How to connect a TV to an antenna, cable TV

To connect your TV to a cable network or digital television antenna, you need to purchase a special television cable and put F-plugs on its ends.

If this problem is not solved competently, the TV may operate unstably or with interference when receiving an analog signal, and digital image and sound may disappear due to signal losses in the cable and its connection points.

The advantage of digital television is the absence of interference in the picture and sound. But if the signal has a lot of noise, then the picture and sound on the TV will periodically disappear, and if the signal is weak, then it will be completely absent.

Selecting a TV cable

Even an excellent TV and correctly placed F-plugs on the ends of the cable will not be able to provide high quality images on the screen when using a low-quality television cable. And the question arises, which antenna cable is better for connecting a TV and what criteria should you use to choose it?

TV cable device

Let's look at how a modern television coaxial cable works using the example of a CAT-703 cable.

Along the center of the entire length of the coaxial cable runs a copper or steel wire core covered with a copper layer. This core is covered with a layer of insulation made of dielectric material. The insulation is covered with a shielding copper or aluminum foil braid, which acts as a second conductor. To protect against mechanical and climatic influences, the cable is covered with a sealed protective sheath.

Inexpensive cables use only aluminum braid, budget cables use copper, and expensive cables use aluminum and copper at the same time, as shown in the photo.

How does current flow through an antenna cable?

To consciously choose a good antenna cable, you need to imagine how high-frequency current flows. Current in an electrical network flows across the entire cross-section of conductors.

The high-frequency current of a television signal flows according to a different law. Everyone knows how laundry is spun in the centrifuge of a washing machine: the higher the speed, the stronger the centrifugal force acts on the water, and it is better removed from the laundry, the laundry becomes drier. Many people experienced the effects of centrifugal force on their own bodies in childhood while riding on carousels.

The high-frequency current of the television signal flows in the antenna cable in a similar way. The higher the frequency, the closer to the surface of the conductor it flows. The skin effect appears. If we take, for example, a copper wire with a diameter of 10 mm and a copper tube of the same diameter with a wall thickness of 1 mm, then a current with a frequency of 1000 MHz will flow through them with the same losses!

Therefore, in antenna cables used for military and space equipment, to reduce signal loss (attenuation), the central core and cable braid are often coated with a thin layer of silver and even gold. This is a very expensive pleasure, and such cables are not used in everyday life.

Due to the small magnitude of the television signal in the antenna cable and its high frequency, it is not possible to determine its presence in the cable, much less carry out measurements at home without specialized expensive instruments. Only connecting the antenna cable to the TV will determine the presence and quality of the television signal.

TV cable marking

The most widely used antenna cables on the market are coaxial antenna cables from different manufacturers with a characteristic impedance of 75 Ohms, brands RG 6U, SAT 50, SAT 703B and DG 113, which can be successfully used for receiving analog and digital television signals up to transmitting them from a satellite antenna with a frequency of up to 2. 15 GHz. The brands are listed in order of increasing quality of the antenna cable - reducing signal loss (attenuation) during transmission. The marking (designation) must be applied to the antenna cable sheath along its entire length every meter with a digital meter mark.

This antenna cable marking indicates the following:

CABLETECH – manufacturing company CABLETECH (China).
RG 6U/48 – cable brand.
HIGH QUALITY COAXIAL CABLE – high quality coaxial cable.
75 OHM – characteristic impedance 75 Ohm.
055M – meter mark, with each meter the mark changes by 1.

How to choose a TV antenna cable

The antenna cable sheath must be marked as shown above. The antenna cable must have a characteristic impedance of 75 Ohms (all televisions and switching devices are designed for this impedance - amplifiers, splitters, set-top boxes for receiving DVB-T2 digital channels). The outer diameter of the antenna cable sheath must be at least 6 mm. Central core and shielding braid made of electrical copper. Antenna cables of the SAT 703B and DG 113 brands meet these requirements. The RG 6U cable has a central steel core, galvanically coated with copper, an aluminum foil screen and copper alloy braiding, this is a budget option.

It is impossible to describe all the television cables on the market, but the information presented is quite enough for you to make the right choice yourself.

