Principles of digital marking of SMD resistors.

Enter the resistor marking directly into the image of its body below and you will see the value of this SMD resistor below it. I also have a resistor color coding calculator on my website. The SMD resistor marking calculator accepts the following values:

  • Three digits (123)
  • Two digits separated by the letter R (4R7)
  • Of four digits (1234)
  • Three digits separated by the letter R (4R37)
  • Designation from the EIA-96 table of two numbers and one Latin letter from the series “ZYRXSABHCDEF” (02A)

Resistor value:

Examples of resistor decodings

Resistors with two numbers and a separator (4R7 1R0 2R2)

In this case, "R" acts as a decimal point. Thus:

  • 2R2 - 2.2 Ohm
  • 1R0 - 1 Ohm
  • 4R7 - 4.7 Ohm

Three-digit resistors (103 102 100)

For such resistors, the first two digits are the value, and the third digit indicates the number of zeros after the value.

  • 100 — 10 Ohm
  • 102 — 1,000 Ohm or 1 KOhm
  • 103 — 10,000 Ohm or 10 KOhm

Four-digit resistors (0805 1206 2512)

As in previous examples, the first digits are directly the value, and the last digit indicates the number of zeros after the value:

  • 0805 — 8,000,000 Ohm or 8 MOhm
  • 1206 — 120,000,000 Ohm or 120 MOhm
  • 2512 — 25 100 Ohm or 25.1 KOhm

Resistor 000

There are SMD resistors with zero resistance. They are designated by zeros (0, 00 or 000), or may have a longitudinal line on the body. Such resistors are often used as fuses. Since, despite almost zero resistance, they still have a certain power, which depends on the size of the resistor. I will write about this below.

Differences in SMD resistor markings

As I wrote above, there are several marking options for SMD resistance. In fact, the differences are not significant.

  • Of three digits (123). Used for resistors with an error of 5% -10%
  • Made of two numbers separated by the letter R (4R7). Used for resistors with values ​​less than 10 ohms. Such resistors have an error of up to 5%
  • Of four digits (1234). Used for resistors with an error of 5% -10%
  • Three digits separated by the letter R (4R37). Used for resistors with values ​​less than 100 Ohms. Such resistors have an error of up to 5%
  • Designation from the EIA-96 table consisting of two numbers and a Latin letter (02A). Used for resistors with an error of less than 1%.

