Weekly timer, two-channel time relay
• The light turns off automatically
• Voice command control based on the FZ0475 voice recognition module
• Sound relay
• Acoustic relay
• Acoustic relay-2
• Acoustic relay on a field-effect transistor
• Acoustic switch
• Simple acoustic switch
• Sound switch
• Light relays
• Light relay
• Non-contact capacitive switch based on logic elements
• Capacitive proximity sensor
• Touch relay
• DIY intervalometer
• IR remote control for Nikon DSLR camera on MSP430
• Remote control for Canon DSLR
• Photo relay with timer on logic
• Transistor photo relay
• Photo relay with a non-standard algorithm
• Upgraded photo relay with a non-standard algorithm
• DIY photo relay for LED kitchen lighting
• Photo relay
• Powerful photo relay for a cottage
• Photo relay circuit FR-602
• Relay thermal protection
• Thermo relay
• Simple and reliable thermostat
• Maintaining temperature in the basement (thermal relay)
• Automation for toaster
• Automatic shutdown of 220 AC load on 555 timer
• Turning the acoustics on and off synchronously with the computer
• Smooth start of power amplifier
• Device for automatically disconnecting audio equipment from the network
• Automatic disconnection of the amplifier from the network
• Automatic amplifier shutdown

Thermostabilizers and thermostats:

• Wi-Fi cellar control
• Thermostat for gas boiler with weather control
• Room thermostat for gas boiler with color LCD display
• Universal thermometer-thermostat (wood boiler controller)
• Simple push-button dimmer on STM32
• Electronics for muffle furnace
• Thermostat -9.9 +99.9
• Digital thermostat
• Digital thermostat 7 kW
• Two-channel thermometer-thermostat
• Electronic thermostat based on MK
• Peltier element thermostat
• Electronic relay for kettle
• Temperature PWM control of 4-wire fan
• Simple thermal stabilizer option 2
• Homemade yogurt maker
• Thermal stabilizer for temperatures 150…1000 °C
• Continuous heating thermostat
• Simple thermal stabilizer
• Simple thermostat for heated floors
• Simple temperature controller
• Simple thermostats
• Simple water temperature controller
• Three-position temperature controller
• Proportional thermostabilizer for incubator
• Coolant temperature maintenance technology

Calls and audio simulators:

• Doorbell MP3
• Door bell
• Musical call
• Three-tone musical call
• Musical ringer on peak controller with power saving function
• Musical bell on UMS series microcircuits
• Musical call on IC UMS8
• Melodious call on the UMS8 chip
• Call to UMS8
• Doorbell from a musical postcard
• House bell with sound recording capability
• Electromusical bell on K555ID3
• House bell on ISD1210P
• Music synthesizer on UM66T
• ChipCorder - speech recording and playback device
• Voice changer
• Doorbell "Patriot"
• Microcontroller doorbell
• Doorbell with additional functions
• Phono signal
• Bird singing simulator
• "Electronic Zoo"
• Siren sound simulator
• Police siren on two 555
• Siren for the model
• Simulator of engine sound and car horn
• Duck quack simulator
• Rain sound simulator
• Bicycle musical bell on UMS-7-08
• Sound alarm
• Audio toy on 555 timer
• Melodic machine with polyphonic sound
• Controlling the closing of the front door using ATtiny13
• Refrigerator door open alarm

Power regulators:

• Remote power control
• Phase power controller with touch control
• Touch controller for 145AP2
• Power regulator for electric stove
• Simple power regulator
• Power regulator on KR1182PM1
• Dimmer for loads up to 400VA
• Dimmer
• Power regulator
• Simple three-channel thyristor power regulator
• Triac power regulator
• Soldering Iron Temperature Controller
• Power regulator for soldering iron
• Soldering iron power regulator
• Soldering iron tip temperature regulator
• Designs based on KR1182PM1
• Control of triacs using K1182PM1R and K1182PM1R1
• Mains voltage regulator
• Simple motor speed controller
• PWM speed controllers for low-power electric motors
• Speed ​​controller for drill with feedback on PIC
• Stabilized electric drill speed controller
• Speed ​​regulation of 12V motor using PWM
• 12V commutator motor speed stabilizer
• Speed ​​controller for commutator motor from washing machine
• Fan speed controller 12V
• Simple PWM regulator

Welding technology:

