Connecting a dimmer: connection diagrams and installation instructions

Once you have decided on the brand and type of dimmer to adjust the lighting, you need to connect it somehow.
In addition to simple models, where there are only two input-output terminals, you should not forget about other nuances. Therefore, let's look step by step from A to Z at the main circuits for connecting a dimmer to a lighting network that you may encounter.

On the one hand, such a regulator can be turned on to control one or several lamps as a single electrical point. It doesn’t matter whether it’s a touch dimmer or a rotary-push one.

Or you can use a pass-through dimmer and control the light from different places in your apartment or house.

But in general, before connecting any lamp in the apartment, it would not hurt to find out whether it can be dimmed at all. After all, there are many problems with this matter, especially with LED lamps.

When it comes to ordinary incandescent or halogen lamps, there is no need to rack your brains.

Kinds

The simplest dimmer works based on variable resistors (rheostats).
This method of adjusting lighting is considered ineffective and has low efficiency due to overheating and the need for cooling. Nowadays, manufacturers no longer mass-produce such devices; most often, radio amateurs make them themselves. The regulator, which is based on the operation of an autotransformer, produces an almost ideal sinusoidal curve at the output. But such a device is large in size and weight, and adjustment will require considerable effort.

The most popular at the moment are electronic dimmers, which are based on the operation of thyristors, transistors and triacs. It is precisely they that cannot be used with equipment that requires a sinusoidal power supply. Such regulators have another drawback: during operation they create interference that interferes with the normal functioning of radios and other sensitive devices. However, despite the listed disadvantages, electronic dimmers are used more often than others, due to their low price, small size and available additional functions.

In terms of execution, the regulator can be:

• Modular. They are installed in the electrical panel. The connection diagram for a dimmer of this design works with incandescent and halogen lamps through step-down transformers. To make them more convenient to use, the dimmer has an external button or a key switch. As a rule, a modular type of dimmer is used to regulate the brightness of lamps at the entrance gate, flights of stairs or yard lighting.
• On a cord. You can call it a mini-device that regulates the lighting of lamps that are not directly connected to the general electrical network, but are connected through a socket and plug (table lamps, sconces, floor lamps). This regulator only works with incandescent lamps.

• Monoblock. Externally, it is very similar to a regular switch. Works with different types of lamps; as a rule, this is indicated on the housing. The device is installed in the electrical circuit for a phase break; this dimmer is mounted instead of a switch.

Monoblock options are often used in apartments. In private residential buildings, it is convenient to install modular devices when you need to control the light in the adjacent area.

It is worth noting that there are still walk-through models of dimmers; they work on the same principle as walk-through switches, that is, the light can be adjusted in two places.

Dimmer device

Devices that allow you to smoothly change the power of electric current have been known since the 19th century. Using variable resistors invented by the German physicist Poggendorff, the voltage and current in the electrical network were regulated. The principle of operation of the device was based on increasing or decreasing resistance. However, such devices have a very low efficiency index and become very hot, which can lead to a fire.

Autotransformers can also serve as dimmers. Their performance is high, they produce a stable voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz. A significant disadvantage of such devices is their large dimensions and weight. Moreover, they are expensive. That is why they did not gain much popularity.

Electronic dimmers are produced today for household and private needs. They are compact, have excellent performance and are affordable. The products have different shapes and designs, are designed for different power and connection methods.

How are they built?

• The main design element is a key or switch. It is controlled by semiconductor transistors, triacs or thyristors, depending on the model and manufacturer.
• In order for the lamp to change its brightness, it must be supplied with current in the form of a trimmed sine wave. This is exactly what an electronic key does: it does not allow some waves to pass through, thereby reducing the voltage supplying the light source.

There are two types of adjustment:

• The leading edge of the wave is cut off using electromagnetic transformers. Suitable for fluorescent, LED and incandescent lamps operating with standard voltage 220 V and low;
• adjustment along the back of the wave is provided by electronic transformers. They work with halogen, LED and incandescent lamps.

Therefore, incandescent lamps are universal and work with any type of dimmer. But with LED products you need to be careful. If you plan to purchase LED lamps as light sources, select appropriate dimmers. Or they use LED lamps marked “dimmable”, which can be used with any dimmers. The same applies to compact energy-saving lamps: they must be labeled accordingly.

Electronic devices must be equipped with protection against overheating and short circuit. A choke or inductive-capacitive filter is also included in the circuit to reduce electromagnetic interference.

Dimmer classification

There are two types of dimmers - monoblock and modular. Monoblock systems are made as a single unit and are designed to be installed in a box as a switch. Due to their small size, monoblock dimmers are popular when installed in thin partitions. The main area of ​​application of monoblock systems is apartments in multi-storey buildings.

There are several types of all-in-one devices on the market:

1. With mechanical adjustment. Control is carried out using a rotary disk. Such dimmers have a simple design and low cost. Instead of a rotary control method, a push version is sometimes used.
2. With push-button control. These are more technically complex and functional mechanisms. Multifunctionality is achieved by grouping regulators controlled from a remote control.
3. Touch models. They are the most advanced devices and the most expensive. Such systems fit well into the surrounding interior, especially those decorated in a modern style. Commands are transmitted using an infrared signal or radio frequencies.

Modular systems are similar to circuit breakers. They are installed in junction boxes on DIN rails. Modular devices are used to illuminate stairwells and corridors. Modular systems are also popular in private homes where it is necessary to illuminate the surrounding areas. Modular dimmers are controlled by an external button or a key switch.

Dimmer power is a key parameter when choosing it. The total power of the connected devices should not exceed this figure for the dimmer. There are systems on sale with power levels between 40 watts and 1 kilowatt.

According to design features, single, double and triple modifications are distinguished. In most cases, consumers choose single dimmers.

Varieties

Depending on what needs to be connected - light in a separate room, a group of rooms or a single light bulb in a night light, various types of dimmers are used. Modern models differ according to the following number of parameters:

• Execution.