Marking table for SMD constant resistance resistors

CodeMeaningCodeMeaningCodeMeaningCodeMeaning
R100.1 Ohm1R01 ohm10010 ohm101100 Ohm
R110.11 Ohm1R11.1 Ohm11011 ohm111110 Ohm
R120.12 Ohm1R21.2 Ohm12012 ohm121120 Ohm
R130.13 Ohm1R31.3 Ohm13013 ohm131130 Ohm
R150.15 Ohm1R51.5 Ohm15015 ohm151150 Ohm
R160.16 Ohm1R61.6 Ohm16016 ohm161160 Ohm
R180.18 Ohm1R81.8 Ohm18018 ohm181180 Ohm
R200.2 Ohm2R02 ohm20020 ohm201200 Ohm
R220.22 Ohm2R22.2 Ohm22022 Ohm221220 Ohm
R240.24 Ohm2R42.4 Ohm24024 ohm241240 Ohm
R270.27 Ohm2R72.7 Ohm27027 Ohm271270 Ohm
R300.3 ohm3R03 ohm30030 ohm301300 Ohm
R330.33 Ohm3R33.3 Ohm33033 Ohm331330 Ohm
R360.36 Ohm3R63.6 Ohm36036 Ohm361360 Ohm
R390.39 Ohm3R93.9 Ohm39039 Ohm391390 Ohm
R430.43 Ohm4R34.3 Ohm43043 Ohm431430 Ohm
R470.47 Ohm4R74.7 Ohm47047 Ohm471470 Ohm
R510.51 Ohm5R15.1 Ohm51051 Ohm511510 Ohm
R560.56 Ohm5R65.6 Ohm56056 Ohm561560 Ohm
R620.62 Ohm6R26.2 Ohm62062 Ohm621620 Ohm
R680.68 Ohm6R86.8 Ohm68068 Ohm681680 Ohm
R750.75 Ohm7R57.5 Ohm75075 Ohm751750 Ohm
R820.82 Ohm8R28.2 Ohm82082 Ohm821820 Ohm
R910.91 Ohm9R19.1 Ohm91091 Ohm911910 Ohm
1021 kOhm10310 kOhm104100 kOhm1051 mOhm
1121.1 kOhm11311 kOhm114110 kOhm1151.1 mOhm
1221.2 kOhm12312 kOhm124120 kOhm1251.2 mOhm
1321.3 kOhm13313 kOhm134130 kOhm1351.3 mOhm
1521.5 kOhm15315 kOhm154150 kOhm1551.5 mOhm
1621.6 kOhm16316 kOhm164160 kOhm1651.6 mOhm
1821.8 kOhm18318 kOhm184180 kOhm1851.8 mOhm
2022 kOhm20320 kOhm204200 kOhm2052 mOhm
2222.2 kOhm22322 kOhm224220 kOhm2252.2 mOhm
2422.4 kOhm24324 kOhm244240 kOhm2452.4 mOhm
2722.7 kOhm27327 kOhm274270 kOhm2752.7 mOhm
3023 kOhm30330 kOhm304300 kOhm3053 mOhm
3323.3 kOhm33333 kOhm334330 kOhm3353.3 mOhm
3623.6 kOhm36336 kOhm364360 kOhm3653.6 mOhm
3923.9 kOhm39339 kOhm394390 kOhm3953.9 mOhm
4324.3 kOhm43343 kOhm434430 kOhm4354.3 mOhm
4724.7 kOhm47347 kOhm474470 kOhm4754.7 mOhm
5125.1 kOhm51351 kOhm514510 kOhm5155.1 mOhm
5625.6 kOhm56356 kOhm564560 kOhm5655.6 mOhm
6226.2 kOhm62362 kOhm624620 kOhm6256.2 mOhm
6826.8 kOhm68368 kOhm684680 kOhm6856.8 mOhm
7527.5 kOhm75375 kOhm754750 kOhm7557.5 mOhm
8228.2 kOhm82382 kOhm824820 kOhm8158.2 mOhm
9129.1 kOhm91391 kOhm914910 kOhm9159.1 mOhm

You can always buy SMD resistors inexpensively and without unnecessary hassles on Aliexpress, but you need to pay attention to reviews, since there is always a risk of ending up with an unscrupulous seller.

Color coding of resistors

On the one hand, the multi-colored stripes (or rings) present on the parts made the process of factory marking easier. On the other hand, this often confuses novice radio amateurs.

However, you can figure it out if you want. It is enough to understand the principle of color marking once and no further problems will arise.

Before you begin to “decipher” the resistor, you need to position it in front of your eyes so that the colored rings are located on the left side.

Please note: gold or silver stripes are usually not taken into account when decoding. We simply skip them.

Next it reads the number by stripes:

  • 0 - black;
  • 1- brown;
  • 2 - Red;
  • 3 - Orange;
  • 4 - Yellow;
  • 5 - Green;
  • 6 - Blue;
  • 7 - Purple;
  • 8 - Gray;
  • 9 - White.

The third colored stripe on the resistor is responsible for the number of zeros that need to be added to the resulting value. To do this, you will need a plate that contains the values ​​​​for each specific color.

The names and types of SMD resistor housings may vary. For example, the symbol in square brackets is used in accordance with the accepted standards of the JEDEC Engineering Standards Committee (USA), and the curly braces refer to JEITA (Japan).

Also, sometimes there may be designations enclosed in parentheses - this is how resistor cases are usually designated, which are accepted as a standard in a particular company.