Where to install

It all depends on several factors.

If the received signal is quite strong, you can place the antenna in almost any place you like.
If the signal is unstable, it must be installed towards the TV tower.
Typically, the higher it is set, the better the received DTTV signal.

Typically, indoor antennas are installed next to television receivers, on the window sill, on the wall, and sometimes they are hung on curtains. You can choose any location; the most important thing is to achieve the highest quality reception. If the cable included in the kit is not enough, it can always be extended using a variety of couplings and connectors.

How to install the antenna plug on the cable

There is no need to invite specialists to connect the TV to the antenna cable. Every home craftsman can do this work independently using available tools if he follows the instructions below.

The voltage of an analog or digital television signal in an antenna cable is millionths of a volt, so an antenna cable connected to a cable network or another TV is not dangerous to humans. You can easily cut the cable without disconnecting its other end from the splitter or TV. When cutting a cable, an accidental short circuit between the central conductor and the shielding braid is also not dangerous.

How to install an F-plug on an antenna cable

The plugs are sold in three sizes for antenna cables of different diameters. When purchasing, make sure that the F-plug is suitable for your TV antenna cable. This type of plug is suitable for analogue, digital TV and satellite signals.

You can screw the F-plug onto the cable by cutting it in two ways, with the shielding braid wrapped in the diagram on the left side, and without wrapping it in the diagram on the right, in accordance with the cutting diagram below.

The F-plug will hold more securely if the shielding braid is twisted, but if you cannot screw it in, you can use the second method.

To cut a television cable, lightly pressing the knife so as not to damage the shielding braiding of the antenna cable, its outer shell is cut along a few centimeters.

After cutting the shell, it is bent to the side and cut off at the start of the cut.

The aluminum foil and copper braid are turned away. The screen in antenna cables comes in three versions: one copper braid, aluminum foil and on top of it a copper braid (as in my case), only aluminum foil.

Many people do not know that to give mechanical strength, the foil is coated on the inside with polyethylene.

It is impossible to clean the plastic. If you screw the plug onto the inside of the antenna cable foil, there will be no contact, or it will be very poor. To prevent this from happening, you need to bend half of the foil turned back, then the conductive side will be on the outside.

There are situations when the diameter of the hole in the internal thread F of the plug is larger than the diameter of the antenna cable. In this case, before wrapping the foil, you need to wind several layers of insulating tape onto the antenna cable to adjust the size of the cable. Then do everything as described. The insulation is removed from the central core using the technology described in the article “Preparing wires for installation.”

The F plug is screwed onto the foil “wrap onto the cable”.

The central core of the antenna cable is bitten off so that about 2–3 mm remains protruding.

The second half of the plug is screwed in until it stops, and the F-plug is ready for use.

There are times when, after inserting the antenna plug into the TV socket, the cable has to be bent at a right angle or it is impossible to install the TV close to the wall due to the interfering antenna cable. In this case, you can use an F-socket - a plug with an angled design.

The difference between the two described plugs is only in their shape. The technology for installing straight and angled plugs on a television cable is the same.

How to install an old design plug on an antenna cable

Before the advent of antenna F-plugs, plugs of a different design were used, which also did not require soldering, but were connected to the antenna cable using their own technology.

Before you begin installing the plug on the antenna cable, you need to hold it by the metal part and unscrew the plastic case by rotating counterclockwise. Then put the case on the cable so as not to forget.

The next stage is preparing the antenna cable for installation. To do this, use a knife blade to cut through its outer shell to a length of about a centimeter with light pressure. Next, remove the sheath and trim the shielding braid by 5 mm. Remove five millimeters of insulation from the central core. The antenna cable is now ready to be inserted into the plug.

When threading the cable into the plug, it is necessary to ensure that the conductors of the braided fasteners of the central core do not touch. Using pliers, the petals of the antenna plug are crimped around the shielding winding. There shouldn't be much effort. The main thing is to have reliable contact.

Next, screw in the screw securing the central core of the antenna cable until it stops.

The last step is to screw the plastic part onto the metal part of the plug and insert the plug into the TV socket.