Depending on their appearance or design, regulators come in 4 main types:

• Modular. Designed for installation in an electrical panel on a DIN rail. In appearance they are similar to a machine gun. It uses a step-down transformer. Incandescent and halogen light bulbs are connected through them. Controlled via a remote button or key switch. Area of ​​application: adjusting the brightness of lighting on the street, in the yard, at the gate, on flights of stairs.
• On a cord. Compact models equipped with a power cord and plug. Intended only for adjusting the luminosity of incandescent lamps. With their help, the parameters of individual lamps – bedside lamps, table lamps, floor lamps – are controlled.

A dimmer on the cord simplifies the connection of a table lamp or night light Source stroypomochnik.ru
See also: Catalog of companies that specialize in electrical work of any complexity

• Monoblock. Depending on the modification, they can serve different types of light bulbs. In appearance and installation method they are similar to standard room switches. Installed in the electrical circuit for phase interruption.
• Walkthroughs. They work on the principle of a pass-through switch - they allow you to control lighting from different locations.

Monoblock models are most often used to connect light inside the house, and modular models are used to control it on the territory.

• Control method.

Depending on the on/off mechanism and the method of setting the characteristics, dimmers are divided into the following 4 types:

• Sensory. Equipped with touch screen control. They are distinguished by maximum reliability and durability among analogues - due to the absence of mechanical switching elements.
• Rotary. Control is carried out by turning a special disk with a scale. The models are very common and comfortable to drive. The disadvantage is that the device always turns on with the minimum brightness set.

Rotary dimmer models Source elektro.ru

• Keyboards. Externally similar to standard light switches. Moving the key to its extreme positions turns the light on/off, and holding it for at least 3 seconds adjusts the brightness. For 2-key models, the function is delegated - one key turns it on and off, the other controls the luminosity.
• Turn-push. The principle of operation is similar to rotary models, but the dial must be pressed to turn it on and off, and turned to adjust.

Rotary models are the most widely used for adjusting home lighting parameters due to their simplicity and ease of use.

• Additional features.

Depending on what specific tasks are assigned to the dimmer - simply connect a table lamp or control all the light in the house and outside it from a distance - models may additionally include the following functions:

• Turning lighting on and off based on timer settings.
• Integration with an intelligent home management system.
• The ability to create a schedule for turning on/off lamps for individual rooms - for the purpose of security function during a long departure.

Modern dimmer models have various functions and are controlled remotely Source ozone.ru

• Implementation of various operating rhythms of lighting equipment - blinking, periodic fading, etc.
• Lighting control using sounds - voice command, clapping.
• Setup and control from a distance using the remote control.

Note! The more functions a dimmer has, the more possibilities and comfort there are in controlling the lighting system. Moreover, with the right approach, it can save up to 20% on energy consumption. However, the more multifunctional the model, the more expensive it will cost to purchase.

Ways to control dimmers

Monoblock dimmers, in turn, have several types depending on the control method:

1. Sensory. These models are considered the most reliable; they do not have any mechanical elements, so there is nothing to break. Control is carried out by touching the dimmer screen.
2. Rotary. Such a dimmer is controlled by a rotary dial; to turn off the lighting, you need to turn it to the extreme left position. This model is very convenient to use and widespread, it has only a small drawback - the last illumination value cannot be recorded; the switching on always occurs at the minimum brightness.
3. Keyboards. This model is generally easy to confuse with a switch. To turn the light on or off, you need to flip the key, and to adjust it, you need to hold it pressed for more than 3 seconds. Some models have two keys - one turns the lighting on and off, the second regulates it. keyboard dimmer
4. Turn-push. The essence of the work is the same as in a rotary dimmer, only to turn the light on and off, the rotary knob must be pressed, and then the brightness can be adjusted by turning it.

Dimmers for fluorescent lamps

Just like in LED lamps, manufacturers of fluorescent models build a matching microcircuit into the base. It receives signals from the dimmer voltage divider.

Dimmer circuit for a fluorescent lamp

The output and input parameters of lamp elements and dimmers must match; for this, manufacturers try to adapt the circuits in lamps for any type of dimmer.

Requirements for installing a dimmer

When installing a dimming device, you should pay attention to several important circumstances:

1. Fluorescent and energy-saving lamps are not dimmable in the standard way. Both types of light bulbs can work with a dimmer, but their service life is sharply reduced. Sometimes the life of a light bulb is reduced to 100–150 hours. In addition, the risk of damage to the dimmer itself increases.
2. Dimmers require a certain minimum load. Most often its value is 40 watts. A decrease in load occurs due to the burnout of one of the light bulbs, deterioration of contacts, and the appearance of flickering with a frequency of 50 hertz. When the load drops below the minimum permissible, the protective system is triggered or the device becomes faulty.
3. Dimmers are sensitive to ambient temperature conditions. At temperatures above 25 degrees, overheating is possible, which can lead to damage to the dimmer.
4. The maximum permitted load on the device should not be exceeded. If necessary, it is recommended to add power amplifiers, which can be used to switch devices up to 1.8 kilowatts.
5. Capacitive and inductive loads cannot be connected at the same time. This can cause damage to the device.

Triac dimmer circuit

The circuit of triac brightness controllers is basically the same everywhere, differing only in the presence of additional parts for more stable operation at low “output” voltages and for smooth regulation. Also, details are introduced into the circuit to reduce the level of interference generated by the dimer into the network.

The simplest dimer scheme

The operating principle of the circuit is as follows. In order for the lamp to light up, the triac must pass current through itself. This will happen when a certain voltage appears between the electrodes of triac A1 and G (which one - see in the datasheet, can be downloaded at the bottom of the article). This is how it appears.

At the beginning of the positive half-wave, the capacitor begins to charge through the potentiometer R. It is clear that the charging speed depends on the value of R. In smart words, the potentiometer changes the phase angle. When the voltage on the capacitor reaches a value sufficient to open the triac and dinistor (see datasheet for dinistor), the triac opens. In other words, its resistance becomes very small, and the light bulb burns until the end of the half-wave.