• DIY welding inverter
• Welding inverter
• Semiautomatic welding machine controlled by a microcontroller
• Inverter for semiautomatic welding machine 250A
• Portable welding machine
• Portable pulse electric welding machine
• Semiautomatic welding machine with touch control
• Semi-automatic welding machine in a carbon dioxide gas environment with automatic feeding of welding wire
• Professional controller for semi-automatic welding machine
• High Power Regulator for Welding Machine
• Motor speed controller for semi-automatic welding machine with short-circuit protection and voltage stabilization
• Wire feed speed regulator for semi-automatic welding machine
• Starting circuit of a semi-automatic welding machine
• Do-it-yourself spot-spark welding machine for jewelry work
• Idle limiter for a welding machine made from parts of an old TV
• Automatic electronic control device for high frequency micro welding
• Welding transformer open circuit voltage limiting device
• Upgraded mask

Stun guns:

• Shocker with adjustable output voltage
• Super Shocker
• Electroshock protection device 80 kV
• Electroshock protection
• Stun gun
• Mega stun gun (high power electric stun gun)
• Megashocker-2 (Improved circuit of the previous stun gun)
• Electroshock powered by 5V
• DIY stun gun
• 15 watt stun gun
• 30 W stun gun
• Stun gun 30 Watt
• Powerful stun gun
• High power shocker on BB coil
• Evil shocker
• The most powerful stun gun - AKA-22M
• Updated stun gun AKA 22
• Stun gun AKA-22E (modernization)
• Personalized shocker AKA
• Taser x26 clone
• Karakurt stun gun
• Stun gun 500000V
• Stun gun without radio components
• Converter transformer winding technology for stun gun

Miscellaneous:

• Electric curtains
• Curtain control device
• Automatic protection of network radio equipment
• High-current equipment protection device
• Electronic mains switch-fuse
• Warning and shutdown device
• Smart Home on Orange Pi One
• Turning the load on and off with one button without fixing
• Turning the load on and off with two different pulses
• Code switch
• Gate remote control
• Half duplex intercom
• Intercom and switch
• Doorphone intercom (ENGLISH)
• Simple intercom
• Bicycle speedometer
• Bicycle headlight voltage stabilizer
• Identification signal light for a bicycle with a strobe effect
• Power consumption logger on AVR
• Operating principle of an electronic meter
• Electric meter connection
• Single-phase electronic electricity meter Mercury-200
• Three-phase electronic electricity meter Mercury-230
• Second life Air Wick or giving fresh air - 2
• Electronic dust collector
• Ionizer in a car vacuum cleaner
• Scary Delta or home 3D printer
• Cathodic protection technology for washing machines against scale
• Washing machine controller based on ATmega8
• Laser pointer in the actuator
• Photo gallery on available elements
• Photo gallery from a laser pointer
• Photo gallery based on a laser pointer
• Stopwatch at 9.999 sec
• Automatic stopwatches for competitions
• Sports two-channel stopwatch
• Direct and inverse counting device with indication
• Scoreboard for hockey box (hockey scoreboard)
• Night racing - electronic trainer
• Second life of a toy
• Slot machine Fisherman
• Electronic watch SOVA
• Watch “Always with you”
• Binary clock
• Multifunctional clock with matrix indicators
• Simple clock on MK
• Application of electronic clock unit
• Laser-pumped watches
• Old watches - new opportunities
• Clock with indicators on LED strips
• Refinement of the electromechanical alarm clock Yantar
• Automatic brightness adjustment of LED clock
• DIY night vision device
• DIY air humidifier
• Improvement of the Airwick automatic air freshener
• Ultrasonic washing machine
• Ultrasonic emitter - dog repeller
• Ultrasound against rodents
• Ultrasound against mosquitoes
• Ultrasound against mosquitoes-2
• Homemade mole and shrew repeller
• Mosquito protection with programmable evaporator
• Device: anti-neighbors
• Protection of equipment from power surges
• Automatic stapler control unit
• Contactless limit switch
• Connecting a 3-phase motor to a single-phase network, from theory to practice
• Connecting a three-phase electric motor to a single-phase network
• Thyristor electric drive of a monorail
• DIY motor and controller for an electric scooter
• Photo flasher
• Flashing LED from 220V
• Ultraviolet LED lamp for drying nails
• Sound note (PCB)
• Digital voice recorder on one chip
• Timer for refrigerator on PIC controller
• Electronic butler for refrigerator
• Automatic washbasin (PCB)
• Pipe emergency shutdown management
• Multivibrator based on KR504NT
• How to choose a microwave
• DIY dynamo
• Charger slippers
• Asynchronous electric motors
• Home refrigerator cooling device
• Power extension cord for aquarium
• Automatic feeding of aquarium fish
• Flash with incandescent lamp
• Conversion of high-voltage flash units
• Semiconductor AC Switch
• Remote TV program switching
• Remote control radio extender
• IR socket
• New life for an old phone or phone-light
• Telemechanics by phone
• Home telemechanics via 220 V network
• Electronic load switch
• Chips TC9148-9150 for remote control of household equipment
• Vibrating chair
• Automatic start of diesel generator when power supply is cut off
• Electronic refrigerator defroster
• Automatic control unit for electric smokehouse
• Electric lighter for gas
• Flame control device
• Light and music fountain
• Automatic Washbasin Pump
• Automatic water pumping for irrigation tank
• Automatic water pumping on mosfet
• Automatic water pumping
• Pipeline regeneration technology
• Control controller for automatic irrigation system
• Automatic watering machine for indoor plants
• Automatic plant watering control
• Irrigation programmer
• Protecting the pump in the well from air intake
• Pump control unit for the “Fog” installation for a home garden greenhouse
• Circulation pump thermostat
• Pump-dispenser control circuit
• Smart pressure switch for pumping station on PIC controller
• Automatic water pump control
• Pump automation
• Two-mode automatic pump
• Automation for drinking water purification device
• "Living water" for seedlings
• Application of adsorption heated humidity sensors
• Technology for modifying the physical properties of water
• Technology for reducing hydrogen sulfide emissions from batteries
• Archive for slides
• DIY language laboratory
• Vibrating table for product testing
• Automatic low frequency - TV video input
• Digital advertising dispenser
• Automatic amplifier input selector