2 outputs3 pins4 pins5 pins6 pins>8 pins
smcj [do214ab] 7.0x6.0x2.6mmd2pak [to263] 9.8x8.8x4.0mmmbs [to269aa] 4.8x3.9x2.5mmd2pak5 [to263-5] 9.8x8.8x4.0mmmlp2x3 [mo229] (dfn2030-6) (lfcsp6) 3.0x2.0x0.75mmtssop8 [mo153] 4.4x3.0x1.0mm
smbj [do214aa] 4.6x3.6x2.3mmdpak [to252aa] 6.6x6.1x2.3mmsop4 4.4x4.1x2.0mmdpak5 [to252-5] 6.6x6.1x2.3mmssot6 [mo193] 3.0x1.7x1.1mmchipfet 3.05x1.65x1.05mm
(gf1) [do214ba] 4.5x1.4x2.5mm(smpc) [to277a] 6.5x4.6x1.1mmssop4 4.4x2.6x2.0mmsot223-5 6.5x3.5x1.8mmdfn2020-6 [sot1118] (wson6 | llp6) 2.0x2.0x0.75mmtdfn8 (wson8) (lfcsp8) 3.0x3.0x0.9mm
smaj [do214ac] 4.5x2.6x2.0mmsot223 [to261aa] {sc73} 6.5x3.5x1.8mmsot223-4 6.5x3.5x1.8mmmo240 (pqfn8l) 3.3x3.3x1.0mmsot23-6 [mo178ab] {sc74} 2.9x1.6x1.1mm(mlf8) 2.0x2.0x0.85mm
sod123 [do219ab] 2.6x1.6x1.1mmsot89 [to243aa] {sc62} 4.7x2.5x1.7mmsot143 2.9x1.3x1.0mmsot89-5 4.5x2.5x1.5mmtsot6 [mo193] 2.9x1.6x0.9mmmsop8 [mo187aa] 3.0x3.0x1.1mm
sod123f 2.6x1.6x1.1mmsot23f 2.9x1.8x0.8mmsot343 2.0x1.3x0.9mmsot23-5 [mo193ab|mo178aa] {sc74a} (tsop5/sot753) 2.9x1.6x1.1mmsot363 [mo203ab|ttsop6] {sc88|sc70-6} (us6) 2.0x1.25x1.1mmvssop8 3.0x3.0x0.75mm
sod110 2.0x1.3x1.6mmsot346 [to236aa] {sc59a} (smini) 2.9x1.5x1.1mmsot543 1.6x1.2x0.5mmsct595 2.9x1.6x1.0mmsot563f {sc89-6|sc170c} [sot666] 1.6x1.2x0.6mmsot23-8 2.9x1.6x1.1mm
sod323 {sc76} 1.7x1.25x0.9mmsot23 [to236ab] 2.9x1.3x1.0mm(tsfp4-1) 1.4x0.8x0.55mmsot353 [mo203aa] {sc88a|sc70-5} (tssop5) 2.0x1.25x0.95mmsot886 [mo252] (xson6/mp6c) 1.45x1.0x0.55mmsot765 [mo187ca] (us8) 2.0x2.3x0.7mm
sod323f {sc90a} 1.7x1.25x0.9mmdfn2020 (sot1061) 2.0x2.0x0.65mm(tslp4) 1.2x0.8x0.4mmsot553 (sot665|esv) {sc107} 1.6x1.2x0.6mmwlcsp6 1.2x0.8x0.4mmusoic10 (rm10|micro10) 3.0x3.0x1.1mm
dfn1608 (sod1608) 1.6x0.8x0.4mmsot323 {sc70} (usm) 2.0x1.25x0.9mmdfn4 1.0x1.0x0.6mmsot1226 (x2son5) 0.8x0.8x0.35mmtdfn10 (vson10|dfn10) 3.0x3.0x0.9mmsod523f {sc79} 1.2x0.8x0.6mmsot523 (sot416) {sc75a} 1.6x0.8x0.7mm(dsbga4|wlcsp) 0.75x0.75x0.63mm(wson10) 3.0x3.0x0.8mmsod822 (tslp2) 1.0x0.6x0.45mmsot523f (sot490) {sc89-3} 1.6x0.8x0.7mmmsop10 [mo187da] 2.9x2.5x1.1mmdfn1412 {sot8009} 1.4x1.2x0.5mm(uqfn10) 1.8x1.4x0.5mmsot723 {sc105aa} (tsfp-3) 1.2x0.8x0.5mmbga9 (9pin flip-chip) 1.45x1.45x0.6mmdfn1110 {mo340ba} (sot8015) 1.1x1.0x0.5mmsot883 {sc101} (tslp3-1) 1.0x0.6x0.5mmsot1123 0.8x0.6x0.37mm

Internal structure

The main load-bearing element of the resistor is a substrate made of aluminum oxide (Al2O3). This material has good dielectric properties, but in addition it has very high thermal conductivity, which is necessary to remove the heat generated in the resistive layer into the environment.

Internal structure of the resistor.

The main (but not all) electrical characteristics of a resistor are determined by the resistive element, which is most often a film of metal or oxide, for example, pure chromium or ruthenium dioxide, deposited on a substrate.

The composition, technology of application to the substrate and the nature of processing of this film are the most important elements that determine the characteristics of the resistor, and most often represent the manufacturing secret of the manufacturer.