The same thing happens with the negative half-wave, since diac and triac are symmetrical devices, and they do not care in which direction the current flows through them.

As a result, it turns out that the voltage on the active load represents “stubs” of negative and positive half-waves, which follow each other with a frequency of 100 Hz. At low brightness, when the lamp is powered by very short “pieces” of voltage, flickering is noticeable. The same cannot be said about rheostat regulators and regulators with frequency conversion.

This is what a real light controller circuit looks like. The parameters of the elements are indicated taking into account the variation among different manufacturers, but this does not change the essence.

Practical diagram of a rotary dimmer

More details about the operation of the dimmer can be found in the video:

Additional functions

The very first dimmers had an electromechanical device, and with their help it was only possible to adjust incandescent lamps.

Modern devices provide the consumer with several additional functions:

1. They can turn lights on and off according to a set timer.
2. They can be installed when installing a “smart home” system; now it is very fashionable.
3. Due to the fact that you can set a certain time for turning the lighting on and off, the dimmer allows you to create the so-called presence effect. This is very convenient if you have a long trip ahead and you leave your home unattended.
4. Using a dimmer, you can set different operating modes for lamps, for example, make them blink.
5. With the help of modern dimmers, you can control the lighting acoustically, that is, using a voice command or clapping your hands.
6. The device makes it possible to control the brightness of the light remotely.

Briefly about the main thing

A dimmer is a device that smoothly reduces or increases the voltage in a circuit. With its help you can adjust the brightness, color, rhythm, on and off time, and the operating mode of the light bulbs. Each type of lamp requires its own type of dimmer.

Dimmers used in everyday life differ in the following number of characteristics:

• Design - modular, corded, monoblock, walk-through.
• Controls - touch, rotary, keyboard, rotary-push.
• Additional functions - timer operation, sound control, etc.

To connect a dimmer to a light bulb, 5 basic schemes are used - simple, night lamp, walk-through, control from anywhere, modular. Each of them has its own installation and application features. When installing, you must comply with special requirements and follow the instructions.

Analysis of connection diagrams

The choice of circuit depends on many factors, including the dimmer model, connection method - separate or with switches, the number of dimmers or lighting devices.

You should also take into account a very important point: different devices are used for incandescent lamps, LED lamps and strips, and low-voltage halogen light sources.

Testing a remote control dimmer connected to an LED strip. LED strips are successfully used to illuminate suspended two- and three-tier plasterboard structures

The most basic dimmer connection diagram can easily be confused with the switch installation diagram, since it actually repeats it one to one. Wiring is usually done with a two- or three-wire wire, depending on the grounding system. In new houses, it is recommended to use a wire with three cores - VVGng with a cross-section of 1.5 mm².

Three wires are pulled from the machine in the electrical panel: ground - to the metal body of the chandelier or lamp, zero - to the lamps, and phase - to the dimmer, to the input terminal

But often a chandelier has many arms, and the dimmer is used to control a group of separately located lamps. In this case, it is advisable to install two devices instead of one, so that the lighting level of two separate groups can be controlled.

The fundamental difference is in the number of load wires. One common phase is supplied to the regulator, and at the output there are two phase wires directed to different groups of lamps. Accordingly, zero is also divided by two

How does the connection occur if, instead of setting up control for conventional or energy-saving lamps, it is necessary to set up control for LEDs? Usually, complete with strips or lamps, along with a dimmer, there is an adapter from 220 V to 12 V. This can be a power supply that is plugged into an outlet.

Both wires from the converter are pulled to the dimmer, connected according to the diagram to the required connectors, and from the output terminals they are supplied to one lighting device or several lamps connected in parallel

One or more pass-through switches are often used in conjunction with a dimmer - the electrical network with such a kit becomes more advanced in terms of ease of use. The location of the switch is determined in different ways: it can be between the panel and the dimmer or between the dimmer and the lamp.

The circuitry of pass-through devices differs from a standard device, and this must be taken into account when connecting. The main attention is paid to connecting the phase conductors in both devices. Finally, let’s look at the order of arrangement of wires and terminals for a standard dimmer connection - after all, it is this that is the most popular in everyday life.

The simplest diagram that can serve as a standard for connecting a standard regulator. The phase conductor is supplied to the input, and from the output, the adjacent terminal, it goes to the lamp. The listed examples are only a small part of all possible schemes for installing the device. To make an error-free connection, you must use the manufacturer's instructions as your main guide.

Characteristics and approximate cost of Legrand dimmers

Schindler dimmers are considered a good model; they are more expensive than usual for incandescent or fluorescent lamps, but their advantage is obvious; in practice, this circuit is universal. The dimmer body is made to fit a standard switch, the design is two-key, one key works like a regular switch, the second adjusts the brightness.

Tip #1. Dimmers whose design includes a regular switch are practical to use in country houses where no one lives for a long time. In this case, the lighting network is completely de-energized.

Schneider dimmers:

Some models of Schindler dimmers can be connected to any lamps, incandescent, LED and halogen via a step-down transformer. Often these dimmers are used for heating when raising chicks in a brooder using an infrared lamp. Good brooder wiring diagrams are automated, the thermal relay automatically turns on and off to maintain the required temperature.

Tip No. 2 The dimmer for the IR lamp in the brooder should have a power of at least 800W.

The simplest scheme

Let's look at how to connect a monoblock type dimmer. This model is the most common; it is most often connected independently and mounted instead of a switch.

The dimmer is installed in the network in the same way as a switch, with a phase break, in series with the load. A special point is that you cannot confuse phase and zero. If you connect the regulator incorrectly and set it to the zero break, the electronic circuit will be damaged and fail.

Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to determine the phase wire. The algorithm for these actions will be as follows:

1. Turn off the circuit breaker that supplies voltage to the workplace. That is, it can be an introductory machine for the entire apartment, or for this room.
2. Check that there is no voltage and remove the switch. Remove the key, the protective panel, disconnect the wires from the input and output terminals and remove the operating mechanism from the socket box.
3. We have two wires freed up; we need to find out which of them is the phase wire coming from the junction box. Turn on the power supply again and carefully touch both wires using an indicator screwdriver. That vein, upon contact with which the window on the indicator lit up, is the required phase. Touch the second wire, the window does not light up, which means this is a wire going from the switch to the lighting fixture. Carefully mark the desired phase wire with a marker or a piece of insulating tape.
4. Turn off the power supply again to connect the dimmer. The circuit is very simple; connect the detected phase to the dimmer input contact. Connect the wire that goes to the load (lamp) through the junction box to the output contact.

Scheme options

To connect a dimmer, the following 5 common circuit options are used:

• Simple dimmer.

To correctly connect a light bulb according to this diagram, it is enough to replace the switch with a dimmer, that is, put it on a phase break. However, such instructions only apply to mechanical models. If you need to mount a sensor analogue, you need to connect both phase and zero to the device.

The same rule applies to all multifunctional models - with sensors for sound, motion, light, etc. Similarly, a separate neutral wire will be required for low-power lamps.

The simplest dimmer connection diagram - instead of a switch Source uelektrika.ru

• Night lamp.

When it becomes necessary to dim a table lamp, floor lamp, or night light, it is best to use the following types of mobile models:

1. On a cord. The regulator contains a cord on one side, which simply replaces the factory one on the lamp, and on the other a wire with a plug.
2. Separate building. This is an analogue of the variety discussed above, only without a power conductor - it can be taken from the lamp itself.
3. Rosette. The dimmer simply plugs into the socket, and the lamp is connected through it in the usual way - with a cord and plug.

The choice of a specific model depends on the operating conditions and features of the lighting device.

• Pass-through dimmer.

A pass-through type dimmer is used in conjunction with a switch of a similar type. The scheme is in demand in the bedroom or recreation room. For example, when entering a room, the light is turned on by a switch located at the door, and a regulator located by the bed adjusts the brightness of the light or turns it off/on completely.

As an option, it is possible to install 2 pass-through dimmers according to a similar scheme. However, the scheme will cost much more, due to the considerable cost of such dimmers.

Connection diagram for a dimmer with a pass-through switch Source electrik.org

• Control from anywhere.

A more budget-friendly option for the scheme discussed above is the use of 3-pin dimmers. They function the same way, but without pass-through switches. So, they connect a push-button switch to the 3rd contact, which works like a bell.

To turn on the light with it, you need to press it once, and to start adjusting the brightness, you need to hold it pressed for a certain time.

• Modular.

The scheme involves the use of modular dimmers installed directly on the DIN strip in the electrical panel. With their help, a group of lamps is controlled - in the territory, a flight of stairs, etc. Control is performed by a remote key or push-button switch connected to the module by a separate wire.

From words to action: how to connect a dimmer

There are standard dimmer connection diagrams suitable for home use. They are presented below:

This is what the standard and simplest dimmer connection diagram looks like. Using it you can replace one switch with a dimmer

The diagram clearly demonstrates the connection of a pass-through dimmer. You can install this between the bathtub and toilet, for example

Simple dimmer

In the most trivial case, the dimmer connection diagram is simple: into a break in the phase wire of a chandelier or other lighting device, like a switch. It performs the functions of a switch - in addition to the light control service. Simple dimmers are produced in the form factor of household switches to simplify replacement and installation. One device is replaced by another. By rotating the dimmer key, you can adjust the brightness; in the minimum position, by turning the control, you can turn off the light. More advanced models have a push-and-turn design. Adjustment occurs in the same way, and switching off is done by pressing. The advantage of this design is that it “memorizes” the set level. The rotary handle remains in the same place, and the next switching occurs at the same brightness level. Even more expensive models have touch controls, audio controls, remote control, etc.

Dimmer with switch

Also popular is a slightly more complicated circuit, but certainly very convenient, especially for use in bedrooms - a switch is installed in front of the dimmer to break the phase. The dimmer is mounted near the bed, and the light switch, as expected, is located at the entrance to the room. Now, while lying in bed, it is possible to adjust the lamps, and when leaving the room, the light can be completely turned off. When you return to the bedroom and press the switch at the entrance, the light bulbs will light up with the same brightness with which they were burning at the moment of shutdown.

Similar to pass-through switches, pass-through dimmers are also connected, which makes it possible to control lighting from two points. Three wires should go from each dimmer installation location to the distribution box. The input contact of the first dimmer is supplied with phase from the supply network. The output contact of the second dimmer is connected to the lighting load. And the two pairs of remaining wires are connected to each other by jumpers.

Design and principle of operation

Externally, dimmers resemble ordinary switches, but they allow you to adjust the brightness level. Let's look at different execution schemes and their features.

On a thyristor

In most cases, a thyristor is used as the main element.

The general operating algorithm is as follows:

1. While the SCR thyristor is closed, the capacitor (C) gains charge through the resistance.
2. The voltage of the input half-wave increases.
3. At a certain moment (when the voltage increases above 32 Volts), the ZD dinistor opens, and after it the SCR thyristor opens.
4. A current passes between the terminals and flows until the value drops to the level required to close the ZD.
5. The capacitor is discharged through D1 (diode) and SCR.
6. The thyristor closes and the process repeats again.

By opening the thyristor at certain intervals when passing through “0,” it is possible to “cut off” the sinusoid and thereby change the voltage parameter and load current.

With throttle

Many dimmers use switches that, when added to the circuit, produce electromagnetic (EM) oscillations in a wide frequency range.

Such waves cause current to appear in the wires connecting the dimmer, power supply and load, thereby creating interference.

To combat the problem, inductance chokes or LC filters are used. They are installed near the load or power source.

The higher the frequency, the more compact the inductor. By choosing the right filter, you can reduce the level of interference to a minimum.

On a resistor

Dimmers with resistance R are used to change the brightness of incandescent lamps.