Where to insert the antenna cable on the TV

Once the connector is installed on the cable, it can be connected to the TV. The socket for connecting the TV to an antenna or cable network is usually located on its back wall and is marked next to it in the form of the abbreviated inscription “ANT”.

In the photo on the right side you can see the socket for connecting the antenna. The socket is special, standard and differs from all other connectors and sockets available on the patch panel. Therefore, it is physically impossible to mistakenly insert the antenna plug into another socket. Any of the connectors, the installation of which is discussed in the article above, fits well into the television socket.

In modern televisions, to receive a television signal, two connectors are installed to connect an antenna: - cable (digital) television and a satellite antenna.

One, designated RF (ANT 1 IN), is designed to connect a digital television or cable network antenna; this is installed on all models of TVs, both old and modern. The second one began to be installed recently, LNB (ANT 2 IN with external thread) is intended for connecting a satellite dish.

If the TV supports the DVB-S2 standard, then the satellite dish can be connected without a receiver, directly to the LNB connector. To receive digital television channels from a television tower to an individual antenna, the TV must support the DVB-T2 standard. Therefore, when buying a TV, you need to pay special attention to the list of broadcasting standards that it supports.

To receive a signal from a given connector on the TV, you need to select the signal source Antenna or Satellite TV in its Menu and perform automatic or manual channel tuning.

How to connect an antenna cable to a TV without a plug

There are situations in life when you urgently need to connect an antenna cable to your TV, but you don’t have a plug at hand. You can temporarily connect the antenna cable without a plug. To do this, you must first remove the top sheath to a length of 5 cm, develop and unscrew the shielding braid, remove the insulation from the central core of the cable and bend the core itself into a loop. The width of the loop should be slightly larger than the hole in the central connector socket.

If the connector on the TV is like in the photo, then you need to put an insulating tube on the central contact. Next, the loop is inserted into the central contact, and the shielding braid is tucked into the connector using the blade of a screwdriver. The main thing is to prevent the shielding braided wires from coming into contact with the central core of the cable.

If the braid is aluminum, then you can insert it into the television connector and fill the free space with thin copper wires taken from any stranded copper wire. To prevent the wire from falling out of the TV connector, you can secure it with several toothpicks or matches. Such an improvised connector will serve quite reliably.

How to connect an antenna cable to a crab without a plug

The cable is prepared in the same way as for putting on an F-plug, the central core is inserted into the crab's F-connector, and the screen is put on the protruding part of the crab's connector and secured with any wire or clamp. As a last resort, you can fix the cable by tightly wrapping several layers of electrical tape. It will work no worse than with an F-connection.

If you use a clamp with a screw crimping device, the quality and reliability of the connection will be no worse than with an F-connector.

Necessary equipment for connection

The connection of the television cable to the antenna and the receiver itself is not so difficult to perform that you need to seek help from a TV technician. Initially, you will need to choose the right coaxial cable and antenna plug.

Cable

There are many cable manufacturers. Their products, in turn, also have differences both between models of the same brand and, naturally, between models of different ones.

The main two categories of cables can be distinguished by the type of material of the central core:

Pure copper.
Used for satellite TVs. The signal coming from space outside the earth's atmosphere has minimal power, so even minimal losses are unacceptable here. Copper has low resistance, which is why it is used for these purposes.
With copper plating.
In such cables, the core itself is made of steel, and the top is covered with a thin copper layer. This option is used to receive over-the-air broadcasts. There is a loss of some part of the signal, but it is quite insignificant, but the cost of copper-plated steel is definitely lower.