Some types - wire resistors - use thin (up to 10 microns) wire made of a material with a low temperature coefficient of resistance (for example, constantan) wound on a substrate as a resistive material. In the latter case, the resistor value usually does not exceed 100 Ohms.

To connect the resistive element to the conductors of the printed circuit board, several layers of contact elements are used. The inner contact layer is usually made of silver or palladium, the intermediate layer is a thin film of nickel, and the outer layer is lead-tin solder.

This complex contact structure is designed to ensure reliable mutual adhesion of the layers. Its characteristics, such as reliability and current noise, depend on the quality of the contact elements of the resistor. The last element of the SMD resistor design is a protective layer, which ensures the protection of all elements of the resistor structure from the effects of environmental factors, and primarily from moisture. This layer is made of glass or polymer materials.

Dimensions of SMD parts housings

SMD resistors

TYPE:Type Explanation:
S.R.Resistor Chip Resistor chip
Size (inches)Size(mm)Component ThicknessTape widthComponent pitch in the ribbonQuantity in standard packaging (180 mm/7 inches) paper tapeQty per standard package (180 mm/7 inches) plastic tape
0100504020.12 mm ± 0.028 mm2 mm20000
020106030.23 mm ± 0.038 mm2 mm15000
040210050.35 mm ± 0.058 mm2 mm10000
060316080.45 mm ± 0.18 mm4 mm5000
080520120.55 mm ± 0.18 mm4 mm5000
120632160.55 mm ± 0.158 mm4 mm5000
121032250.55 mm ± 0.158 mm4 mm50004000
201050250.55 mm ± 0.158/12 mm4/8 mm4000
251263320.55 mm ± 0.1512 mm4/8 mm4000/2000
TYPE:Type Explanation:
SRMMelf Resistor Melf resistor (round)
Size (inches)NameComponent sizeTape widthComponent pitch in the ribbonQty per standard package (180 mm/7 inches) plastic tape
06041.6 mm X 1.0 mm8 mm4 mm3000
0805Micro2.2 mm X 1.1 mm8 mm4 mm3000
1206Mini3.2 mm X 1.6 mm8 mm4 mm3000
1406Mini3.5 mm X 1.4 mm8 mm4 mm3000
2308Melf5.9 mm X 2.2 mm12 mm4 mm1500

SMD capacitors

TYPE:Type Explanation:
S.C.Ceramic Chip Capacitor Ceramic chip capacitor
Size (inches)Size(mm)Component ThicknessTape widthComponent pitch in the ribbonQuantity in standard packaging (180 mm/7 inches) paper tapeQty per standard package (180 mm/7 inches) plastic tape
0100504020.2 mm ± 0.038 mm2 mm20000
020106030.3 mm ± 0.038 mm2 mm15000
040210050.5 mm ± 0.18 mm2 mm10000
060316080.8 mm ± 0.18 mm4 mm4000
080520120.6 – 1.25 mm8 mm4 mm40003000
120632160.6 – 1.25 mm8 mm4 mm40003000
121032251.25 mm – 1.5 mm8 mm4 mm3000
181245322 mm (Max.)12 mm8 mm1000
222556642 mm (Max.)12 mm8 mm1000

Tantalum capacitors SMD

TYPE:Type Explanation:
SDMolded Tantalum Tantalum capacitor (polar component)
Size (inches)CodeComponent ThicknessComponent sizeTape widthComponent pitch in the ribbonQty per standard package (180 mm/7 inches) plastic tape
3216A1.6 mm3.2 mm X 1.6 mm8 mm4 mm2000
3528B1.9 mm3.5 mm X 2.8 mm8 mm4 mm2000
6032C2.5 mm6.0 mm X 3.2 mm12 mm8 mm500
7343D2.8 mm7.3 mm X 4.3 mm12 mm8 mm500
1608J0.8 mm1.6 mm X 0.8 mm8 mm4 mm4000
2012P/R1.2 mm2.0 mm X 1.2 mm8 mm4 mm2500/3000

Electrolytic capacitors SMD

TYPE:Type Explanation:
S.E.Aluminum Capacitor Aluminum capacitor (polar component)
Case diameterCase heightTape widthComponent pitch in the ribbonQty per standard package (180 mm/7 inches) plastic tapeQty per standard pack (330 mm/13 inches) plastic tape
3 mm5.5 mm12 mm8 mm1002000
4 mm5.5 mm12 mm8 mm1002000
5 mm5.5 mm12 mm12 mm1001000
6.3 mm5.5 mm16 mm12 mm1001000
8 mm6 mm16 mm12 mm1001000
8 mm10 mm24 mm16 mm100500
10 mm10 mm24 mm16 mm100300 – 500
10 mm14 – 22 mm32 mm20 mm250 – 300
12.5 mm14 mm32 mm24 mm200 – 250
12.5 mm17 mm32 mm24 mm150 – 200
12.5 mm22 mm32 mm24 mm125 – 150
16 mm17 mm44 mm28 mm125 – 150
16 mm22 mm44 mm28 mm75 – 100
18 mm17 mm44 mm32 mm125 – 150
18 mm22 mm44 mm32 mm75 – 100
20 mm17 mm44 mm36 mm50

SMD transistors

TYPE:Type Explanation:
SOTSOT Transistor SOT transistor
Type of shellNumber of pinsTape widthComponent pitch in the ribbonCase size A (mm)Case size B (mm)Case size S (mm)Case height H (mm)Qty per standard package (180 mm/7 inches) plastic tape
SOT72338 mm4 mm1.20.81.20.58000
SOT34638 mm4 mm2.91.62.81.13000
SOT32338 mm4 mm2.01.252.10.93000
SOT41638 mm4 mm1.60.81.60.73000
SOT523F38 mm4 mm1.60.81.60.73000
SOT2338 mm4 mm2.91.32.40.953000
SOT23-558 mm4 mm2.91.62.81.13000
SOT23-668 mm4 mm2.91.62.81.13000
SOT89312 mm8 mm4.52.54.01.51000
SOT14348 mm4 mm2.91.62.80.953000
SOT223316 mm8 mm6.53.67.01.62500
SOT32338 mm4 mm2.01.252.10.93000
SOT34348 mm4 mm2.01.252.10.93000
SOT35358 mm4 mm2.01.252.10.93000
SOT36368 mm4 mm2.01.252.10.93000
SOT23-888 mm4 mm2.91.62.91.23000

Power transistors SMD

TYPE:Type Explanation:
DPAKDPAK Transistor DPAK Transistor
Type of shellNumber of pinsTape widthComponent pitch in the ribbonCase size L (mm)Case size W (mm)Case height H (mm)Case size S (mm)Qty per standard pack (330 mm/13 inches) plastic tape
DPAK316 mm8 mm66.52.3102500
D2PAK324 mm16 mm9.2104.415500 – 800
D2PAK-5524 mm16 mm9.2104.415500 – 800
D2PAK-7724 mm16 mm9.2104.415500 – 800
D3PAK324 mm24 mm14164.718.8500

MELF SMD diodes

TYPE:Type Explanation:
SODSOD, SM, Melf Diode/Rectifier SOD, SM, Melf diodes (round)
Component typeComponent size (diameter X length)Tape widthComponent pitch in the ribbonQty per standard package (180 mm/7 inches) plastic tape
MiniMELF/SOD-80 (LL34)1.6 mm X 3.5 mm8 mm4 mm2500
MELF (LL35/LL41)2.5 mm X 5.0 mm12 mm4 mm1500
MELF (SM1)2.5 mm X 5.0 mm12 mm4 mm1750

SOD SMD diodes

TYPE:Type Explanation:
S.M.Rectangular Diode Gull Wing Lead
Type of shellTape widthComponent pitch in the ribbonCase size L (mm)Case size W (mm)Case height H (mm)Case size S (mm)Case size B (mm)Qty per standard package (170 mm/7 inches) plastic tape
SOD9238 mm2 mm0.80.60.41.00.28000
SOD7238 mm2 mm1.00.60.51.40.38000
SOD5238 mm4 mm1.20.80.61.60.33000
SOD3238 mm4 mm1.71.250.72.50.33000
SOD1238 mm4 mm2.71.51.33.60.73000
DO215AC12 mm4 mm4.32.62.26.11.41800
DO215AA12 mm8 mm4.33.62.36.22.01000
DO215AB16 mm8 mm7.06.02.31 03.0900

SM SMD Diodes

TYPE:Type Explanation:
S.M.Rectangular Diode C-Bend Lead (Modified J-Lead)
Type of shellTape widthComponent pitch in the ribbonCase size L (mm)Case size W (mm)Case height H (mm)Case size S (mm)Case size B (mm)Qty per standard package (170 mm/7 inches) plastic tape
S.M.A.J.12 mm4 mm4.32.62.25.01.51800
SMBJ12 mm8 mm4.33.62.35.42.0750
SMCJ16 mm8 mm7.06.02.38.03.0850

Permissible deviation from the nominal value

Of course, it is possible to make a resistor with a very precise resistance value, but it will be very expensive. In addition, very precise and expensive resistors are needed quite rarely, for example, as voltage dividers in multimeters. Here we will talk about inexpensive and not very accurate resistors used in electronic devices. In most cases, ±20% accuracy is acceptable. For a 1k ohm resistor, this means that any resistor with a resistance between 800 ohms and 1200 ohms will be considered a 1k ohm resistor. The tolerance on some particularly critical components may be ±1% or even ±0.05%. At the same time, it should be noted that nowadays it is difficult to find resistors with a tolerance of 20%. 5 percent and 1 percent resistors are common. Once upon a time, in the days of tubes and the first transistor radios, such resistors were very expensive and 20% resistors were common.


Comparison of 0.1 W 1608 (1.6 x 0.8 mm) surface mount resistors with a 10 W 1 ohm ceramic resistor

Coding table for planar SMD parts

The first 2 characters of the chip element are indicated. By clicking on them you will be taken to a page with another table, which shows various options for the remaining symbols with a brief description of the functions and parameters for each.

000102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F0G0H0I0J0K0L0M0N0P0Q0R0S0T0U0V0W0X0Y0Z
101112131415161718191A1B1C1D1E1F1G1H1I1J1K1L1M1N1P1Q1R1S1T1U1V1W1X1Y1Z
202122232425262728292A2B2C2D2E2F2G2H2I2J2K2L2M2N2P2Q2R2S2T2U2V2W2X2Y2Z
303132333435363738393A3B3C3D3E3F3G3H3I3J3K3L3M3N3P3Q3R3S3T3U3V3W3X3Y3Z
404142434445464748494A4B4C4D4E4F4G4H4I4J4K4L4M4N4P4Q4R4S4T4U4V4W4X4Y4Z
505152535455565758595A5B5C5D5E5F5G5H5I5J5K5L5M5N5P5Q5R5S5T5U5V5W5X5Y5Z
606162636465666768696A6B6C6D6E6F6G6H6I6J6K6L6M6N6P6Q6R6S6T6U6V6W6X6Y6Z
707172737475767778797A7B7C7D7E7F7G7H7I7J7K7L7M7N7P7Q7R7S7T7U7V7W7X7Y7Z
808182838485868788898A8B8C8D8E8F8G8H8I8J8K8L8M8N8P8Q8R8S8T8U8V8W8X8Y8Z
909192939495969798999A9B9C9D9E9F9G9H9I9J9K9L9M9N9P9Q9R9S9T9U9V9W9X9Y9Z
A0A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A9A.A.ABA.C.ADA.E.A.F.A.G.A.H.A.I.A.J.A.K.ALA.M.ANAPAQARASATAUAVA.W.AXAYAZ
B0B1B2B3B4B5B6B7B8B9B.A.BBB.C.BDBEB.F.B.G.B.H.B.I.B.J.B.K.B.L.B.M.BNB.P.BQBRB.S.BTB.U.B.V.B.W.BXBYBZ
C0C1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9C.A.C.B.CCCDC.E.CFC.G.CHC.I.C.J.CKC.L.C.M.CNC.P.C.Q.CRC.S.C.T.C.U.CVCWCXC.Y.CZ
D0D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9D.A.D.B.DCDDDEDFDGD.H.D.I.DJDKD.L.DMDND.P.DQD.R.D.S.D.T.D.U.D.V.DWDXDYDZ
E0E1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9E.A.E.B.E.C.EDE.E.E.F.E.G.E.H.EIEJE.K.ELE.M.ENE.P.EQERESETEUEVE.W.EXEYEZ
F0F1F2F3F4F5F6F7F8F9F.A.FBF.C.FDF.E.FFFGFHFIF.J.FKFLFMFNFPFQFRFSF.T.F.U.F.V.FWFXFYFZ
G0G1G2G3G4G5G6G7G8G9GAG.B.G.C.G.D.G.E.GFGGG.H.G.I.G.J.GKG.L.G.M.GNG.P.GQGRG.S.GTG.U.G.V.G.W.GXG.Y.GZ
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