Structurally, the device consists of a rheostat / variable resistance, and operates on the basis of Ohm's law.

As the resistance increases, the current in the bulb decreases, which reduces the activity of the filament.

The design is very simple, but it has a big disadvantage - constant power consumption, regardless of the adjustment position.

So, as the resistance increases, the current decreases, but the total load remains unchanged. Excess energy is converted into heat and goes into the air.

Therefore, it will not be possible to save electricity using such devices.

Resistor dimmers are rare, but are used to change the brightness of semiconductor lamps.

We are talking about an analog control method, which is almost never used due to low efficiency and high sensitivity.

On a triac

This circuit is a little more complicated than the resistor version. A triac is used here, playing the role of a key and changing the current parameters.

During operation, the voltage represents pieces of negative / positive half-waves, and when the brightness decreases, the light bulb is powered by “stumps”.

A 200 Hz signal arrives at the PWM generator. In this case, the brightness changes taking into account the time interval and pulse length. The current/frequency parameters remain unchanged.

Despite the great complexity of execution, the triac circuit has a number of advantages.

Thus, increasing the brightness does not increase the current load. In addition, such devices can be controlled/switched on remotely or near the light source itself.

How it works - DIMMER

Diagram for connecting and controlling a dimmer from anywhere

If you want something cheaper, look at three-pin dimmers. They can also work like walk-through ones, but do not require special switches. For example, individual models from Legrand or Schneider.

Their third contact is used to connect non-fixed buttons, like a bell. Pressed once - they gave a command to turn on the dimmer. We held it longer and dimming began.

The electrical connection diagram here is as follows.

Example of popular models and their characteristics

The modern market delights buyers with a huge number of dimmers, differing in design features, mounting method, manufacturer and other parameters.

Below we highlight some of the most popular options.

Touch dimmer RF6-18, 12/24 V, 3*6A/18A, 216/432 W, IP20

Dimmer with touch control, designed for illumination of LED lamps for 12 and 24 Volts. Control is carried out using the remote control.

Dimmer capabilities allow you to turn the strip on/off and change the brightness.

Characteristics:

• voltage - DC;
• power - 432 W;
• degree of protection—IP20;
• output voltage - up to 18 V;
• dimensions - 17.8x6.5x5 cm;
• case material - plastic;
• number of colors - 3;
• Possibility of use with a “smart home” - yes.

Dimmer EKF Minsk ERD06-101-10

Dimmer in a frame, designed for vertical/horizontal concealed installation.

Works with incandescent and halogen lamps for voltages up to 230 V. Mounted with a spacer or with screws. Supplied complete with frame.

Switching on is carried out by turning or by turning with pressure.

Characteristics:

• voltage - AC;
• voltage - 230 V;
• degree of protection—IP20;
• power - from 40 to 600 W;
• rated current - 3 A;
• dimensions - 8.4x8.4x4.7 cm;
• White color;
• Case material: plastic.

Mini dimmer WI-FI 12-24 V, 8A, 96/192 W, IP20

A small dimmer designed to control a 12 or 24-volt LED strip from Android or iOS phones. Works via radio channel.

With it you can turn on/off the device, change the brightness. The dimmer is programmable.

Characteristics:

• voltage - DC;
• power - 192 W;
• degree of protection—IP20;
• output voltage - up to 8 V;
• dimensions - 17.8x6.5x5 cm;
• case material - plastic;
• number of color channels - 3;
• Possibility of use with a “smart home” - yes.

Circuit with two pass-through switches

This scheme is used quite rarely. It is in demand for organizing lighting control in walk-through rooms and long corridors. The circuit allows you to turn the light on and off, as well as adjust it from different ends of the room.

Pass-through switches are placed in a phase gap. The contacts are connected by conductors. The dimmer enters the chain in a sequential manner, after one of the switches. A phase approaches the first contact, which then goes to the incandescent lamp.

Brightness control is carried out by a dimmer. However, it should be borne in mind that when the regulator is turned off, the pass-through switches are not capable of switching light bulbs.

Dimmer operating principle

Previously, in lighting networks, a rheostat (variable wire resistance) was connected in series with the load, changing the current in the circuit, the power changed, and the brightness of the lamp changed accordingly. This method is not economical; the remaining power was dissipated as heat on the rheostat structure. With the advent of semiconductor devices, diodes, triacs, transistors and theristors, it became possible to more economically control this process. Let's consider the operation of the simplest circuit using a diode bridge and a thyristor.

The simplest circuit of a thyristor dimmer

This circuit allows you to change the voltage on the load from 0 to 220V; the lamps are connected to the network through a diode bridge. While the teristor is closed, no current passes through the diodes, a rectified voltage is applied between the anode and cathode of the teristor, at the same time it is applied to the charging circuit C1;R2;R1; when the capacitor is fully charged, the teristor opens. In this case, the diagonal of the bridge is closed, alternating current will pass through the load, in the diagonal of the bridge the current flows only in one direction, this allows the use of a theristor.

Dimming a table lamp

If you need to dim a table lamp or night light rather than a ceiling light, then this whole complicated procedure can be avoided. It is enough to disconnect and throw away the factory power cord and connect a special dimmer on the cord in its place.

There are plenty of models in stores and on Ali. Separate boxes without wires are also sold.

You will need them if you do not want to throw away the factory cord from the table lamp. For those who don’t want to go into such a jungle at all and rework wiring diagrams, dimmers for sockets are sold.

You plug this structure into the nearest outlet, and through it you connect the plug of the table lamp. And everything is perfectly regulated.

Features of operation

When purchasing and using dimmers, it is important to consider a number of features of their use.

Let's highlight the basic nuances:

1. The use of dimmers near radios and other highly sensitive devices is not recommended. This is due to the appearance of interference during the operation of such devices. For example, when you turn on a soldering iron with a regulator, the oscilloscope will show extraneous signals, and you won’t be able to listen to the receiver on long/medium waves.
2. Connecting a dimmer to an incandescent lamp allows you to avoid a current surge and, accordingly, protect it from burning out ahead of schedule. In reality, such protection does not always work, and when turned on, the lamps still light up (although the likelihood of such a situation occurring is lower). By the way, the starting voltage at the minimum regulator level depends on the type of dimmer.
3. The efficiency of an incandescent light bulb decreases noticeably along with a decrease in the potential difference at the input. Therefore, instead of reducing the brightness, it is better to connect a lamp of lower power and without a dimmer.
4. The dimmer may cause interference when recording audio using a pickup or microphone. This feature must be taken into account in special rooms where sound is recorded or in radio stations. In such places, incandescent lamps should be connected directly or special circuits should be used.
5. When adjusting the lamp power using a dimmer, not only the brightness changes, but also the color temperature. In particular, as brightness decreases, the light becomes redder.
6. A powerful incandescent lamp, when dimmed using a dimmer, can produce high-frequency noise that can be heard in complete silence. This occurs due to mechanical vibrations of the filament, which burns with the participation of currents with HF harmonics (appear at the moment the triac switches). If you power the light bulb directly, there will be no such effect.

Rotary dimmer installation

Let's look at an example of how to properly connect a rotary dimmer:

1. Start with parsing. Pull the rotary handle slightly towards you and remove it.
2. Below it you will see a button secured with a clamping nut. Unscrew this nut and remove the front panel.
3. There is a working part under the panel; connect the wires to the contact outputs according to the diagram discussed above. Now insert the working part into the socket box and secure it in it with screws.
4. Place the front panel, secure with a nut and secure the rotary disk on top. The installed dimmer is ready for use, all that remains is to make sure the circuit is correct.
5. Turn the dial counterclockwise, you will hear a characteristic click, which means the dimmer is turned off. Apply voltage to the room by turning on the circuit breaker. The lamps in the lamp do not light, which means everything is correct, because our regulator is turned off. Now start turning the dial clockwise, you will again hear a click indicating it is turned on. After this, the voltage on the lamps will begin to increase smoothly, and the brightness of the lighting will increase accordingly.

The dimmer is connected to LED lamps in the same way, with a phase break. There is only one small difference: the wire from its output contact does not go directly to the lamps, but first to the LED lamp controller.

How to install and connect the dimmer is shown in this video:

As you can see, connecting the regulators is not particularly difficult. If you know how to install and assemble a circuit for switches, then you can handle dimmers.

Types of dimmers and design features

A dimmer or, in other words, a dimmer allows you to set different lighting modes from one point. Unlike a two-key switch, which can provide up to 3 intensity positions, this device smoothly changes the brightness of one or more light sources from the weakest to the maximum.

To install it correctly, you need to understand the design. But this is where a complication arises regarding the different species. There are devices on sale with different control methods.

The most famous is the rotary mechanism, but besides it you can also come across push-button, electronic, remote and even acoustic ones.

The main operating element of the rotary model is the handle, which must be turned clockwise/counterclockwise to reduce or increase the lighting power

Like a switch, a light controller of the simplest design is connected to a two-wire wire in an open circuit.

The shape of the housing resembles a standard electrical installation - a socket or switch - therefore it can be mounted either in a socket box or simply in a free wall niche. Fixation occurs due to an elastic metal spacer tab or two tabs, and the contacts are also standard.

The first contact is for the incoming phase coming from the distribution box, the second is for the outgoing load core, which is directed to the lighting source. The lighting fixtures can be a table lamp, floor lamp, chandelier, sconce or a group of spotlights.

Manufacturers provide devices with detailed wiring diagrams that must be followed. They are printed on paper and directly on a plastic case

The push-button regulator resembles a regular switch: by briefly pressing the keys you can turn the lamp on/off. However, if you hold the key for 1-2 seconds, the lighting intensity will gradually change.

Modern electronic models can simultaneously control several lamps (from 2 to 5) installed in different rooms. Remote devices are equipped with a remote control. But you need to remember - the wider the functionality of the dimmer, the higher its cost.

If we talk about differences in installation, then the installation and connection of electronic devices is almost the same, with the exception of nuances characteristic of individual manufacturers.

Connecting LED strip

Through special dimmers you can connect not only light bulbs, but also LED strips or low-voltage LED lamps.

When connecting dimmable LED lamps with remote power supply, keep in mind that the dimmer is placed in front of the driver, and not after it.

But on LED strips, in the connection diagram it goes after the 12-36V power supply.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of regulators include:

• the ability to change the brightness of the backlight to your liking or according to the conditions of the lighting effect;
• if there are several LED strips of different brightnesses, it becomes possible to even out their glow;
• Many dimmers are capable of creating various lighting effects, enriching the decorative design of the room.

The disadvantages of the devices should be considered:

• many circuits create a noticeable flicker, which for sensitive people can create very adverse effects;
• cheap samples do not provide many effects and are not of high quality. More efficient devices cost significant amounts, often exceeding the entire cost of LED backlighting.

Despite the existing shortcomings, the popularity of dimmers is constantly expanding. Attractive lighting effects and the ability to regulate the operating mode of LED strips attract a large number of users.

Diagram for connecting LED lamps

For LED lamps, you cannot use the same dimmer as for halogen and incandescent lamps, designed for a specific type of load. Most of the LED, fluorescent and energy-saving lamps are not configured to work with a conventional dimmer and quickly fail. But today there are special dimmers on sale for working with this type of lamp.

There are no fundamental differences between the dimmer connection diagram for LED lamps and the diagrams described above. Its only feature is that the dimmer is installed in front of the controller of the LED strip or lamp.

Acceptable errors when connecting dimmers

• It must be taken into account that not all LED lamps can operate from a simple thyristor or seven-storage dimmer. Only those that have a matching circuit with pulse width modulation. There are dimmers with a PWM circuit, then you can connect regular LED lamps. When purchasing, consult a specialist;
• When connecting a dimmer, be sure to connect the phase wire to the terminal marked “L”, the wire from the lamp to the “N” terminal;
• Correctly calculate the load on the dimmer; to do this, you need to add up the power consumption of the lamps in the circuit and install the appropriate dimmer. If there are 3 60W lamps in the circuit, a dimmer of at least 200W in power is required, with a margin. Otherwise, the semiconductor elements of the circuit may burn out;
• When connecting LED strips, a voltage converter is sometimes confused with a step-down transformer. These are different things; you can connect halogen lamps through a step-down transformer, while the voltage remains variable. LED strips are connected through a voltage converter, it is reduced from 220V to 12V and converted to DC by a rectifier. In such a circuit, polarities must be taken into account.

Installation of Fibaro FGD211 dimmer with switch

The peculiarity of this model is that it is compatible with the smart home system and is controlled from a computer. There are devices that are controlled with a regulator installed in a convenient location.

Dimmers that are installed in the mounting box to the switch are also placed in the phase wire gap, but the installation process itself is slightly different. The switch is also removed, we find the phase, and mark the wire. Next, we take the dimmer, connect terminals 0 and N with a jumper (a piece of copper wire in a sheath). We connect pieces of wire 7-10 cm long to contacts S1 and Sx.

Conductors were connected to the dimmer and a jumper was installed

The next step is to connect the regulator to the wiring. We install the phase wire on the connector with the letter L, the neutral wire on N. We insert the connected device into the installation box (we bend the wires).

Connect the regulator to power

Next, we connect the wires previously installed in sockets S1 and Sx to the terminals on the switch (any order).

Connecting the switch

We screw the switch frame into place, then put on the front cover and keys, program the system and check the operation. If you need to connect a dimmer controlled by a button, it will have two more contacts to which you will need to connect an external button.

Dimmer - what is it, principle of operation, features of application

A dimmer is a special device installed in an electrical circuit that changes the brightness, color, rhythm of operation and other characteristics of the light source. Often the device is installed instead of a standard switch according to the manufacturer’s diagram. Despite the fact that the main purpose of such a regulator is to change the intensity of the light bulb, in addition, depending on the functional equipment, it also performs the following number of tasks:

• Operation of the lighting system according to a given schedule, ensuring the effect of presence.
• Turning off the lighting using a timer.
• Sound control - voice, clapping.
• Connection, disconnection, remote settings.
• Changing all possible lighting characteristics of the lamp - color, rhythm, brightness, etc.
• Combination with a smart home system.

The operation of the dimmer is based on a smooth increase in the voltage of the supplied current to a specified value - from 0 to 100% of the luminaire rating. Thanks to this, such a negative effect as starting surge is eliminated, due to which the service life of light bulbs is significantly reduced, which is especially important for incandescent lamps.

The device of the simplest dimmer Source ytimg.com

Their standard electronic circuitry is based on transistors, triacs and thyristors. They are distinguished by their simplicity of design, low weight and dimensions, as well as their optimal price. In most cases, connecting a dimmer of this type is only possible in a network with spiral light sources or ice elements. This is due primarily to the nature of the amplitude of the output current - not a full sinusoid comes out of the device, as in a standard network, but some kind of half-wave with cut off tops.

For this reason, energy-saving light bulbs included in such a chain will either flicker or not be regulated at all. They require special regulators - based on autotransformers capable of delivering current with an ideal sinusoid. However, the natural price for such an advantage is a significant complication of the circuit, bulkiness and a higher final cost of the device.

Important! When choosing a dimmer, it is important to consider not what specific type it is, but what type of load it is intended for. This determines the scope of its application - for incandescent light bulbs, or LEDs, or for halogen lamps, or for housekeepers.

To connect an LED strip, you need the appropriate type of dimmer Source vamfaza.ru

Modular dimmers - connection diagram

In addition to indoor models, there are also modular units. They are mounted on a DIN rail in the electrical panel.

Through them you can control the lighting in the entrance, staircase or on the street. They come complete with a remote button or switch in the form of a key. By pressing and holding it, the brightness is adjusted.

Such a dimmer is already switched to phase-zero, and the control button is connected with a separate wire from it. The diagrams here look like this:

On the Hager EVN modular dimmer, the connection order is as follows. The L and N contacts are supplied with phase and zero respectively.

The output to the light bulb is removed from pin No. 4.

Through contact No. 3, a control signal is supplied from the connected keys.

What if you don’t want any dimmers or switches on the wall at all, but at the same time want to be able to adjust the brightness of the lighting? And in this case there is a way out.

Use a dimmer installed directly into the installation box.

It is controlled both from buttons and from the remote control.

You can order one for yourself here. The remote control for it is from here. A good video review of this device can be seen below.

Connection instructions

In order to install the dimmer according to the simplest scheme, you will need to disassemble and dismantle the switch, acting in accordance with the following instructions:

• Using the circuit breaker in the panel, de-energize the branch of the electrical circuit in which the work will take place.
• Use an indicator screwdriver to make sure there is no voltage.
• Dismantle the switch by removing the button, unscrewing the fasteners, pulling out the decorative frame, and removing the mechanism.
• Next, the dimmer is installed in the mounting box left over from the switch in the wall.
• To do this, two wires (phase and neutral) are unscrewed from the mechanism.
• The phase is attached to the dimmer, the zero goes to the lamp.
• After this, the device is inserted into the mounting box, the fasteners are screwed in, a decorative frame and a control disk/key are installed.
• After turning on the electricity, the operation of the regulator is checked in accordance with the factory instructions.

Reference! The maximum permissible load on a circuit connected via a dimmer is 1000 watts. However, the limit for most models is 500-700 W. If you need to connect more than 1 kW, you will need to install a special amplifier.

Tips for selection and use

Often a dimmer is purchased to significantly reduce electricity bills. It should be understood that big savings will not be achieved, but it will still be possible to reduce costs by 15-17%. When choosing a model, pay attention to the design. Manufacturers offer various collections that differ not only in technical characteristics, but also in external design - color, shape, size of the decorative panel

Remember that the control mechanisms are sensitive to any excess of the temperature in the apartment; it is usually limited to a value from +27 to -28 °C. For normal operation of the device, a minimum load of 40 W is required, otherwise the working mechanism will quickly fail.

If you try to connect the dimmer to lighting fixtures not listed in the manual, it will not work. The power of the device must correspond to the total power of the lamps.

Types of light bulbs

Dimmers use a variety of types of light sources: incandescent, halogen (regular and low-voltage), fluorescent, and LED bulbs. Options for connecting a dimmer with a switch differ depending on the type of lamps used.

Incandescent and halogen lamps

These light sources are rated for 220 volts. To change the lighting intensity, dimmers of any model are used, since the load is all active due to the lack of capacitance and inductance. The disadvantage of systems of this type is the shift of the color spectrum towards red. This happens when the voltage decreases. The power of the dimmers is between 60 and 600 watts.

Low voltage halogen light bulbs

To work with low-voltage lamps, you will need a step-down transformer with a regulator for inductive loads. A distinctive feature of the regulator is the marking with the abbreviation RL. It is recommended to purchase the transformer not separately from the dimmer, but as a built-in device. For an electronic transformer, capacitance indicators are established. For halogen light sources, the smoothness of voltage fluctuations plays an important role, otherwise the life of the bulbs will be sharply reduced.

Fluorescent lamps

The standard dimmer will have to be replaced with electronic ballasts (electronic ballasts) if the start is carried out by a switch, a starting glow charge or an electromagnetic choke. The simplest diagram of a system with fluorescent lamps is shown in the figure below.

The voltage to the light bulb is sent from a frequency generator of 20–50 kHz. The glow is formed due to the resonance of the circuit created by the inductor and capacitor. To change the current (which changes the brightness of the light) you need to change the frequency. The dimming process begins immediately after reaching full power.

Electronic ballasts are manufactured on the basis of the IRS2530D controller, equipped with eight outputs. This device acts as a half-bridge 600-volt driver with triggering, dimming, and anti-failure functionality. The integrated circuit is designed to implement all possible control methods due to the presence of multiple outputs. The figure below shows a control circuit for fluorescent light sources.

LED light bulbs

Although LEDs are economical, there is often a need to reduce their brightness.

Features of LED light sources:

• standard bases E, G, MR;
• ability to operate with a network without additional devices (for 12-volt lamps).

LED light bulbs are not compatible with standard dimmers. They simply fail. Therefore, to work with LEDs, special switches with brightness controls for LED lamps are used.

Regulators suitable for LEDs are available in two versions: with voltage control and with control via pulse-width modulation. The first type of device is very expensive and large (it includes a rheostat or potentiometer). Voltage dimmers are not the best choice for low-voltage light bulbs and can only operate on 9 and 18 volts.

This type of light source is characterized by a change in spectrum in response to voltage adjustment. For this reason, the adjustment of light diodes is carried out by monitoring the duration of the transmitted pulses. This way it is possible to avoid flickering, since the pulse repetition rate reaches 300 kHz.

In order for the lamp to work correctly, it contains a driver. The possibility of dimming is indicated in the product data sheet. If dimming is not possible, it is recommended to buy special devices with pulse-width control.

There are such PWM regulators:

1. Modular. Control is carried out by remote controllers, remote controls or using special buses.
2. Installed in an installation box. They are used as switches with rotary or push-button control.
3. Remote systems installed in ceiling structures (for LED strips and spotlights).

Pulse width control requires expensive microcontrollers. Moreover, they cannot be repaired. It is possible to independently manufacture a device based on a microcircuit. Below is a dimmer circuit for LED light bulbs.

Normal frequency of oscillations is achieved through the use of a generator, which contains a capacitor and a resistor. The intervals for connecting and disconnecting the load at the output of the microcircuit are set by the size of the variable resistor. A field-effect transistor serves as a power amplifier. If the current is higher than 1 ampere, a cooling radiator will be needed.

Step-by-step replacement instructions

Before work, turn off the power supply. You can replace the switch with a dimmer yourself. You need to follow the replacement instructions - turn off the lighting, remove the switch and install the regulator. Before performing any electrical work, turn off the power supply to the room. To do this, you need to turn off the electricity in the panel on the site or inside the apartment.

First of all, you should remove the decorative panel from the switch. Then the internal mechanism connected to the wires is pulled out. The last step is to disconnect the conductors. The cores must be carefully pulled out of the terminals, keeping them intact.

If the wires are in good condition, there is no need to perform preparatory procedures. You should study the dimmer connection instructions, which outline the basic requirements and wiring diagram for the wires. Then you need to apply power and check the functionality of the regulator. If connected correctly, the brightness will gradually increase and decrease.

A dimmer is a convenient device for adjusting the brightness of lighting. It can be used either instead of a classic light switch or together with it. Having basic electrical engineering skills, you can independently connect the dimmer to the light bulb. To do this, you need to observe the correct connection of conductors and safety precautions.

Voltage loss

In the diagram above you can see that each section of the LED strip is connected to the line on both sides. This is an optional condition that will help avoid some problems. When using a powerful LED strip (14.4 W/m or more), voltage losses occur along the entire length of its sections, which are expressed in a decreasing brightness of the glow closer to the end of the section. And when using multi-color RGB tape, color distortions may occur. To eliminate these problems, each section should be connected on both sides.

Operating principle of pulse width modulators

PWM is a method of influencing a controlled network by changing the amount of power supplied to it. The principle of operation is to regulate the duration of the pulses at a constant frequency. Pulse width modulation can be binary, ternary, digital, analog.

The use of PWM makes it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of electrical converters. Using pulse width modulation, single-cycle, push-pull, half-bridge, bridge, inverse and forward pulse converters are controlled.

For example, PWM is actively used in the production of electronics, such as LCD screens, phone and laptop displays to control the brightness of the light.