When choosing a cable, consider the following points:

Depends on the type of signal.
If you have a satellite dish, it is better to use cable brands from well-known manufacturers. Models from Russian manufacturers are also suitable for broadcast or cable television.
Length of the route.
The greater the distance the signal has to travel to the target (receiver), the greater the losses it gets there. Keep this in mind, because even the most expensive cables have internal resistance. If the distance is more than 5 m, it will affect the transmission quality.
Girth of the main cable core.
Typically, cable cores are 1 mm thick. There are also those whose core is only 0.5 mm. Although thin wires are convenient for installation, they are more difficult to connect to devices, and losses due to resistance are often greater.
Problems with the proposed route.
Find out in advance about the presence of sources of interference such as clutter of wires and electrical appliances. In this case, it is better to give preference to a cable with the highest possible shielding.
What does the shell consist of?
Also take its material into account when choosing. Outside, the cable is insulated with materials such as PVC (black) or polyethylene (white). For outdoor antennas, it is better to choose a cable insulated with more durable and high-quality PVC.

Plug

Connecting your TV to an external signal source is impossible without using a plug.

The cable is connected to the socket on the panel using this small device.

They are manufactured for television equipment in accordance with international F-standards. The modern F-plug is suitable for both digital TV transmission antennas and those that transmit analogue.

In fact, this is a washer screwed onto the tip of the cable, stripped of the internal insulating material, with a bent braid and screen. The shielding elements are crimped with a plug, while the central core is connected to the receiver slot.

There are three main and most common types of plugs.

Screwed up.

The model has an amplifier (special pressed nut)

Users especially appreciate this type of plug for the ease of connection.

But such a plug also has its drawbacks:

a crimp ring that is too narrow will cause the plug to break during installation;
the short thread on the inside does not allow for tight fixation of the plug in the connector;
During screwing, the braided conductors often break and the protective layer becomes twisted.

Crimping.

Such F-plugs are also characterized by a fairly high degree of ease of installation:

Insert the cable prepared in the basic way (described below) into the hole of the convector.
Cut through the foil with the winding.
Distribute the bent layer over the entire diameter of the wire.
Fix it to the wall from the outside with a crimping movable sleeve.

Crimp plug
Compression.

Such plugs are considered the most reliable

To install and fasten such a model, you need not only to have a set of tools designed for such work, but also to understand all the specifics of the process of connecting the cable to this plug.

The pre-prepared cable is inserted into the connector with special pliers, and the sleeve itself is pulled to the end.

Which antenna plug is better?

The answer is clear: the best of the three considered plugs for television coaxial cable is the F-plug. This is easy to see in the photographs above, even without special knowledge.

As you can see, the antenna plug of the old design and the Soviet antenna plug have a small section of the central core of the cable that is not covered by the shielding braid. This disrupts the uniformity of wave impedance, which leads to minor losses of the television signal.

The F-plug does not have an open section of the central core of the antenna cable. Another advantage of the antenna F-plug is ease of installation. With a minimum set of standard tools and no skills, almost anyone can correctly attach the antenna F-plug to the cable.

Typical connection errors

Not everyone knows that some manufacturers coat the inside of the cable with polyethylene, which cannot be cleaned even with a scalpel. Plastic, even with the best cable stripping, will prevent the creation of high-quality contact with the plug. To avoid signal distortion, it is recommended to turn part of the turned-off foil in the opposite direction so that the conductive side is on the outside.
A typical mistake is getting the thinnest braided wires onto the main core of the cable when crimping it. This may result in poor quality or intermittent signal dropouts. A common mistake when installing and laying cables is placing them in the same baseboard as the electrical wiring. This cannot be done, otherwise the interference created can significantly spoil the mood when watching TV shows.

Connecting a telephone socket: options, diagrams, features

How to connect multiple TVs to a cable network or antenna

Connecting several televisions to a cable network or antenna transmitting an analog or digital television signal is no more difficult than one, except that you will have to put not one F-plug on the cable, but several. For this purpose, there are television signal splitters, popularly called “crabs”, they are also called “splitter”, “splitter” or “divider”.

The crab has one connector for connecting a signal from an antenna or a splitter in the entrance, marked IN (input), and several connectors for connecting televisions, marked OUT (output). If there is no marking, then usually the crab's entrance is on one side of the body, and the exits are in a row on the opposite side. All outputs for the crab to work properly must be connected to TVs.

If there are two outputs, then to two TVs, if there are three outputs, then to three, and so on. There should be no loose connectors on the crab. If the output remains unconnected, then it must be loaded onto a resistor with a resistance of 75 Ohms. Or, as they say, put a plug. But in this case, part of the useful signal will be lost; it is better to use a crab, in which the number of taps is equal to the number of connected TVs.

The design of the splitter is a thin-walled casing made of silumin or brass, which also contains connectors for connecting F-plugs. The divider circuit is usually a transformer, one turn of enameled wire with a diameter of 0.2–0.4 mm, threaded through ferrite rings or tubes. Installation of transformers is carried out using a hinged method. The case is hermetically sealed with a metal lid and sealed or fixed with glue.

Eyelets are provided for mounting the crab on the wall. The housing also has a thread with a screw for grounding, although it is not clear where to get the ground wire in the vast majority of apartments. They are usually not grounded, so on some channels there may be interference from electrical wires, the Internet, and a telephone running next to the television cable. Whenever possible, such proximity should be avoided when laying cables. For a more detailed look at the design and electrical circuit of the crab, you can visit the page “How to connect a television antenna amplifier to a power supply.”

If you wish, you can make a crab, which is not inferior in technical parameters to expensive samples from well-known companies, with your own hands.

When connecting TVs through a crab, the level of television signal reaching each TV connected to it, regardless of whether the TV is working or not, will be reduced due to losses in the crab and the additional cable length. When connecting two TVs - by 30%, three - by 60%, four - by 90%, and if the analogue or digital television signal coming to the crab is already weak, then the image quality on all connected TVs may decrease significantly. Usually the signal in cable television is quite powerful, and its level is sufficient for the normal operation of all televisions connected to the crab.

Rules for laying cables in an apartment

In order to connect efficiently to all cables in the apartment, it is necessary to create the correct connection of the wires. There are several rules. The most important thing is to highlight several lines that are worth drawing:

Separate lighting, electrical supply separately for the kitchen and living rooms, lighting and electrical supply for the bathroom and TV;
It is also worth making a separate power line for the electric stove and for those devices that consume a lot of energy.

Special protective shutdown equipment is installed on each line. It can release a specific line in a timely manner in order to protect the wiring from damage.

How to connect an antenna cable to the television signal line at the entrance of a house

Typically, a television cable is laid along the roof of a house and then, after being amplified by a main amplifier, it branches out along the entrances of the house. Since there are different packages of television programs, at the entrance to the entrance the cable is branched using a filter crab, which is a crab with two outputs. From one output the signal comes out unchanged, and from the second output it is cut off by a high-pass filter. Thus, the ability to watch all television channels is limited for those who buy cheaper social packages. Therefore, two cables run down the entrances.

If you examine the walls in your entrance, you will definitely find on each floor a metal box from which television antenna cables go to the apartments. In modern houses, boxes are no longer installed, but everything is placed in wall cabinets, in which case you will see a metal door with a lock. These boxes house TV signal subscriber taps. If you remove the lid from the box or open the cabinet door, you will see something like this. In the photo on the left is a coupler for subscribers of the full package of television programs, and on the right is for subscribers of the social package.

According to the rules, taps must be secured and grounded, but cable technicians do not do this to simplify their work. Perhaps this is better, since if the grounding is poor, then such grounding can create interference.

Taps installed in junction boxes are not fundamentally different from crabs for connecting several TVs, but they work somewhat differently. One F connector is used to connect the cable coming from the IN trunk. The second OUT is designed to carry the signal to the next tap installed on the floor below. The remaining F TAP connectors, there can be from one to five, are intended for connecting subscribers, that is, for connecting television cables going to apartments.

There should be no unconnected subscriber connectors. In case of disconnection of one subscriber, for example for non-payment, it is allowed to install an F-connector with a load resistance of 75 Ohms instead of the cable. If you need to connect a new subscriber to a cable television network, then the splitter for two subscribers, as in this example, is replaced with a three-slot one.

Thus, to connect a TV to a cable network, a piece of television cable of the required length with antenna F-connectors installed at the ends is sufficient. One F-connector of the antenna cable is connected to the subscriber tap in the entrance, and the second to the TV.

Features of cable routing

The television cable “comes” into the apartment from the floor panel and is routed through the television receivers available in the house. To correctly install a TV cable throughout your apartment, you should follow some recommendations.

The main elements of a TV cable in stripped and completely exposed form

To avoid signal interference, it is recommended to place the cable away from the electrical wiring. Telephone wire or Internet cable do not interfere with the normal passage of the TV signal, and therefore the general installation of these communications in one cable channel is allowed. If it is impossible to avoid placing an electrical cable together with a television cable, then you should purchase a TV cable with a core diameter of over 1 mm with a double protective screen.

Cable routing across rooms to ensure shielding and high quality contacts is carried out using factory-made splitters. Self-made devices are unlikely to be able to provide acceptable signal quality. You should also avoid connecting a television cable with sharp bends or in a coil - the quality of the picture on the screen may suffer greatly from this.

It is better to lay the section of the line running from the floor box to the apartment in a widened cable channel, taking into account the possible activation of an alarm or an additional telephone line. To facilitate maintenance, splitters should be placed in areas with easy access.

Models of television cables may be different, but the general principle of connecting them remains the same.

What is the difference between a crab and a coupler?

In crab, the power of the incoming television signal is usually divided into equal parts between all connected televisions. Unlike the crab, in the coupler only a small part of the signal power received at the input is allocated to subscribers, about 6 dB.

To ensure a sufficient level of the television signal reaching subscribers, the signal to the input of the coupler is supplied from the main power amplifier, depending on the number of connected subscribers. Taken together, all branches installed in one entrance represent a crab with numerous branches.

What affects signal quality

During the seasonal increase in the number of household antennas for receiving satellite channels, owners of new TVs are increasingly faced with the problem of poor television signal reception - especially in densely built areas, or on low floors.

The quality of the TV signal is influenced by several factors:

Antenna type. Outdoor antennas are typically only capable of receiving signals from one satellite, while indoor antennas are capable of receiving all satellites used in a country. But even if your TV has a built-in antenna, its capabilities are not limitless. For example, it will not be able to receive a signal from several satellites at once, nor will it be able to amplify the signal of some broadcasters, unlike the Clear TV antenna.
Antenna location. The higher the antenna is located, the stronger the signal. It is also worth noting that the signal level is affected by the direction and angle of the antenna itself - for example, if the angle of inclination is too large, the signal quality may decrease significantly.
Food quality. High-quality power not only ensures stable operation of the antenna, but also improves its reception. If you want to avoid constant freezes and shutdowns, it is recommended to connect the TV through a stabilized voltage source.

TV signal amplifier

If after installing the crab the image becomes unsatisfactory, you will have to additionally install a television amplifier in front of it. The amplifier is designed in the same way as the crab, but its body additionally contains active elements (transistors or a microcircuit) that amplify the video signal. A television amplifier will additionally require a supply voltage, and this must be taken into account when choosing its installation location.

The television amplifier must be installed as close as possible to the source of the television signal, since the amplifier amplifies noise along with the useful television signal. The photo shows the TERRA HA123 television amplifier, designed for operation in a home television network that has one output, with the ability to adjust the gain from 8 to 28 dB. If possible, the ideal option is to place the amplifier directly in the box of the main signal splitter for apartments.

If the televisions are located not far from the television amplifier, then it is more advisable to install only one television signal amplifier with several outputs instead of a television amplifier and a crab. For example, a television amplifier-splitter model Televes 5523 (Spain), which has a gain of 16 dB and five outputs, which makes it possible to connect up to 5 TVs to it.

If the signal is taken from an individual antenna, then there are amplifiers that are designed to be installed directly on the antenna instead of a matching loop. Antenna amplifiers provide high-quality reception at a distance of up to 100 km from the transmitting antenna.

The photo shows the SWA-555/LUX television signal antenna amplifier, which is available with different gains, from 10 to 15 dB in the meter range and from 34 to 43 dB in the decimeter range. You can find out how to properly connect the power supply to a television cable to supply voltage to a television antenna amplifier on the website page “How to connect a television antenna amplifier to a power supply.”

The antenna amplifier, depending on the signal level at the antenna installation point, must be selected according to the gain for each specific case. The supply voltage for such amplifiers is supplied via a coaxial cable.

In what cases is an indoor antenna suitable?

An indoor antenna is installed inside a building, usually in the same room where the television receiver is located. These antennas are installed only if the television signal is quite strong. Usually this is in the direct line of sight of the TV tower, in the so-called reliable reception zone. However, before purchasing, try to make sure that the indoor antenna is right for you. For example, ask your neighbors how they receive the DVB-T2 signal. Also look on the RTRS website for the location of the nearest tower to your address. Be sure to consider whether there is an obstacle in the way, such as other buildings.

Anti-interference by installing a ferrite ring on the antenna cable

Sometimes, after connecting to cable television or the antenna of several TVs using a crab, interference may appear on some channels in the form of chaotically appearing white or black dots, traveling waves or a grid across the screen. When receiving digital television, image and sound may periodically disappear or be completely absent.

This may occur due to high-frequency interference from a local oscillator, parallel connected TVs, or other sources of interference entering the antenna input of the TV. It is possible that interference can also come from televisions connected in neighboring apartments.

The level of this kind of interference can be significantly reduced or even eliminated completely by installing a ferrite ring on the cable.

The effectiveness of interference suppression by a ferrite filter depends on the cross-sectional area of the ring: the larger its area, the greater the inductance of the inductor made. A ferrite ring placed on the antenna cable forms a choke and, together with the linear capacitance of the antenna cable, forms a U-shaped high-frequency filter. Maximum interference suppression will be achieved by installing two rings on the antenna cable at its ends.

Ferrite rings are sold in stores and come in two types: solid and consisting of two halves, pressed into a plastic case with latches. But you can do it without extra costs. If you look closely at the interface wires running from the computer system unit to the printer, scanner, monitor and other peripheral equipment, you can see thickening of the cylindrical cables. These are ferrite filters.

You probably have an old CRT monitor collecting dust or have unnecessary interface cables. It is enough to cut the plastic with a knife, remove the ferrite ring and install it on the antenna cable. After installing the ferrite ring, interference on the TV screen will no longer interfere with watching TV programs.

Antenna mounting options

In fact, there are not many options for installing an antenna in a dacha, there are only two:

Installation on the facade of the house;
Installation on a mast.

Some are installed in the attic or in the house (this will also work if the signal is strong and the roof is not made of metal).

Installation on a mast

The mast was mainly used for installing collective antennas and under difficult reception conditions. For example, if the house is located in a lowland, in the direction towards the tower there is a hill, a building, a mountain, etc. Also when you need to install several pieces (digital, satellite and Internet or cellular communications).

From practice! 95% of installations are done without a mast, outside on the facade of the house.

There are two ways to install the mast:

On brackets for mounting on the facade of the house.
With guy ropes and a support for the roof of the house.

Façade installation

Installing the antenna on the facade using brackets is much easier than fiddling with the mast. It is not necessary to mount it as high as possible. This rule applied to analog television. At that time, television towers were located only in large populated areas. And the farther from the tower we got, the worse the signal we got. In order to somehow watch TV, we had to install the terrestrial antennas as high as possible. With the advent of digital television, many repeaters were built and the coverage area expanded significantly. So most of it is mounted on brackets.

You may be interested in: How to connect a digital set-top box to your TV

Installation in the city

For urban conditions, there is the concept of a reflected signal - this is when you do not have direct visibility of the tower, but there are many buildings around where the signal can be reflected. In some cases, you can get by with a passive indoor antenna for a strong signal or with an amplifier for a weak signal.

There are shadow areas where the signal is critically low or non-existent. In such a place, even “dancing with a tambourine” will not help to attract a signal. In this case, you have four options:

try to negotiate with neighbors whose windows face the other direction;
negotiate with the HOA, housing and communal services and install it on the roof where there is a signal;
refuse installation and use cable or IPTV.
You can also consider satellite TV if the windows face south and there are no obstacles in front for the signal to pass through.

You may be interested in: Setting up a digital antenna

TV antenna location

Indoor antenna location

In order for an indoor wave receiver to properly perform its function, several conditions must be met. An indoor TV antenna for indoor use is a good solution only for those whose distance from the TV tower to their home is no more than 20 kilometers. Compared to external antennas, indoor antennas are a relatively weak device. In order for the reception to be acceptable, you need to carefully search for potential installation locations in your home where it will reliably receive the signal.

First of all, find the location of the nearest transmitter - this information can be obtained by searching the CETV coverage map. Next, place the antenna in the direction of the nearest repeater. Optimal reception quality is usually achieved near a window, at the maximum height. The internal structure is more vulnerable than others to obstructions: tall buildings, trees or elevations, so in a private house it would be justified to place it as high as possible, for example, in the attic.

Many household appliances can complicate the operation of an indoor TV channel catcher. Any other radio wave receivers are not the best neighbors for it. Even protective decorative grilles on windows can create interference, reducing the quality of the received television signal.

Active or passive

All wave receivers can be divided into several groups: by type of design, method and location of installation, and other parameters. An indoor antenna for digital television is always a choice dilemma: should it be active or passive? A passive indoor antenna is one that does not have a built-in signal amplifier. According to the majority, this is the type of device you should choose for your home. This approach is based on the judgment that the length of the cable to the TV is short, only a few meters, so the device does not need an amplifier, because the signal in this section is not distorted. An active indoor antenna, that is, with a built-in amplifier, helps out when it itself is obviously low-power, and its installation is supposed to be at a considerable distance from the digital decoder. The cable will inevitably be subject to signal loss.

Television antennas with an amplifier have their supporters, but it is worth recognizing: the signal is received by the catcher itself, and not by its amplifier. How it copes with this task largely depends on its design, otherwise manufacturers would not be struggling with the best passive models, but would simply equip them with amplifiers, entrusting all the work associated with reception to them.

Amplifiers for indoor television antennas compensate for losses that occur on the way to the television receiver - receiver or TV. Each coaxial cable has a so-called attenuation coefficient, i.e., as the length of the cable increases, the level of the received signal decreases. If this distance is only a few meters, and the signal is obviously strong, then passive indoor antennas are quite suitable for watching digital television.

The situation is the opposite: there is a large house in a populated area with a good digital signal, one indoor radio wave receiver, cable splitters for several rooms, sockets and a wire length exceeding, for example, 40 meters. Each element - a splitter, a socket, and especially a long cable - causes a decrease in the signal. This is where it makes sense to use an active TV signal catcher.

When choosing between active and passive designs, use common sense: do not buy an expensive signal receiver with a powerful amplifier if you live five kilometers from a TV tower. The signal level of the active device may be so strong that it “overloads” the tuner or it produces strong noise and interference. As for the amplifier, it is a device that consumes electricity. Its consumption is small, but it is there. The active model only works when the amplifier is connected to the network. A device receiving waves with the amplifier turned off does not become passive; it cannot receive a signal at all.

Gain

Gain is an extremely useful and important parameter for assessing the performance of a trapping structure. This is not the gain of the amplifier, but the antenna’s own gain when precisely aimed at the transmitter.

To enhance the indoor model of the receiver, it can be retrofitted with a device to increase its performance. Many models that the radio market offers come with an amplifier already installed, but it can also be purchased separately for the indoor antenna that you already have.

Installing an amplifier that is too powerful paradoxically worsens reception. The gain will affect not only the useful signal, but also any interference in the reception area. The optimal solution is to purchase an amplifier that has a voltage regulator on the power source. This way you can independently control and delicately adjust the signal amplification level.

However, generally accepted practice suggests that for DVB-T2 the use of amplifiers in combination with indoor wave receivers is best avoided. Similar to choosing an antenna, it all depends on the power and distance to the transmitter. For towers located at a distance of up to 30 km or more, especially if their output signal power is low, amplification will most likely be required. Often, imperfect conditions on the ground do not contribute to good reception (dense buildings, forest belts) and then the solution may be to receive a reflected signal. In this case, an amplifier can really save the situation, increasing the chances of successful reception.