Garland auto switch

The switch is made using simple DIY instructions. To create homemade products with your own hands, you will need the following materials:

• aluminum cylinder;
• wide tape;
• tin;
• electric motor with gearbox;
• Super glue;
• PVC sheets;
• switch;
• battery (3.7 V).

Master Class:

• First, a cylindrical contact is assembled (a casing from a capacitor will do): it is sanded to completely clean the surface and wrapped with adhesive tape (5 mm left at the edge).

• After this, a template should be cut out of paper, and an insulated cylinder should be placed on it. Tracks are cut out on its surface for connecting electrical garlands: in these places you need to expose the surface of the capacitor.

• Next, the motor pulley is glued to the cylinder. The next step is to glue the body of PVC fins in the shape of the letter “P”. In each rack you need to drill holes for the motor and drum shaft.

• A screw is screwed into the central part of the cylinder opposite the pulley. Here it is necessary to achieve alignment. Afterwards, the drum and engine are secured to the frame.

• The next stage is cutting the sheet metal into narrow strips for rubbing contacts and closing the circuit. Then they are bent and attached to the frame using a plastic jumper. One of the contacts is located on a non-insulated section of the drum.

• Electricians recommend soldering terminals to the contacts. The battery is connected to the motor via a switch. Then the wiring coming from the power cable is connected to the extreme contact, which is constantly in contact with the drum. After this, the remaining contacts are connected. The wires that remain are twisted together.

This way you can make an auto switch yourself. The result will be an interesting alternating flickering of the light bulbs.

Photo relay for street lamps

The photo relay is made according to the scheme, and will become a useful addition for the home. Such homemade products are designed to control street lighting.

The simplest guide:

• During manufacturing, a 7805 stabilizer and a sensor consisting of an lm358 microcircuit, a photoresistor, a tuning resistor, and a harness are placed on the board. The relay with the transistor and the power supply can be soldered separately using surface mounting.

• The board is made using LUT methods and etched in a liquid containing peroxide, citric acid, and salt. Then you need to solder the parts. It is recommended to carry the photoresistor on wires with heat-shrinkable casings.

• The power supply is performed on a transformer (output voltage - 11.1 V), a diode bridge in the housing, and a capacitor.

• You will also need a junction box to install all the elements. A screw is used to secure the board and sensor, and ties are used for the power supply and photo relay.

To connect the power, special connectors are useful.

Watch the video: